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Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical IndicatorsSurface Areais a country total area including land area and inland water bodies, but excluding offshore territorial waters.Land Areais a countrys total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.Population Densityis number of persons in the total population for a given year per squarekilometreof total surface area.ArableAreaincludesland defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Data for “Arable land” are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable.Permanent CropAreaisthe land cultivated with long-term crops which do not have to be replanted for several years (such as cocoa and coffee); land under trees and shrubs producing flowers, such as roses and jasmine; and nurseries (except those for forest trees, which should be classified under forest). Permanent meadows and pastures are excluded from land under permanent crops.ForestAreaisland under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.Renewable Internal Freshwater ResourcesFlowsreferto internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.Annual Freshwater Withdrawalsrefer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes.DeforestedAreaisthe permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuel-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires.National ProtectedAreasaretotally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as scientific reserves with limited public access, national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes, and areas managed mainly for sustainable use. Marine areas, unclassified areas, and littoral (intertidal) areas are excluded. The data also do not include sites protected under local or provincial law.ThreatenedSpeciesarethe number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.HigherPlantsarenative vascular plant species (flowering plants only).CarbonDioxideEmissionsare those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.Particulate Matter Concentrationsrefer to the concentrations of fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10)percubic meter.Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical IndicatorsGross Domestic ProductAn aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). The sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers prices, less the value of imports of goods and services, or the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.Gross Domestic Product at CurrentPriceisGDP at prices of the current reporting period. Also known as nominal GDPGross Domestic Product at ConstantPricerefersto the volume level of GDP. Constant price estimates of GDP are obtained by expressing values in terms of a base period. In theory, the price and quantity components of a value are identified and the price in the base period is substituted for that in the current period. Two main methods are adopted in practice.Expenditure-based GDPis total final expenditure at purchasers prices (including final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, valuables and f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services), less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services.Income-basedGDPiscompensation of employees, plus taxes less subsidies on production and imports, plus gross mixed income, plus gross operating surplus.Output-basedGDPisthe sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.Describes the generation of gross value added by industrial classification of economic activities according to the International Standard Industrial Classification.GDP at MarketPricesisthe sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at market prices, plus taxes less subsidies on imports.GDP percapitaisgross domestic product divided by midyear population. Data are in current U.S. dollars.Gross NationalIncomeisGDP less net taxes on production and imports, less compensation of employees and property income payable to the rest of the world plus the corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world (in other words, GDP less primary incomes payable to non- resident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident units). An alternative approach to measuring GNI at market prices is as the aggregate value of the balances of gross primary incomes for all sectors (note that gross national income is identical to gross national product (GNP) as previously used in national accounts generally). GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France,Germany,Japan, theUnited Kingdom, and theUnited States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area,Japan, theUnited Kingdom, and theUnited States.GNI per Capita inPPPGNIper capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in theUnited States.Gross ValueAddedisthe value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector; gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the SNA are generated and is therefore carried forward into the primary distribution of income account.Gross Value Added at BasicPricesOutputvalued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable, and plus any subsidy receivable, on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale; it excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.Gross Value Added at FactorCostisGVA at market prices less any indirect taxes plus any subsidies.Gross Value Added at Producer Pricesis output valued at producer prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers of prices.Three Strata ofIndustryTheorigin is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3.Primary Industry named as agriculture, corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production.Secondary Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), electricity, gas and water supply, construction.Tertiary Industry named as services, corresponds to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling.Gross CapitalFormationisthe total value of the gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables.Capital FormationRatenamelyinvestment rate, refers to gross capital formation as percentage of gross domestic product.Household Final ConsumptionRaterefersto householdfinal consumption expenditure as percentage of gross domestic of product.Household Final Consumption Expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country.ConsumptionExpenditureisthe sum of household final consumption expenditure and general government final consumption expenditure. This estimate includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources.General Government Final Consumption Expenditureincludes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditure on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.OperatingSurplusmeasuresthe surplus or deficit accruing from production before taking account of any interest, rent or similar charges payable on financial or tangible non-produced assets borrowed or rented by the enterprise, or any interest, rent or similar receipts receivable on financial or tangible non-produced assets owned by the enterprise (forunincorporated enterprises owned by households, this componentis called mixed income).Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical IndicatorsTotal populationis based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship-except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates.Age Dependency Ratiois the ratio of dependents-people younger than 15 or older than 64-to the working-age population-those ages 15-64.Crude Birth Rateis the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.Crude Death Rateis the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.Total Fertility Rateis the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.Adolescent Fertility Rateis the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19.Contraceptive Prevalence Rateis the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49 only.Maternal Mortality Ratiois the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births.Infant Mortality Rateis the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1000 live births in a given year.Life Expectancy at Birthis the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.Crude Marriage Rateis the number of marriages occurring in a population during a given period of time, usually a calendar year, i.e., the number of marriages occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year per 1000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.Crude Divorce Rateis the number of divorces occurring in a population during a given period of time, usually a calendar year, i.e., the number of divorces occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year per 1000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.Urban Populationis the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations.Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical IndicatorsTotal LaborForcecomprisespeople ages 15 and older who meet the InternationalLabourOrganization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, theunemployed,and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.Employmentcompriseall persons above a specific age who during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:(1)paid employment:at work: persons who during the reference period performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;with a job but not at work:personswho, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job. This formal job attachment should be determined in the light of national circumstance, according to one or more of the following criteria: 1) the continued receipt of wage or salary; 2) an assurance of return to work following the end of the contingency, or an agreement as to the data of return; 3) the elapsed duration of absence from the job which, wherever relevant, may be that duration for which workers can receive compensation benefits without obligations to accept other jobs.(2)self-employment:at work: person who during the reference period performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;with an enterprise but not at work:personswith an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking ,who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.Unemploymentcomprises all persons above a specified age who during the reference period were: (1) Without works were not in paid employment or self-employment; (2) Currently available for work were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; (3) Seeking work had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment. The specific steps may include registration at a pubic or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisement; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; applying for permits and licenses, etc.UnemploymentRateillustratesthe relative severity of unemployment. These rates are calculated by relating the number of persons in the given group who are unemployed during the reference period (usually a particular day or a given week) to the total of employed and unemployed persons in the group at the same date.Earningsrelates to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers contribution in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude sever