八年级上册--第一单元--课堂笔记.doc

一般现在时（1）构成： 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，主语为第三人称单数时，要用动词的第三人称单数形式，即动词词尾加-s或-es。另外，be动词和have有特殊的人称形式。（2）用法：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，every week等时间状语连用。如 He is often late for meeting. 他常常开会迟到。They take a rest on Sundays. 他们星期天休息。 表示客观真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。如 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。Americans speak English. 美国人说英语。频率副词频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。它们所表示的含义和频率是不同的,从高到低依次是: always意为 “总是”,表示动作的重复或状态的延续。(always=all the time ) usually意为 “通常”, 表示很少有例外。 often意为 “经常”,表示动作的重复,但不如usually那么频繁,中间有间断。 sometimes意为 “有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。 hardly意为 “几乎不”,常和ever连用表示强调。 never意为 “从未”。（hardly 和 never 表示否定。）Do you know their difference? sometimes = at times 有时（一般用于一般现在时） sometime 某个时间 （一般用于将来时） some time 一段时间 some times 几次;几倍 （表示次数或倍数）I sometimes go to school by bus.我有时坐公共汽车去上学。I will go to America sometime this year.我将要在今年的某个时候去美国。I have been to the Great Wall for some times.我已经去过好几次长城了。I watched TV for some time last night.我昨天晚上看了一会儿电视。根据汉语句子,用适当的频率副词或表示频率的词组完成英文句子。1. 有钱人未必总是幸福的。The rich are not always happy. 2. 他通常7点钟去学校。He usually goes to school at seven oclock. 3. 他上学经常迟到。He is often late for school. 4. 天气忽冷忽热。It is sometimes cold and sometimes hot.5. 这些天我几乎不出门。I hardly ever go out these days.6. 我父母从不吵架。My parents never quarrel with each other. 7. 她一天吃三次蔬菜。She eats vegetables three times a day. what 引导的一般现在时态的特殊疑问句形式，其中第一个do是助动词，随时态、人称而变。第二个do是实义动词。例： what do you usually do on weekdays?What do you do on weekends?oftenusuallyI usually often sometimes always What does he / she usually do on weekends?He / She usually always sometimes often “次数”的表达方法一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times, threetimes, fivetimes, onehundredtimes.表示“几次”的表达方法是： once a day / a week / a month / a year twice a day / a week / a month / a yearalways usually sometimes hardly ever neverevery day once a week twice a week three times a dayonce a month表示频度，频率的副词、短语常用 how often 提问how many times 提问次数how long 提问时间段how soon 提问将来动作多快，还要多久。1. （ B ） 【 】do you have an Art Festival in your school? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon2. (1) He went to Beijing twice last year. How many times did he go to Beijing last year? (2) He stays in his hometown for three days. How long does he stay in his hometown? (3) She will come back in a week. How soon will she come back?How often do you ? does he/she ? every day/night 每天/每夜 once a week/month 一周/一个月一次 twice a week/month 一周/一个月两次 three times a week/month 一周/一个月三次 once or twice a week/month 一周/一个月一次或两次(1)How often do you shop?I shop / go shopping once a week.(2)How often do you go to the movies?I go to the movies once a month.(3)How often do you exercise?I exercise twice a week.three times a weekexerciseA: How often do you exercise?B: Three times a week.（主语谓语here , there 置于句首且主语是名词时，句子要用倒装结构。 here , there 后的谓语单复数与后面的主语一致。例：1.There goes the bell. 铃响了。 2.Here are you tickets. And heres some information about the tour. 这是你们的票，这是关于旅游行程的一些资料。 注意：当主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。 如：Here you are. 给你。翻译：（1）公共汽车来了。Here comes the bus.（2）我们到了 Here we areexercise 锻炼；运动exercise 可以做动词，意为“锻炼，做运动”。另外，它作不可数名词时意为“锻炼”，作可数名词时意为“练习；体操”。 (1) 我每天都锻炼。 I exercise every day.(2) 我爸爸常常在晚上锻炼。My father often does exercise in the evening.(3) 学生总是做早操。Students always do morning exercise.the result of / for 的结果 Do you know the result of / for the soccer match yesterday?I have no idea.你知道昨晚足球比赛的结果吗？我不知道。as for 至于；关于 as for 后接名词、代词或动名词，多用于句首，表示强调。（1）至于看电视，其结果非常有趣。 As for watching TV, the results are very interesting. （2）至于巧克力，我一点也不喜欢。 As for chocolate, I dont like it at all.the result of / for 的结果 Do you know the result of / for the soccer match yesterday?I have no idea.你知道昨晚足球比赛的结果吗？我不知道。对划线部分提问。1. I usually play soccer.2. They often go to the movie