PETS5真实考题-2012-12.docx

杭州朗思教育 听力1、 判断：fiber 、men 、women、Soluble Fiber？According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, adults in the United States consume about half of the recommended intake for fiber. Since fiber plays a role in weight management, lack of dietary fiber may be one cause of high rates of overweight and obesity in the United States. A study published in a 2010 edition of the “American Journal of Clinical Nutrition” found that higher fiber intakes help prevent weight and waist-circumference gains.Fiber Guidelines, MenMen require more fiber than women, since they generally require more calories each day to maintain a healthy body weight. Adequate intake levels, or minimum daily requirements, for fiber are based on a mans age. Older adults require less fiber because calorie requirements decrease with age. According to the Institute of Medicine, adequate intake levels for fiber are 38 grams per day for men ages 19 to 50 and 30 grams of fiber each day for men ages 50 and older.Fiber Guidelines, WomenFederal fiber guidelines for women are slightly lower than for men. Adequate fiber intake levels are 25 grams per day for women ages 19 to 50 and 21 grams of fiber per day for those ages 50 and older, according to the Institute of Medicine. Women older than age 49 require less fiber because they require fewer calories each day for weight maintenance.Soluble FiberSoluble fiber plays a role in reducing high cholesterol levels and heart disease risks. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, men and women should consume at least 5 to 10 grams of soluble fiber each day and preferably 10 to 25 grams to help lower high LDL cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber is mainly found in oats, barley, psyllium seeds, fruits and legumes.High-Fiber FoodsMany high-fiber foods contain soluble and insoluble fiber, which are both beneficial for weight management. High-fiber foods can increase satiety and help you feel full for a longer period of time. A 2005 review article published in the journal “Nutrition” reports that increasing high-fiber foods can improve weight-loss success and help achieve a healthy body weight. High-fiber foods include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds.2、单选：3、填空：一个人在某非营利组织工作；donation Czech Republic win-win situation听力 part C 全文When people say that I invented the Donors Message Service (DMS) that raises money for charity, its easy to get the wrong idea. The texting technology was already there, it was just my idea to use it in a new way. Premium rate SMS or text messaging is used for buying ring tones or voting via text. My idea was to use the same tools to get Czechs to give money to charity. Because of communism, we didnt have much of a charitable tradition here. But last year, through sending DMSs, Czechs donated Kc38m (about 920,000) to dozens of different non-profit groups. As far as I know, the Czech Republic is the only country in the world where you can send a text message as a way of giving to charity.Heres how I got the idea. Six or seven years ago, when I was working at a non-profit organisation concerned with corporate social responsibility, I attended a conference in Budapest on Africa, Aids and public health. I wanted to visit a particular seminar, but it was full when I arrived. So I went into another room, not knowing the topic. It was a seminar on individual giving, and I almost left. At that time, there was almost no donating by individuals in my country. We in the non-profit sector had been focused on raising money from institutional foundations such as Soros, and on state grants for NGOs. But we had almost no experience with individual giving, and most of us thought it could never work in eastern Europe.As it turned out, in just one hour this seminar completely changed my thinking. The seminar leader, an American, asked us: ”In the last two months, how many of you supported a charity?” Almost no one raised their hand. Then he asked why nobody had made a donation. No one had an answer. He turned a sheet on a flip chart. It showed that 85 per cent of people said they didnt support a charity because they were never asked.This got me thinking of ways to make it really simple for Czechs to make donations. I wondered if we could collect donations via text message, which is quick and easy and a new technology that young people will use.So I started to discuss this with the main wireless providers in the Czech Republic. They agreed to set up a single number to which people could send an SMS and make donations to a variety of charities, big and small. They included a group that helps young gay prostitutes and another that feeds hungry children. The mobile operators recognised its a win-win situation and agreed to take money only for overheads and forego their profits. We set a very modest price, Kc30 (72 pence), which anyone can give.The programme really took off in 2004, when a terrible storm hit the High Tatra mountains in Slovakia, which is a favourite holiday destination for Czechs. Trees were toppled everywhere, and Czechs really wanted to help. Some TV programmes started putting out the name of a group that was doing recovery work, and explained how people could donate to them via DMS. Suddenly, people discovered the DMS, and in the end the Czechs collected far more money than the Slovaks.When the programme started I guessed it would work if one million DMSs could be sent every year - that would mean one for every 10 people in the Czech Republic. Last year, Czechs sent 1.5 million DMSs, so its a big success. Now were talking with groups in Slovakia, Bulgaria, Germany and the UK about setting up similar programmes.I was 23 when the Velvet revolution happened. It was an incredibly exciting time for all of us. My formal education had been in teacher training, and in the 1990s I got involved with groups that were working to modernise Czech schools and teaching methods. For a time, I worked at the Czech Education Ministry, where I was in charge of European Structural Funds. Over the past 10 years, Ive been overseeing people and budgets, and I realised at some point that I needed to get proper training in management. So last year I enrolled in an executive MBA programme. Its an external course, and I enjoy it, but Ive been participating in seminars and educational programmes for years, so its not really a big change.One of the most satisfying moments for me was when a friend who has a pub told me about a group of men who had come in. They were sitting at their table and drinking beer and talking about their wives and football. All of a sudden, someone said: ”Lets go - well have a cigarette and send some DMSs.” Five or six guys stood up and went outside and smoked their cigarettes, and then, just like in a hockey match, they did a countdown, and hit ”send” on their mobile phones all at once. They were sending DMSs to help the victims of the Asian tsunami. I was really moved when I heard that story.完型阅读1、 常规阅读：AB printable articleOriginally published December 31 2007RIAA Declares Using Brain to Remember Songs is Criminal Copyright Infringement (satire)by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, NaturalNews Editor(NaturalNews Satire) On the heels of the RIAAs recent decision to criminalize consumers who rip songs from albums theyve purchased to their computers (or iPods), the association has now gone one step further and declared that remembering songs using your brain is criminal copyright infringement. The brain is a recording device, explained RIAA president Cary Sherman. The act of listening is an unauthorized act of copying music to that recording device, and the act of recalling or remembering a song is unauthorized playback.The RIAA also said it would begin sending letters to tens of millions of consumers thought to be illegally remembering songs, threatening them with lawsuits if they dont settle with the RIAA by paying monetary damages. We will aggressively pursue all copyright infringement in order to protect our industry, said Sherman.In order to avoid engaging in unauthorized copyright infringement, consumers will now be required to immediately forget everything theyve just heard - a skill already mastered by U.S. President George Bush. To aid in these memory wiping efforts, the RIAA is teaming up with Big Pharma to include free psychotropic prescription drugs with the purchase of new music albums. Consumers are advised to swallow the pills before listening to the music. The pills - similar to the amphetamines now prescribed for ADHD - block normal cognitive function, allowing consumers to enjoy the music in a more detached state without the risk of accidentally remembering any songs (and thereby violating copyright law).Consumers caught humming their favorite songs will be charged with a more serious crime: The public performance of a copyrighted song, for which the fines can reach over $250,000 per incident. Humming, singing and whistling songs will not be tolerated, said Sherman. Only listening and forgetting songs is allowed.Consumers attempting to circumvent the RIAAs new memory-wiping technology by actually remembering songs will be charged with felony crimes under provisions of the DMCA (Digital Millenium Copyright Act). The Act, passed in 1998, makes it a felony crime to circumvent copyright protection technologies. The RIAAs position is that consumers who actually use their brains while listening to music are violating the DMCA. We would prefer that consumers stop using their brains altogether, said Sherman.With this decision, the RIAA now considers approximately 72% of the adult U.S. population to be criminals. Putting them all in prison for copyright infringement would cost U.S. taxpayers an estimated $683 billion per year - an amount that would have to be shouldered by the remaining 28% who are not imprisoned. The RIAA believes it could cover the $683 billion tab through royalties on music sales. The problem with that? The 28% remaining adults not in prison dont buy music albums. That means album sales would plummet to nearly zero, and the U.S. government (which is already deep in debt) would have to borrow money to pay for all the prisons. And where would the borrowed money come from? China, of course: The country where music albums are openly pirated and sold for monetary gain.When asked whether he really wants 72% of the U.S. population to be imprisoned for ripping music CDs to their own brains, RIAA president Sherman shot back, You dont support criminal behavior do you? Every person who illegally remembers a song is a criminal. We cant have criminal running free on the streets of America. Its an issue of national security.NOTE: This is a satire report on the RIAA. That means its written as fictional humor. It does not yet represent the actual position of the RIAA, although from the way things are going, the association may soon adopt it. Permission is granted to make copies of this story, redistribute it, post it and e-mail it (please provide proper credit and URL) as long as you do not actually remember it because copying to your brain is now strictly prohibited. Any attempts to circumvent the memory-based copyright restrictions on this article will result in your brain imploding, causing such an extreme loss of cognitive function that your only hope for any future career will be running for public office.C2、选段填空：简单些；名词复现基本可以解4题Global warming is unlike any crisis humanity has faced before, but we are better equipped to deal with it than many of us realise, says Spencer Weart WHEN my mother learned she was pregnant with me, my parents sat down one Sunday morning to review their finances. Turning on the radio for a little light music, they pencilled some calculations for the savings they would need to make to pay for my college education. The music paused for an announcement that Japanese airplanes were attacking Pearl Harbor. The notes went into the wastebasket.Such was life back then: surprised repeatedly by wars and revolutions, by the rise and collapse of ideologies like fascism and communism, and by periods of raging inflation and catastrophic depression, few could confidently predict what their lives would be like even a decade ahead.Not so today. For all the upheaval of the past half-century, this has been by far the most tranquil period ever. Unlike any of their forebears, a majority of the worlds young adults have good reason to develop plans for their old age. They know they will probably live to see the greenhouse-warmed planet of the late 21st century.As such, global warming poses an unprecedented problem. For the first time in history, we have learned with scientific precision of grave calamities in store, and find we must change the very basis of the world economy. The remarkable thing is that our society appears to be responding. This also is unprecedented: never in history have people roused themselves against such a distant threat. Millions of people and whole governments are addressing the issue. Even in the US army, senior officers are studying the implications for their organisation and looking for ways to reduce emissions. All this suggests that the pessimists who claim humanity is unable to rise to the challenge have got it wrong.Of course, it is no use having a long-term perspective without the means to do something about it. Fortunately, our social and political mechanisms are progressing swiftly. Our civilisation has grown more stable not only because scientific advances have doubled life expectancy, but also because we have multiplied our capacity to store, transmit and analyse information. Since 1990 both the volume and speed of traffic on the internet have doubled every two years or less. We are also much better informed than a generation ago about how society works.The past century has brought social progress as dramatic as that in industry. Economic stability, for example, is no accident: it is engineered by an international network of central banks, steadily expanding their cooperation. Non-governmental organisations provide new services, from the certification of fair trade coffee to secret cash transfers. In 1948, the UN formally consulted with 41 NGOs; it now consults with more than 1600. This growth is driven not only by better communications and new ideas, but more importantly by the spread of democracy. Half the worlds population now lives under democratic government. It is almost exclusively in these nations that the new cooperative institutions have been created.Almost every week we see these powerful tools applied in novel ways. Consider what happened recently when Texas power company TXU revealed plans to build a dozen coal-fired plants that would emit vast amounts of carbon dioxide. An alliance of environmentalist NGOs spotlighted the development on the internet. Meanwhile, an international financial consortium took an interest. After intense negotiations, the consortium won the environmentalists public blessing to buy TXU by promising to sharply reduce the planned emissions. The NGOs held no political office and wielded no investment billions; their power came from the skilful organisation of a million mouse clicks.Most unexpected of all is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The IPCC was created by conservatives to forestall alarmist declarations from self-appointed committees of scientists. Governments committed the IPCC to repeated rounds of study and debate, forbidding any announcement except by unanimous consensus. It seemed a sure formula for paralysis. However, the power of democratic methods, combined with rational argument, overcame all obstacles. The IPCC has evolved into a robust transnational institution that provides authoritative conclusions of grave significance. It is, again, unprecedented.These developments are nowhere near enough to guarantee we can meet the challenge of climate change. Time is short and the prospect of even partial success remains uncertain. Yet we can avoid catastrophe by mobilising our ingenuity and community spirit. Addressing global warming will require less sacrifice than defeating fascism and communism, but more foresight - and that is exactly what we have been acquiring. If humanitys track record with long-term problems shows mostly indifference and failure, that need not set a precedent for our future.3、快速阅读：内容是四种型号的汽车，只有一道题有明显的专有名词可以定位写作250词计划生育（family-planning policy：continue/modify）Your opinion，理由support your argument口语：PETS5口语（黄色，小封面，外教出版社），我的：1、家乡；学校与专业；考pets5的目的2、Job satisfaction（paid holidays、sense of achievement、opportunity of promotion）3、有没有必要在发达地区推行12年义务教育？（同伴：why导致肥胖的原因）其他：第二部分是低碳生活。选项有公交，度假选择更近的地方，替代能源，少坐飞机，节省水、电等。第三部分A的题有关于家庭教育的，独生子女的问题，解决方法；还有提供给学生就业指导问题等。B的题的有个人财产存银行问题；还有家庭养宠物的问题。PartB低碳生活的几种方式，包括少使用交通工具，少做飞机，节约用水用电等PartC我topic选的年轻人应不应该把一部分钱存银行；搭档选的大学是不是应该为学生提供就业指导等帮助。partc 有至少9个题目 我们三个人 我选的是 城市人养狗作为宠物 二号选的是 结婚的影响因素 三号选的是结婚是否买房答案（网友回忆版）：听力第一部分好像是 TTFTF FFFTTGreenhouse 是猜得听力第二部分的第二题王冰欣的模拟题有的，答案是 working in the museum, improve quality, 有trust的那一项。Plos one 那一项也是猜得听写，好像是1. charity foundations（应为charitable tradition）2.Non-profit 3. individual foundations(不确定）（应为institutional foundations）4. changed the situation（不确定）（应为changed his thinking）5. 85%6. win-win situation7.other Eur