06四级三本试题A卷样题及答案

1 2007 2008 学年第二学期期末考试试题 A 卷 大学英语大学英语 使用班级使用班级 0606 级信息商务学院全体学生级信息商务学院全体学生 考生请注意考生请注意 1 考试开始就先播放听力内容 请注意听题 考试开始就先播放听力内容 请注意听题 2 答题卡一律用 2B 铅笔涂黑 用钢笔或圆珠笔涂答案者 得零分 3 学校代号 和 准考证号 一栏内从左到右依次填上个人的班号和学 号 共十位 然后涂黑本栏内与上述号码相对应的机读数字 未涂机读 数字或考号不满十位者卷面成绩按零分计 4 未涂试卷代号者 卷面成绩按零分计 5 答题卡和翻译纸上的姓名和考号必须相符合 6 最后两页纸上写上姓名 班号及学号后与答题卡一起交齐 总分总分 I Writing 15points Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Studying Abroad or Home You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese 1 现在有越来越多的人想出国留学 2 出国留学与在国内学习的对比 3 你的观点 得分得分 2 II Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning 10 points Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre For questions 1 10 mark A for YES if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage B for NO if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage C for NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage The Nicotine 尼古丁 尼古丁 in Tobacco If it weren t for nicotine people wouldn t smoke tobacco Why Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain altering people s moods appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial Unfortunately as it is widely known nicotine has a dark side it is highly addictive Once smokers become hooked on it they must get their fix of it regularly sometimes several dozen times a day Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens which means that long term smoking can amount to a death sentence In the US alone 420 000 Americans die every year from tobacco related illnesses Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy Each year nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking Sadly less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year most start smoking again within days So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker s brain and very being The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug smokers even some scientists say it offers certain benefits One is enhancing performance One study found that non smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it To greater or lesser degrees users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration reduce anxiety relieve pain and even dampen their appetites thus helping in weight control Unfortunately nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction At high doses as are achieved from tobacco products it can cause high blood pressure distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia First isolated as a compound in 1828 in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air It is found in several species of plants including tobacco and perhaps surprisingly in tomatoes potatoes and eggplant though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans As simple as it looks the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery 3 device For instance when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf they began adding substances such as ammonia 阿摩尼 亚水 氨水 to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form which is more readily vaporized by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporized nicotine per cigarette Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95 to forestall its power to addict When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette smoke including vaporized nicotine is drawn into the mouth The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart which then pumps it directly to the brain While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain the heart takes a hit as well Studies have shown that a smoker s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed snorted such as cocaine powder or even injected Indeed a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds The nicotine travels through blood vessels which branch out into capillaries 毛细血管 within the brain Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well Once inside the brain nicotine like most addictive drugs triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones ganglion 神经节 cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system These impulses are the basis for our thoughts feelings and moods To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters Like nicotine molecules the neurotransmitters drift into the so called synaptic space between neurones ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical message that triggers an electrical impulse The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions or charged atoms of sodium This generates a current across the membrane of the 4 receiving cell which completes delivery of the message An accomplished mimic nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors It wins and like the vanquished chemical opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell But there s a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter so a much larger current spreads across the membrane This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones With repeated smoking the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine Statements 1 Although nicotine is probably the well known chemical in cigarettes it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked 2 In spite of the difficulties according to the text more than thirty five million people a year give up smoking 3 It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people s abilities to perform some actions more quickly 4 Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine 5 Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances 6 Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body 7 Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones 8 Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by 95 to prevent them from being addictive 9 According to the passage a cigarette can raise a smoker s heart rate by about 20 beats a minute 10 In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor a neurone sends physical messengers known as neurotransmitters III Listening Comprehension 25 points Section A Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be 得分得分 5 asked about what was said Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A B C and D and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard Section B Directions In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard 得分得分 IV Reading Comprehension 30 points Section A 6 Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices below the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet There is no question that the Earth is getting hotter The real questions are How much of the warming is our fault and are we 36 to slow the devastation by controlling our greedy 37 for fossil fuels Global warming can seem too 38 to worry about or too uncertain something projected by the same computer 39 that often can t get next week s weather right On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn t be such a bad thing anyway And no doubt about it Warnings about 40 change can sound like an environmentalist warning meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles Unfortunately however the Earth has some discomforting news The world is heating up right now and fast Globally the 41 is up 1o F over the past century but some of the coldest most remote areas have warmed much more The results aren t petty Ice is 42 rivers are running dry and coasts are 43 threatening communities The 44 are happening largely out of sight But they shouldn t be out of mind because they are forecast of what s in store for the 45 of the planet 36 3738 3940 4142 4344 45 A skillful B curiosity C willing D appetite A remote B skill C techniques D practical A weather B temperature C globe D climate A Melting B consisting C vanishing D eroding A warning B changes C rest D remaining Section B Directions There are 2 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent notions of male superiority are hard to maintain 7 The pattern of sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing In such a home the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes If the process goes too far and man s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases we are as badly off as before only in reverse It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family We are getting a little tired of Momism but we don t want to exchange it for a neo Popism What we need rather is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals There are signs that psychiatrists psychologists social workers and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit nor the blame We have almost given up saying that a woman s place is in the home We are beginning however to analyse man s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child The family is a co operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems Excessive authoritarianism 命令主义 has unhappy consequences whether it wears skirts or trousers and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent 相关的 切题的 not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family 46 The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is A fundamental to a sound democracy B not pertinent to healthy family life C responsible for Momism D what we have almost given up 47 The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that A the role of the father may become an inferior one B the role of the mother may become an inferior one 8 C C the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexes D sharing leads to constant arguing 48 The author states that bringing up children A is mainly the mother s job B belongs among the duties of the father C is the job of schools and churches D involves a partnership of equals 49 According to the author the father s role in the home is A minor because he is an ineffectual parent B irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C pertinent to the healthy development of the child D identical to the role of the child s mother 50 With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree A A healthy co operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society B Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores C Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory D A woman s place in the home now as always Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food love or exercise said Dr Hans Selye the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body While here s no question that continuous stress is harmful several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn t get the job done Stress that you can manage may also boost immune 免疫的 function In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences In the first a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test subjects believed they had control over the outcome In the second they weren t in control They had to sit through a gory 血淋淋的 video on surgical procedures Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A an antibody that s the body s first line of defense against germs The video watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones In short bursts 9 these hormones have a positive effect including improved memory function They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage says Dr Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain Sustained stress is not good for you says Richard Morimoto a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity 长寿 It s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective 51 The passage is mainly about A the benefits of manageable stress B how to avoid stressful situations C how to cope with stress effectively D the effects of stress hormones on memory 52 The word shun Line 1 Para 1 most probably means A cut down on B stay away from C run out of D put up with 53 We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that A people under stress tend to have a poor memory B people who can t get their job done experience more stress C doing challenging work may be good for one s health D stress will weaken the body s defense against germs 54 In the experiment described in Paragraph 3 the video watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because A the video was not enjoyable at all B the outcome was beyond their control C they knew little about surgical procedures D they felt no pressure while watching the video 55 Dr Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that A a person s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body B stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain C short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function D a person s memory improves with continued experience of stress 10 V Cloze 10points Directions There are 20 blanks in the following passage For each bland there are four choices marked A B C and D on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Methods of studying vary what works 56 for some students doesn t work at all for others The only thing you can do is experiment 57 you find a system that does work for you But two things are sure 58 else can do your studying for you and unless you do find a system that works you won t although college Meantime there are a few rules that 59 for everybody The hint is don t get 60 The problem of studying 61 enough to start with becomes almost 62 when you are trying to do 63 in one weekend 64 the fastest readers have trouble 65 that And if you are behind in written work that must be 66 the t