中级口译翻译.docx

03年3月英译中If theres a threat of dangerous deflationa general fall in pricesthe causes lie as much in Europe and Japan as in the United States. The inevitable collapse of Americas speculative boom need not have been especially damaging if the worlds other advanced economies were healthy. Their expanding appetite for imports would have bolstered the United States and so-called emerging market countries, from Brazil to South Korea. The trouble is that other advanced economies arent healthy. Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the worlds three major economies. Prices drop because theres too little global demand chasing too much global supplyeverything from steel to shoes. Japans ills are well known its banks are awash in bad loans. Less understood (at least in the United States) is the fact the Europes troubles stem significantly from Germany. Germany is Europes “sick man”, just as Japan is Asias. Only 15 years ago, these countries seemed poised to assume leadership of the world economy. Now they are dragging it down.【参考译文】 如果通货紧缩即（消费品）价格普遍下跌（的现象）会带来危害，欧洲、日本同样还有美国难逃其咎。如果世界上其它发达经济体良好，（即使）美国投机热不可避免地覆灭，（也）不会带来特别的危害。那些国家热衷于进口，确实给美国和一些所谓新兴市场国家如巴西、韩国打了一针强心剂。不过）问题在于其它发达经济体并不完善。如果全球三大经济体同时下滑，通货紧缩就会产生。从钢铁业到鞋业，全球需求急剧萎缩，而供给却源源不断，从而/这样就会导致商品价格下跌。众所周知的是，日本的症结在于银行不良贷款的冲击。但有一点全世界（至少美国）搞不太明白，即欧洲国家的经济问题主要由德国引起。德国是欧洲的病根，就像日本是亚洲的病根一样，仅仅15年前，这些国家曾信誓旦旦地想要扛起全球经济的领导大旗，而现在却在拖后腿。中译英中国改革开放以来，国民经济年均增长速度达到9.7%。中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，投向了西部，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会越来越多。西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。中译英【参考译文】 Since the adoption of opening and reform policy, Chinas annual growth of national economy has reached 9.7%. China has developed into a big market attractive to the world.Numerous/A number of entrepreneurs of foresight around the world have cast their eye to China, especially the west China and gained abundant profit/profitability from investment.After Chinas entry into the WTO, there are more and more opportunities for foreign businessmen to join in the development of the West.The Great Western Development is sure to be a bridge between China and the rest world, which promotes/promoting the common development and prosperity of China and the world.03年9月英译中The expansion of the universities since the beginning of World War II and the great increase in number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters, symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers who are now employed by practical men in all institutions. These people, called intellectuals in the sense that they deal with symbols and ideas, have become professionalized in exactly the same sense as the engineer. Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and subsidies for their research. The professors project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget. The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigators independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts. The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent among professional intellectuals.英译中【参考译文】 第二次世界大战以来，大学的数目不断增长，本科、甚至是博士毕业生也与日俱增，从而诞生了大批的技术人员、助手、演讲稿撰写人、徽章生产商、调查人员和政 策研究员，他们效力于各类务实的研究所中。这些人员主要解决符号和概念问题，与工程师几乎一样高度专业化，所以人们把它们称为知识分子。然而这些人员与工程师还有所不同他们不需从事繁重的日常例行工作，仅承担少量教学工作，同时享受政府研究津贴或补贴。教授项目预算是其最初的经济基础，使得教师得以在大学里保持独立。研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。大学的资金偿还在整个项目预算中占有重要比例。无论来自于政府或商界，项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上，即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金，因此调研人员要取得独立，就必须得到连续的研究项目。获得研究项目是知识分子的一种真正才能。中译英经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。中国政府坚持实行以扩大内需为主的发展方针，并把扩大内需与调整经济结构，推动科技进步，促进对外开放结合起来。随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区的资源优势， 经济优势将得到充分发挥，经济增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。中译英【参考译文】 Thanks to the rapid (economic) development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology was laid in the western region of China. With the society enjoying a rather satisfactory stability, and the market economy system being established and improved on a daily basis, providing a favourable market environment for the western region to maintain the sustained and rapid economic growth. While focusing on its policy of expanding the western region, the Chinese government also attaches rather great importance to the restructuring of the economy, the promotion of the scentific and technological development, the deepening of the opening-up policy as well. With the stable advance in the development of the western region, the advantages of the region in resources and economy will be given full play, thus further improving the quality and standard of the economic growth.04年3月英译中For 8 years, students at Michigan State University borrowed tuition money directly from the federal government. But last spring, university officials shucked that arrangement and signed up with private lenders and a state agency that provided loans under a separate federal plan. They guaranteed a profit to the universitysomething the federal government could not do. Sounds sweet for Michigan State, but its not so terrific for federal taxpayers, who will almost certainly wind up shelling out $23.5 million more each year as a result of the change. Michigan State is not unique. Today, dozens of colleges and universities are abandoning the Department of Educations direct-loan plan, lured by the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly, Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia. In all, 62 colleges and universities have dropped out of the Education Departments direct-loan program since 2000, and the list is growing. Sallie Mae has won over $1 billion in loan business from former direct-loan schools.英译中【参考译文】 八年以来，密歇根大学所需的学费贷款一直来自联邦政府。但是去年春天，该大学决定停止办理这种贷款，而改为与一些私人贷款方和机构合作，由他们另行提供贷款。密歇根大学这样做，可以保证自己获益，而联邦政府却做不到这一点。对于密歇根来说，这当然是件好事。可是联邦纳税人可没这么幸运了。他们不得不因此每年多支付2350万美元。 实际上，密歇根并非唯一实施这种贷款政策的州。现在，几十所大学放弃了与教育部的直接贷款计划。之所以这样做，是因为他们看中了银行、州立贷款机构所许诺的快速回报。Sallie Mae是其中的重要代表，其总部位于弗吉尼亚州莱斯顿市，是一家庞大的私有贷款机构。自2000年以来，已有62所大学放弃了与教育部的直接贷款计划。现在有越来越多的大学逐渐加入其中。目前，Sallie Mae已经从联邦政府手中赢得了总额达10亿美元以上的贷款业务。中译英中华民族历来珍惜和平。中国的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量来发展自己。中外关系中，我们一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善，同各国发展友好合作关系。中国现在是、今后相当长时间内仍将是一个发展中国家。中国有13亿人口，这是最大的国情。中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。我们还面临不容忽视的失业、贫困和发展不平衡等问题。中国要赶上发达国家，还需要几代人、十几代人的艰辛努力。中译英【参考译文】 The Chinese nation has always cherished peace. Chinas rise, an achievement accomplished by our own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominating position. In getting along with the foreign countries, we consistently adhere to the policy of making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries with an aim to seek a friendly cooperation with them. China is and will continue, in a quite long time, to be a developing country. China has a population of 1.3 billion, which is the most important part in our national conditions. It is then no doubt that China ranks 138th per capita while its GDP totals 6th globally. We are now still facing serious problems that we cant avoid such as unemployment, poverty, and unbalanced regional development. To catch up with the developed countries, several, even dozens of generations efforts are still expected.04年9月英译中As individuals and as a nation, were defined by the choices we make. And too often, by the tough decisions we avoid. Most of us have avoided even thinking about how our rapidly growing population is affecting our quality of life and shaping our society.Our population has more than doubled since World War II, and at this rate, we could be on our way to 1 billion people living in the United States by the end of the century. Our population growth, driven in part by unchecked immigration, is already straining our healthcare and educational systems and, less noticeably but far more important putting a heavy burden on our natural resources.All these pressures on our resources will only worsen unless our leaders begin a national dialogue on the future of this country and start making the tough choices. Politicians are avoiding debate on these issues because they are the most difficult ones to confront. In campaign debating, these are wedge issues. But failure to come to terms with them will drive a wedge between all of us and a prosperous, healthy future for this country.英译中【参考译文】 我们作为个人和一个国家（民族），其特性表现为我们所做的选择，而且还常常表现为我们不想/避免做出的艰难决定（来确定的）。我们大多数人甚至不去思考我国快速增长的人口是怎样影响着我们的生活质量，决定着我们的社会。二次世界大战以来，我国的人口增加了一倍多。照这样的数度增长，到本世纪末生活在美国的人口有可能达到10 亿。造成我国人口增长的一部分原因是我们未对移民加以控制。这种增长已经对我国的医疗保健，教育体制造成压力。而且是我国的自然资源背上了沉重的负担，这一点虽然不太引起人们注意，但是更为重要。除非我们的领导人就国家的未来开始一场全国性的对话，并作出艰难的决定，否则对于我国资源的这些压力不会减轻。政客们避免就这些问题展开辩论，因为这些问题难以面对。在总统竞选辩论中，这些问题会导致分歧。但若不能成功地解决这些问题，我们将无法实现国家繁荣、健康的未来。中译英本公司成立于1988年。经过不断发展，目前公司下属全资专业从事工程施工的单位有4家，公司参股的企业有3家。公司拥有一大批技术人员和管理人员，其中有中高级专业职称的占65。雄厚的技术力量和科学的管理为公司的健康发展奠定了坚实的基础。不断深化的社会主义市场经济为公司的生存和发展提供了更大的机遇和空间。近年来，公司先后参与承建了一大批上海市重大工程，为建设国际大都市作出了应有的贡献。中译英【参考译文】 Our company was established /set up in 1988. Through years of continuous development, it currently has 4 wholly-owned enterprises specializing in engineering and construction and 3 enterprises in which it holds equity interests. Our company has a large number of technical and managerial personnel. Among them 65% hold intermediate and senior professional titles. The strong technical force and scientific management have laid a solid foundation for the healthy development of the company.An ever-growing socialist market economy has provided a bigger opportunity and space for the existence/survival and expansion /development of our company. In recent years/over the years，we have participated in /undertaken the construction of a large number of major projects in shanghai, making our contribution in shaping /building shanghai into an international metropolis.05年3月英译中Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any can deliver. We say that the president runs the country, but in practice, presidents have trouble running large parts of the government. We hold the president responsible for the economy, even though he has few economic levers at his command. We expect the commander in chief to lead us to victory in war, and then we complain when we think he is micromanaging the military.And we tend to think of the president as the personification of the nation he leads. Few other democracies combine the position of head of government and head of state. We do, and some of the bitterness of our politics spring from the conviction of many Americans that this of that president does not really represent their country. Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation.英译中【参考译文】 美国人对于自己的总统抱有非常高的期望，以至于也许没有一位总统能够达到那样的期望。我们认为总统管理着整个国家，但实际上，他们在管理大部分政府部门时会遇到麻烦。尽管总统本身可能没有多少手段来掌控经济，但我们还是认为他应对经济负责。我们期待总指挥官带领我们取得战争的胜利，但是当我们认为他在一手操控军队的时候，又会抱怨。 我们往往将总统比作是他所领导的国家的化身。很少有其他的民主政体将政府首脑与国家元首的职位合二为一。然而我们国家是这样做的，我们政治中的弊端根源于许多美国人的观念，那就是总统的信念不能真正代表他们的国家。但当我们回顾历届总统时，我们总把他们看作是国家的领袖，而不是党派政客。这些领袖以各种方式为发展我国国力及价值观做出了贡献。中译英有人把香港说成是“文化沙漠”。实际上，香港有着其独特的文化氛围。在电影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅，其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响，而且还有8所知名的大学。这座城市特殊的历史和地理因素造就了一种多样化的文化。每年一度由政府主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家展示其独创性提供了一个广阔的平台，并鼓励更多人参与文化艺术创作，为中国的文华繁荣作出了许多创新和突破。中译英【参考译文】 Hong Kong is recognized by some people as the “cultural desert”. However, as a matter of fact, Hong Kong enjoys its unique cultural settings. In terms of film-making, it ranks among the top in the world and its pop songs have an extensive influence among all the Chinese globally. Moreover, there are also 8 well-known universities in Hong Kong. The diversified culture of Hong Kong is attributed to its special history and location. The art carnival hosted by the government annually has provided a broad stage for the local artists to exhibit their originality and encouraged more people to get involved in the production of cultural and art works, thus making a lot of innovations and breakthroughs for the boom of the Chinese culture.05年9月英译中There is a growing number of economists who believe todays brutally tough labor market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect of meaningful raises. The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both the Internet and giant retailers led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.【参考译文】 越来越多的经济学家认为当今美国劳动力市场竞争异常残酷激烈，这不只是一时的怪现状。在大多西欧国家、美国及其他发达国家，降薪、福利削减、工作稳定性下降似乎已经成为就业市场越来越难以改变的痼疾。不稳定的自由职业岗位增多（工作时间同样延长），而稳定福利好的工作机会减少。一旦失业，人们很难被旧东家重聘，所以不得不找份新工作或者自己创业。而那些尚留在工作岗位上的人员工作时间加长，然而他们加薪前景微乎其微。 中国、印度、东欧各国劳动力价格低廉，互联网和零售巨头（比如沃尔玛）把商品价格一降再降，这就使得全球竞争日益严重。进而，深刻的改变了原来的劳动力市场。结果，西方国家各家公司既要压低商品的价格，又要尽量削减成本。很明显，全球化让全世界的提薪之日遥遥无期。中译英 中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段。中国已成为亚欧和世界经济发展中的积极力量，我们将坚定走和平发展的道路，致力于同亚欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前进，共创美好的未来。【参考译文】 In China, there is an old saying which goes like this, “Long distance never separates close friends.” A ready link connecting this country and many other ones, like the Silk Road, in Asia and Europe helps a lot in bringing about the splendid civilization in Asia and the frequent exchanges and communication between China and the Continent in the past years. Now, we are going a step further in our cooperation based on mutual benefits, enjoying a brand-new bilateral relation. China, a devoted part in promoting the economic development in the 2 continents, will keep her track on the road of peace and development. A corresponding effort made by this country in building a dynamic and long-term cooperation in all fields across Asia and Europe, together with all the other efforts from the 2 continents, will definitely contribute a big part in making the bright future.06年3月 英译中 As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the worlds biggest public-health issue today-the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an epidemic in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and Fast. Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a centurys dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. Thats why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.【参考译文】 作为现代社会的一个祸害，肥胖已成为当今世界最大的公共健康问题。肥胖是引起心脏病的主要原因，现今因心脏病致死的人数已超过死于艾滋病、疟疾、战争的人数。自从世界卫生组织于 2000 年将肥胖症定为“流行病”以来，已经连篇累牍地发表了有关肥胖症引起可怕后果的报告。 对肥胖症发出的公共卫生警示，加上传媒宣传所形成的压力，是否会像最终促使烟民们戒烟那样，说服人们去减肥呢？这有可能。在富裕国家，健康食品的销量正在大幅上升，而且新的数据表明，在过去的一年美国人的体重有史以来首次略有下降。 但是即使美国人是瘦了一点，美国要解决因半个世纪以来饮食过度而造成的健康问题，还需要许多年时间。况且，在世界各地，人们的体重仍在增加。这就是为什么现在医生们一致认为各国政府应采取措施来制止人们发胖。 中译英 上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市，改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华气象。 今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。上海的明天充满希望。 【参考译文】 Shanghai is an international metropolis full of vigor, vitality and variety. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, Shanghai has attracted worldwide attention for its tremendous changes. The economy is developing rapidly, the social order is stable, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, presenting a scene of prosperity. Today, while Shanghai still has many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over, its ever-changing outlook has filled more and more people with great admiration. Puxi exhibits the citys glorious past, and Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color. Shanghais tomorrow is full of hope. 06年9月 英译中The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a houseall these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the oth