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Unit 8 Getting Enough Sleep? Dream On Objective To know the concept of sleep debt To realize the consequences of sleep deprivation To know how to work off sleep debt Reading skillchoosing reading speed Time Arrangement Text: 1 hours Discussion: 1 hour Related Information Schemata activation ? To divide the whole class into six groups and ask each group to investigate the sleep condition of their team members ? Find out the problems and the solutions Preview Questions ? How long do you usually sleep every night? ? How do you wake up every morning, by alarm clock or by biological clock? How do you feel during the day time? How do you work off the sleepiness? Emphasized Points Key Words consequence : result be prone to: be likely to suffer tap: press perspective: view synchronize : cause to occur at the same time 6. sufficiently: adequately 7. apathetic: indifferent 8. mortality: death rate 9. impaired: weakened 10. optimally: best possibly 11. aptly: rightly Text Comprehension Structure Analysis Division Paragraph Main Idea Part I P1-p8 To introduce the topic of sleep debt Part II P9-p12 Sleep debt and the Mortgaged Mind Part III P13-p16 Wide awake but not rested Part IV P17-p21 Sleep and well-being Part V P22-p28 Toward a sleep-smart lifestyle Comprehension Questions Why did the author say his father was the finest man? What kind of mistakes do sleep-deprived people make? How did the volunteer perform his task during the experiment? What is the average amount of sleep that most people need? Why do we coin the term sleep dept rather than lack of sleep or sleep shortage? What is the result of sleep debt? Why do people wake up before the alarm clock goes off? Whats wrong with the clock-dependent alerting? What does Cathys case show? What happens to sleep debt in the long term? Why do people sleeping more than 10 hours tend to have shorter lives? What did the researchers do to their subjects for the study? What was the result their study? How could people adopt a sleep-smart lifestyle? Topic for Discussion How does the sleep debt affect our life? Is it possible to change our life style? How? What can we do to solve the contradiction of having too much to do and leaving too little time to sleep? Homework Exercises for reading skill Fast reading Home reading: Three hours to save your life Preview Unit 9 Text 1Getting Enough Sleep? Dream on1. Information Related to the Text1) Biological Clock: A biological clock is not like all clocks: it doesnt measure time passively like a sun dial and it doesnt measure a single interval and then stop like an hour glass. A biological clock is a self sustaining (i.e. it doesnt run down and need winding up like some watches and unlike the sundial will carry on telling the time even in the dark) oscillator that is linked to the environment around it and can be reset by it. Its most important function is that it times or controls an overt biological rhythm (such as the sleep-wake cycle) or some other form of biological timing (such as controlling when to enter hibernation or when to breed). Biological clocks then are physiological systems that enable organisms to live in harmony with the rhythms of nature, such as the cycles of day and night and of the seasons. 2) the ravelld sleeve of care: It comes William Shakespeares Macbeth (Act II, Scene II): MACBETH Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep, the innocent sleep, (2.2.33)Sleep that knits up the ravelld sleave of care,The death of each days life, sore labours bath,Balm of hurt minds, great natures second course, (2.2.36)Chief nourisher in lifes feast,-LADY MACBETH What do you mean? (2.2.37)MACBETH Still it cried Sleep no more! to all the house:Glamis hath murderd sleep, and therefore CawdorShall sleep no more; Macbeth shall sleep no more.2. Language Points1) Another patient went to great lengths to obtain a 50-yard-line ticket to a crucial San Francisco 49ers play-off game (还有位病人费了九牛二虎之力才弄到一张五十码线的门票，观看49淘金人协会在旧金山队举行的一场至为关键的加时赛)go to any/some/great, etc. lengths (to do sth) mean be prepared to do anything, something, a lot, etc. (to achieve sth) (为达到某目的)不顾一切,不遗余力e.g. They went to absurd lengths to keep the affair secret. There are no lengths to which an addict will not go to obtain his drug. She even went to the length of driving me home.2) Societal pressures to work more and at odd hours have reduced our sleep time over the past century by about 20 percent. (上个世纪，迫于社会压力，我们不得不加班加点，因而睡眠时间减少了约20。)odd here means not regular, or fixed; occasional.e.g. I take the odd bit of exercise, but nothing regular. Do you have an odd minute to help me with this?3) Its a timepiece of such astonishing precision that people often wake up a few minutes before their alarm clocks go off. (这种时钟准确得如此惊人，我们往往就在闹钟响前几分钟就会醒来。) go off means make a sudden, loud noise; be soundede.g. The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.4) You may have paid off those sleep-deprived stretches when you got sick shortly afterward and sleep 18 hours at a stretch. (或许你不久后病倒了，一睡就是十八个小时，这样的话，那些因剥夺了睡眠机会而造成的种种紧张感就被一扫而光了。)at a stretch means without stopping; continuouslye.g. She worked for six hours at a stretch.5) After years of further research, the original results still stand:(经过多年的深入调查，起初的结论依然成立：)stand means remain unchanged; remain valid. e.g. My offer still stands.Unit 8TextGetting Enough Sleep Dream OnDiscussion What is meat by sleep debt In what ways does it affect our life How can a person work off sleep debt consequencea phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled. 昨天下雨了,结果比赛被取消.It terrified me to contemplate the consequence of your action. 想到你行动的后果,我就感到害怕.He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam. 他努力学习,因此通过了考试.Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences. 这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果.pronehaving a tendency (to); often used in combination Hes prone to minor ailments. 他动不动就生点小病.He was prone to anger. 他易于发怒.The childis rather accident-prone. 那个小孩很容易出事儿.People are more prone to make mistakes when they are tired. 人们疲劳时更容易出差错.They stepped over his prone body. 他们从他俯卧的身体上踩过去.tappressThat girl tapped her fingers on the desk impatiently. 那个女孩不耐烦地用手指轻扣桌面.He cleaned his hands in the cold water from the tap. 他用自来水龙头流出的凉水把手洗干净.My phone is being tapped. 有人在窃听我的电话.perspectivea way of regarding situations or topics etc. The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of perspective. 那幅画给我们提供了采用透视画法的最早的范例.You must get the story in its right perspectives. 你必须正确地了解这件事.Artists didnt understand perspective in those days. 在那个年代艺术家们不懂透视法.synchronizehappen at the same time The sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致.The wheels must synchronize as they revolve. 这些轮子须同速转动.sufficientlyAdequatelyNow I can manage to made myself understood sufficiently in your language. 现在我能设法用你们的语言非常清楚地表达我的意思了.A relation between parties that is held to be sufficiently close and direct to support a legal claim on behalf of or against another person with whom this relation exists. 当事人的相互关系当事人之间关系密切,直接到足以支持对代表或紧靠这种关系中另一方的法律要求的关系She has not been sufficiently stretched at school this term. 她本学期功课不太紧张.apatheticmarked by a lack of interest Not that the people are apathetic, for they are curious about everything. 不是人们缺乏兴趣,而是他们对一切都很好奇.The new secretary is apathetic to her job. 这个新秘书对他的工作一点都不热衷.mortalityDeath rateThe mortality wrought by an epidemic. 由一传染病引起的大批死亡If this disease spreads, the doctors fear that therell be a high mortality. 如果这种病传播开来,医生们担心死亡率将会很高.Infant mortality (ie The rate at which babies die) was 20 deaths per thousand live births in 1986. 1986年的婴儿死亡率为生育成活率的千分之二十.impairmake worse or less effective On a communications link, noise or unwanted signals that impair the receipt or correct interpretation of speech or data. 在通信链路上出现的噪音或无用的信号,它损害语音,数据的接收或正确的解释.His illness has impaired his efficiency. 生病降低了他的效率.optimalmost desirable possible under a restriction expressed or impliedThe ergonomics of the new office were felt to be optimal. 新办公室工效设计因素感觉十分理想Text 2 Three Hours to Save Your Life1. Information Related to the Text1) a CAT scan: CAT comes from Computed Axial Tomography. CAT scans take the ideaof conventional X-ray imaging to a new level. Instead of finding the outline of bones and organs, a CAT scan machine forms a full three-dimensional computer model of a patients insides. Doctors can even examine the body one narrow slice at a time to pinpoint specific areas.2) FDA : The Food and Drug Administration is a team of dedicated professionals working to protect, promote and enhance the health of the American people. FDA is responsible for ensuring that: Foods are safe, wholesome and sanitary; human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices are safe and effective; cosmetics are safe; and electronic products that emit radiation are safe. Regulated products are honestly, accurately and informatively represented. These products are in compliance with the law and FDA regulations; noncompliance is identified and corrected; and any unsafe or unlawful products are removed from the marketplace. 3) 9-1-1: The first use of 9-1-1 took place in Haleyville, Ala. in January 1968. The town had a population of approximately 4,500 and was serviced by the Alabama Telephone Company (ATC). The 9-1-1 number was intended to be an easy-to-remember, no-coin method of reaching the correct law enforcement, fire and EMS agencies. Congress had declared that 9-1-1 should be the national emergency number just weeks before and a man called Bill Frye, an ATC engineer, quickly made some changes to the companys small telephone system to accept 9-1-1 calls. A debate broke out about where 9-1-1 calls should be routed - to the police, fire department, or local hospital. Officials settled on the Haleyville police, and a red telephone. There was no ANI/ALI service with this first installation. The first 9-1-1 call from Haleyville was made by Alabama Speaker of the House Rankin Fite on February 16, 1968 to Tom Bevill, a U.S. Representative. Later, the two said they exchanged greetings, hung up and had coffee and doughnuts. 2.Language Points1) Had Zanes Cypress suffered a stroke a few years earlier, the outcome would have been far grimmer, for doctors could have done little to help him.(倘若赞恩斯塞浦瑞斯几年前中风的话，结果可能就会可怕得多，要知道当时医生几乎不能做什么来帮助他。)这是由 if引导的非真实条件句,表示可能,能力或允许,与过去事实相反. 从句用had done ,主句用would/ should/could/mighthave done.当if省略时,从句倒装.e.g. If our documents had been in order, we could have left at once.2) then let nature take its course and focus on recovery (然后听其自然，关注病人康复)take/run its course means develop as is usual; proceed to the usual end.e.g. We can not cure the diseases; it must run its course. The decision cant be reversed; the law must take its course.3) Meanwhile, scientists are testing chemicals to counteract the otherwise irreversible self-destruction of brain cells following a stroke. (科学家们正在测试化学药品，试图阻止中风过后大脑细胞不可避免的自毁行为。)otherwise means in another or a different way.e.g. He should have been working but he was otherwise engaged.4) One reason is that most people are still not aware that the damage of a stroke can often be reversed, provided the victim gets immediate care.（原因之一是，大多数人，包括医学行业的一些成员，尚未意识到只要患者得到及时的护理，中风的损伤常常是可以修复的。）provided (also provided that, providing, providing that) means on the condition or understanding that e.g. I will agree to go provided my expenseGet a good nights sleepLike eating well and being physically active, getting a good nights sleep is vital to your wellbeing. Here are 13 tips to help you:Stick to a sleep schedule. Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day, even on the weekends.Exercise is great but not too late in the day. Avoid exercising closer than 5 or 6 hours before bedtime. Avoid caffeine and nicotine. The stimulating effects of caffeine in coffee, colas, teas, and chocolate can take as long as 8 hours to wear off fully. Nicotine is also a stimulant. Avoid alcoholic drinks before bed. A nightcap might help you get to sleep, but alcohol keeps you in the lights stages of sleep. You also tend to wake up in the middle of the night when the sedating effects have worn off. Avoid large meals and beverages late at night. A large meal can cause indigestion that interferes with sleep. Drinking too many fluids at night can cause you to awaken frequently to urinate. Avoid medicines that delay or disrupt your sleep, if possible. Some commonly prescribed heart, blood pressure, or asthma medications, as well as some over-the-counter herbal remedies for coughs, colds, or allergies, can d