专业英语教学法(2)试题.doc

英语(教)专业英语教学法(2)试题Information for the examinees:This examination consists of THREE sections. They are:Section I: Basic Theories and Principles (30 points, 20 minutes)Section II: Problem Solving (30 points, 50 minutes)Section I: Mini-lesson Plan (40 points, 50 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing thisexamination is 2 hours.Section I: Basic Theories and Principles 30 pointsQuestions 1-15 are based on this part.Directions: Choose the best answer from A, B or C for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.1. What kind of cohesive devices is used to llnk sentences through signaling relationshipsbetween sentences by means of anaphora or back reference?A. Cohesive devices that indicate meaning relationships between or within sentences, such as apart from, in order to, since, however, not only, and but also.B. Grammatical devices that establish links to form the cohesion of a text, such as it, this, the, here, that, and so on.C. Lexieal devices that use the repetition of key words or synonymous words to link sentences together.2. What will a good writer usually do in the pre-writing stage of the writing process? A. Make decisions on the purpose, the audience, the contents, and the outline of the writing. B. Concentrate on getting the content right first and leave the details like correcting spelling, punctuation, and grammar until later. C. Develop a revising checklist to pinpoint the weaknesses of his/her writing and focus on the flaws likely to appear in their drafts.3. Writing exercises like completion, reproduction, compression, and transformation are mainly the type of exercises used in which writing task? A. Controlled writing. B. Guided writing. C. Free writing.4. Which type of grammar tends to teach you how the grammar is used by the people rather than how it should be used? A. Descriptive grammar. B. Prescriptive grammar. C. Traditional grammar.5. When students are given the structure in an authentic or near authentic context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves, what kind of method their teacher is using? A. Deductive grammar teaching. B. Inductive grammar teaching. C. Traditional grammar teaching.6. In which stage of the Presentation-Practice-Production approach will students have the chance to use the new language freely and incorporate it into their existing language? A. Presentation Stage. B. Practice Stage. C. Production Stage.7. How can we help students to memorize a new word more effectively? A. Put the new word in a context, relate it to known words, and use illustrations. B. Pre-teach the new word of a text, pronounce it correctly, and group it. C. Put the new word in a list of unconnected words with illustrations.8. Which of the following techniques can best present the word pollution? A. Show or draw a picture. B. Give a definition or an example. C. Demonstrate the meaning by acting or miming.9. Whether two words go together with each,other, or not is anissue:of what? A. Connotation. B. Register. C. Collocation.10. Among the following factors that may affect a lesson plan, which one includes classroom size? A. Human factors. B. Physical conditions. C. Syllabus and testing.11. What are the most important parts of a lesson plan? A. Textbooks and classroom aids. B. Anticipation of problems and flexibility in dealing with them. C. Objectives of the lesson and procedure to achieve them;12. Why do we need to design tasks to supplement the textbook? A. Textbooks usually.are not well written. B; Textbooks need adaptations t0 fit the needs of their:target students. C. Textbooks only cover a limited amount Of language skills.13. Among the five subcategories of classroom management, that is people, language, environment, organization and tools, which of the following elementscan be classirfied under environment? A. Textbook, exercise book, teachersbook; and blackboard, B. interaction between teacher and students.; C. Arrangement of :desks and chairs.14. What role does a teacher take to create an environment in which learning can take place? A. Instructor? B. Manager. C. Assessor,15. Whole class teaching, pair work, group work, and games are activities under which subcategory: of classroom management? A. People. B. Environment. C. Organization.Section II: Problem Solving 30 pointsQuestions 16 20 are based on this,part;Directions: Below. are five situations in the classroom. Each has a problem. First, identify theproblem. Second. provide your solution according to the communicative language teachingprinciples. You should elaborate on the problem (s) and solution(s) properly. Write youranswer on the AnswerSheet.16. In a writing class, the teacher asks the students to wnre an article about their hometown. To help the;students, the teacher also provides a well-written article about hometown by a famous writer as a sample. Students are instructed to follow the style and the organization of ideas of the sample article.17. In a grammar class, the teacher teaches the use of some and any in the following way: A. Explains the rules of their usage. B. Provides some eaxamples bo illustrate the usage of the two words. C. Ask the students to do pattern dills. D. Ask the students bo apply th? rules to given situations.18. When teaching a new reading passage, the teacher writes all the new words on the blackboard and asks the students to look them up in dictionaries. Then the teacher explains the meamng of these new words in simple English, usually by providing some examples of their usage. Sometimes, the teacher may provide the Chinese versions for these words. After dealing with the vocabulary, the teacher will then shift their focus to the reading passage.19. When preparing a lesson, some teachers just rely on the teachers book, Before teaching a lesson, they will just look up the new words in the dictionary and copy paraphrases from the teacher s book onto the student s hook. In class, they will just follow the instructions provided by the teachers hook.20. This is a traditional classroom. The students desks are arranged neatly in rows and columns, while the teachers desk is placed in the front of the classroom on a platform. The teacher comes into the classroom. All students stand up to greet the teacher and the teacher greets back. Then the teacher starts to talk and the students start to take notes. From time to time, the teacher :will ask some questions to the whole class, and those students who know the answers will respond. At other times, the teacher will point at an individual student and asks a question. The teacher also asks the students to do some readings or exercises quietly in class. As the students finish their job, the teacher collects their work and tells them that they will get feedback over the next week.Section II: Mini-lesson Plan 40 pointsQuestions 21 and 22 are based on this part.Directions: Read the two texts below and complete the teaching plans. Write your answer on theAnswer Sheet.21. Please design a writing activity for a writing class based on the following instruction:Study the two texts, which are based on information given in the table. Then write similartexts of your own, to form part of a letter telling someone how to get to a place.DestinationAlternatives1 2 Time for1 2 Airportsports groundsupermarketcinemahospitalrailway stationcoach taxitube bustaxi buson foot taxibus on foottaxi bus1/2 hour 20mins10mins 20mins5mins 10mins1/2 hour 5 mins Use any suitable period of timeText 1You can goto the airport either by coach or by taxi. If you go by coach, it takes at least halfan hour. By taxi, on the other hand, it takes only ten minutes. For that reason, I suggestthe second possibility.Text 2There are two ways of getting to the sports ground: either by tube or by bus. By tube it onlytakes ten minutes, while if you go by bus, on the other hand, it may take you over twentyminutes. My advice to you then, is to go by tube.Type of the activity (e. g. brainstorming, information gap, role-play, problem- solving, etc. ) Objective(s) of the activityClassroom organization of the activityTeacher s role (s)Students role (s)Teacher working timeStudent working timeTeaching aid(s)Predicated problem(s)Solution(s) Procedures1)2)3)4)22. You are going to teach some vocabulary about temperature. Please design a vocabulary activity based on the following instruction:Look at the box below and try to find out the meaning of each word in a dictionary. Thenarrange the words to show their differences in the degree of temperature. Finally, try tomake a sentence using each of the words.freezing cold chilly cool mild warm hotType of the activity (e. g. brainstorming, information gap, role-play, problem- solving, etc. ) Objective(s) of the activityClassroom organization of the activityTeacher s role (s)Students role (s)Teacher working timeStudent working timeTeaching aid(s)Predicated problem(s)Solution(s) Procedures1)2)3)4)理论翻译与实践一、选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）：1. 明朝末年的翻译家徐光启主要从事- -的翻译。A. 佛教经典 B. 文学作品 C. 科技著作 D. 哲学著作2. 马氏文通的作者马建忠提出了“- -”的翻译观点。A. 善译 B. 化境 C. 神似 D. 信、达、雅3. 出版后即风靡海内的巴黎茶花女遗事是- -的译作。A严复 B. 林纾 C. 林语堂 D. 梁实秋4.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于- -的形式。A. 词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段5. 翻译是一种（ ）的交际活动。A 跨语言，跨文化，跨社会 B. 跨语言C 跨语言，跨社会 D. 跨语言，跨社会6. 翻译的理想单位是：_。（ ）A 篇章 B. 句子 C.词语 D. 单词7下列四个语言特点中，- -不是广告英语的特点。A. 多祈使句 B. 多后置定语 C. 多新词汇 D. 多常用词汇8. 鲁迅曾提出过“- -”的翻译观点。A. 宁顺而不信 B. 宁信而不顺C. 与其信而不顺，不如顺而不信D. 忠实、通顺、得体9“Do you see any green in my eye?”可以翻译为：_ _。A. 你从我的眼睛里看到绿颜色吗？B. 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？C. 你从我的眼睛里看到嫉妒的感觉吗？D. 你以为我在嫉妒你吗？10. “Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.” 意思为( )。A 昨夜我听见他把他的猪赶到市场。B 昨夜我听见鼾声如雷。C 昨夜我听见他开车把猪送到市场。D昨夜我听见他开车去了市场。11“to laugh off ones head” 被译为“笑掉大牙”，这是运用了什么翻译方法？ A直译法 B. 意译法 C. 汉语同义习语的套用法 D. 归化法12严复的“雅”是指：_ _。A指脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅。B指保存原作的风格。C指保持原作的形式。D以上的答案都不正确13“意义相符，功能相似”是指哪三种意义相符。（ ）A 指称意义，言内意义，语用意义B 表达意义，社交意义，祈使意义C 指称意义，联想意义，语用意义D 语法意义，音系意义，语用意义14. “他主要抓生产”应翻译为: ( ).A. He is mainly in charge of production.B. He mainly grasps production.C. He mainly appeals to production.D. He mainly stresses production.15. The first bombs missed the target”意思是 “第一批炸弹没有击中目标”,请问划线部分用了什么翻译方法.( )A. 正反,反正表达法 B. 意译法c. 直译法 D. 音译法16. “他们对我们的工作没有多大意见”应翻译为: ( ).A.They have no great opinion of our work.B.They dont have much complaint about our work.C.They have no idea of our work.D.They are unsatisfied with our work.17我国佛教的三大翻译家是指：_ _。A玄奘、鸠摩罗什、真谛B. 玄奘、林纾、徐光启C. 鸠摩罗什、徐光启、玄奘 D. 真谛、严复、鸠摩罗什18. 3. “Joan can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.”可以翻译成：_。A约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。B. 约翰为人可靠，他一向不吃鱼，而且经常玩游戏。C. 约翰被人依靠，他不吃鱼，玩游戏。D. 约翰依靠别人，他很忠诚，不喜欢玩游戏。19 “Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.”的正确翻译是：_ _。A. 鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子，所以我把她带到门口。B. 鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子，所以我把门指引给她看。C. 鲁丝使孩子难受，我就把她撵出去了。D. 鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把她撵了出去。20. “这山望着那山高”应翻译为: ( )A. It is always the other mountain that looks higher.B. People always think the grass is greener on the other side.C.The other mountain always looks higher.D.We like the other mountain which looks higher.21. “他的衣服穿烂了” 最恰当的翻译是: ( )A. His clothes are in shred.B. His clothes are worn-out.C. His clothes are too dirty.D. His clothes are too messy.22. “This is a most interesting book.” 下面哪句翻译最为恰当：_。A这是一本最有趣的书。B这是一本非常有趣的书。C这是一本较有趣的书。D这是一本有趣的书。23. “He took the chair at the board of directors”下面哪句翻译最为恰当：_。A他在公司的董事会上坐过那张椅子。B在公司的董事会上他担任主席。C他坐在董事会的办公室里。D以上任何一句翻译都是不恰当的。 二、问答题：1. 如何理解直译和意译之间的关系。11） 所谓直译，就是在不违背译语文化传统的前提下，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式（特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等），即尽量完全保留词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。 2）意译法是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求译文与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能相似的方法。意译不是任意乱译。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥于原文的形式。 3） 直译与意译应该互相兼容，而不应互相排斥。翻译实践中，在能确切地表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译法显然有可取之处。因为直译有助于保存原著的格调，亦即鲁迅所说的保持“异国情调”和“洋气”；同时，直译有助于不断从外国引起一些新鲜、生动的词语、句法结构和表达方法，使汉语变得丰富。 4）翻译时必须采取不同的手段，或意译或直译，要灵活处理。直译和意译的最终目的都是为了忠实表达原作的思想内容和文体风格，互不排斥，互不矛盾。译者必须善于把两者结合起来。其实，真正主张直译的人其实并不排斥意译，而是反对胡译、乱译；而主张意译的人也不是排斥直译，而是反对死译、硬译。直译容易出现“翻译症”，即追求机械对等；意译容易脱离原文本意，即随意乱译。 2如何理解严复的“信，达，雅”翻译标准？应包含以下三层意思：1）作为翻译标准，“信、达、雅”的提法简明扼要，又有层次，主次突出。三者之中，信和达更为重要，而信与达两者之中，信尤为重要。2）有一定的时代局限性。3）“雅”可以作不同的解释。严复认为的“雅”，是指脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅。这样就有人认为严复用一个“雅”字打消了“信”和“达”，但从积极的一面来看，严复重视译文文字润饰这一点却值得我们注意的。3. 玄奘的翻译标准是什么, 以及其对我国的翻译事业有些什么贡献?a)玄奘(602-664) “既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译标准，力求忠实与易懂并重。“五不翻”原则，总结音译法规律：w1、佛经密语须音译；2、佛典中的多义词需音译；w3、不存在相应概念的词只能音译；w4、已经约定俗成的古音译保留；5、为避免语义失真用音译。贡献：1）把佛经由梵文翻译成汉文 2）翻译一部分老子的作品，成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人。3）“五不翻”对保留原文的意义和效果、填补文化和语言差异照成的词义空缺以及引进外来词汇都具有重要意义。 4请简单叙述文化与翻译之间的关系。1）翻译是跨文化交际的桥梁。不同国家、民族之间不同文化的交流和渗透，都离不开翻译活动。总之，世界各国主要文化系统的发展都和翻译活动脱离不了关系。 2）“,我们在翻译时不能冒险将翻译的语言内容和文化分开来处理。”（英国译学理论家：Susan Bassnett） 因此，语言的翻译不仅是语符表层指称意义的转换，更是两种不同文化的相互沟通和移植，翻译既涉及两种语言，更涉及两种文化。3）在文化趋同的过程中，文化差异依然存在，不同的文化背景不可避免地会发生局部的交叉、冲突，从而给语言的翻译带来种种困难。因此，“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景中才有意义。”（Eugene A.Nida）综上所述，由于各个国家、民族的社会制度、自然环境、宗教信仰、民情风俗、思维方式和语言表达习惯等方面的差异，词汇的语义必然都印着民族文化的烙印，隐含着民族文化的内涵。跨文化交际中词汇的空白、冲突、寓意和联想的不一给语言翻译带来的障碍和困难是多种多样的，因此翻译不仅是两种语言的转换活动，更是沟通两种文化的交流和移植活动。 三、翻译句子1. Its more a poem than a picture.2. I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operation is more inventive and fruitful than others.3. He is the last person for such a job.4. Henry keeps boasting that he had talked to the President. (注意语言色彩，褒义还是贬义)5. There is a definite link between smoking and heart disease and lung cancer. But this doesnt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. (注意company的一词多义)6. Washington wants to maintain an American presence in that region. (注意presence 的具体含义)7. His fury was exaggerated.8. Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days. Sort of the fashion.9. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.10. Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them. 11. He put forward some new ideas to challenge the interest of all concerned.12On behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation and gracious hospitality we have received since we set foot on this charming land.13He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.14He carried on his age astonishingly well.15. Every life has its roses and thorns. 16. After all preparations were made, the plane took off.17. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.18. He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.19. They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.20. The emphasis was helped by the speakers mouth, which was wide, thin and hard set.1与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。2我可以对你说我这样说没有任何奉承之意中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有成果。3他最不配干这个工作。4他一直炫耀自己跟总统说过话。5抽烟和心脏病以及肺癌的确有联系。但这并不能使人们感到太大的不舒服，因为和你一样抽烟的人很多。6华盛顿想在那个地区维持美国的军事力量。7他大发雷霆，未免小题大做。8不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！9无知是恐惧的根源，也是钦佩的根源。10周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在欢迎来客招呼他们坐下，并询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。11我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，对我们一踏上这块充满魅力的土地便受到的友好款待，向东道主表示真诚的感谢。13他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。14他一点不显老。15. 人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。16. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。17. 他是一个正直诚实的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这个坏名声是不该有的。18. 他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。19. 他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。20. 讲话人那又阔又薄又紧绷甭的嘴巴，帮助他加强了语气。四、段落翻译：（1）The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week. The most common mode of instruction is the lecture. When lectures are the principal method of instruction in larger classes, regular periods may be set aside for small group discussions under the leadership of an assistant instructor.由一位教授和二三十名学生每周会晤两三次，每次授课时间45分钟到50分钟，是大学程度课堂教学的传统方式。最普遍的教学方式是讲课。较大的班以讲课为主要教学方法时，也会拨出一定时间由助教领导进行小组讨论。 （2）It was a fine day in early Spring. Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. In most of the tenements the windows were up. Clean-shaven men in collarless shirts or in underwear, women with aprons（围裙） or sloppy pink wrappers leaned on the sills （窗台）and gazed with aimless interest at the street, the sky, those who were passing below. 早春时节的一个晴天，大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日衣服的孩子正在街上玩球。这时简易公寓的窗户大都打开了。刚刮过脸的男人穿着汗衫、内衣，女人系着围裙或者披着邋遢的粉红罩衫，他们都靠在窗口漫无目的地望着天空和街上的行人。（3）FUZHOU(Xinhua) -Three journalists from Hong Kong were expelled from the mainland on Sunday afternoon by public security officers of South Chinas Fjujian Province, for violating the State Security Law. (注：这是一篇新闻报道，翻译时，并不强调译文和原文的格式完全统一.)三名香港记者擅自闯入我军事演习区域进行非法采访活动，在福建省被当地公安机关扣留。(4) Over twenty-eight years ago, adias gave birth to a new idea in sports shoes. And the people who wear our shoes have bee