英美概况名词解释部分期末考重点.doc

Melting pot(大熔炉):It meant that as immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States,their old ways of life melt away and they became part of the American culture.CIA(中央情报局)：the Central Intelligence Agency Pilgrims(朝圣者)：It refers to the first Anglo-Saxon Protestants immigrated into North America.Beat Generation(垮掉一代)：A group of dissatisfied American writers of the 1950s,started to expressed their opposition,rejected the traditional mainstream thought based on Anglo-Saxon culture and started the counterculture.Vice president(副总统)：He is the second-highest executive officical of the government,he does not cast his ballot unless the vote is tired.Freedom of speech(言论自由)：you can say whatever you want WTO（世界贸易组织）：world trade organization.The basis of American culture（美国文化基础）1. pursuit of freedom and equality.2. principle of democracy.3. the emphsis on education.4. love of nature and landcapes.5. The desire to possess land.6. dash and darling in making experiment.and the American Ethnic Group(美国种族) The United States is a nation of over 100 ethnic groups.1. white people:The majority of Americans are white people who account for about 78% of the total US population.2. black people:about 35 millon in 2000,account for about 12% of the total US population.3. the Hispanics:It is estimated that there are 28 million Hispanics who make up about 10% of the total population.4. the Chinese-Americans:There are about 28 million Chinese immigrants and their descendants living in the US today.5. Jewish-Americans:Today there are more than 6 million Jews in American,accounting for more that 2% the US population.American Congress（美国国会）:Congress is composed of two chambers the senate and the House of representatives.The House（参议院）:It has 435 members.The House has some exclusive that it does not share with the senate.Thses include the impeachment power and the initiation of revenue bills.Congress men must be at least 25 years old and over.The Senate（众议院）:The Senate comprises 100 Senators,two from each of the fifty states.The term of office is six years.A senator must be at least thirty years of age and citizen of the US for 9 years.Political paries（政党）:Amerecan politics is based on two-party system two major political parties are the Democratic party and the Republican party.The Democratic party:1.It was found in the 1790s.2.The symbol is donkey.3.It is more liberal.4.It is active in providing social services and economic help to be the disadvantaged,such as the poor,the unemployed and old.The Republican Party（共和党）:1.It was found in 1854.2.The symbol is an elephant.3.It is more conservative.4.Most believe in supply-side economics,and place emphasis on priate enterprise often accuse the Democrats of making the government too expensive and of creating too many lathews that harm individual initiative.美国国会的职能 Functions of congress1.to make law 2.to levy and collect taxes 3.to coin money and regulate its value 4.to provide for common defense 5.to promote the pursuit of liberty The powers of president 美国总统的权利1 the propose legislation to the Congress2 to vote any bill passed by Congress3 to appoint federal judges and senior officials of the government4 to issue regulations and directives简要论述美国经济迅速增长的几个因数：The fast growth of the American economy has been contributable to many factors:1 The geographical location of the U.S. provides very good conditions for the country to grow and become strong.2the U.S has been by being a land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with a moderate climate.3American has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labor necessary for a constantly expanding economy.4The U.S has a skillful and willing labor force. The American labor force is not only hard-working ,but also willing to experiment, to change and to learn new technology.Contribution Factors to Am EconomyMany factors have contributed to the development of American industries 1.The vast territory and natural resources 2.The endless streams of immigrants 3.New ideas, news skills new cultures brought by immigrants 4. The privilege of immunity from foreig