初中英语的八种时态.doc

初中英语八种时态和两种语态归纳A时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。. 几种常見时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常見的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间連用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. B Voices语态.The Passive Voice一、Voices: The Active and Passive VoicesActive Voice 主动语态 Passive Voice被动语态Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people.They found the dinosaur eggs in Liaoning. The dinosaur eggs were found in Liaoning.We must do something to stop the pollution. Something must be done to stop the pollution.二、The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A): 方 式时 间一 般 进 行完 成现 在amis + pp.areamis being + pp.arehas been + pp.have 过 去was + pp. were was being + pp.werehad been + pp.将 来shall be + pp.will过 去将 来should be + pp. wouldThe formations of the passive voices of modal verbs(B):must/can/ may/should + be + pp.三、When to use the Passive Voice:1. 行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就找不到动作的执行者时。My bike was stolen.3. 汉语含有“据说”、“有人说”等时。It is said that another bridge has been built over the Changjiang River.4. 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.5. 汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。These songs are usually sung by boys.6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was born in October, 1988.7. 表示礼貌时。You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow.（Note: 用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态。）. 初中阶段英语时态、语态专题测练.动词时态考点分析一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I ready for the maths exam. A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got 二 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be .实战题练兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. 2. I think he (be) back in a week. 3. Who (knock) at the door? -I dont know. Let me go and see. 4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. 5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they (come) to work in China in 2001. 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. B) Complete the following sentences:1. When I got to the cinema, (电影已经开始了二十分钟了). 2. (有一场音乐会)a concert tomorrow afternoon.3. Its three years since he (入团). 4. Please let me know (他一回来). 5. I (正要入睡) when there was a loud knock at the door. . 中考实战题练兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given:1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France (beat)0-1 by a new teamSenegal.0-2 2. How many fridges (build) in China in the last two years? 3. No dictionary should (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! 4. That day each of us (give) ten dollars after we finish the work. 5. They (warn) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. Multiple Choice:( ) 1. I dont know the school, but its to be quite a good one. A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said( ) 2. Please dont stand up in class until you . A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told( )3. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reactionA. will burn; get; calls B. burns; will get; calledC. will burn; can get; is calling D. burns; will get; is called( ) 4. Please tell me when on the wall. A. has this map hung B. was this map hung C. this map has hung D. this map was hung( ) 5. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital. A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesnt return( ) 6. They wont be back until the work . A. do B. does C. is done D. will do( ) 7. The medicine cool, clean and dry.A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in( ) 8. Wherere the old houses here?-Oh, they by the end of last century, and a new tall building here soon. have been pulled down; is going to be builtA. were pulled down; will be builtB. had been pulled down; is going to be builtC. had been built; is going to be pulled down( ) 9. You cant leave now. There are still twenty more trees . A. to plant B. being planted C. plant D. to be planted( )10. Wheres your car? -Theres something wrong with it and it in the garage now. A. is repaired B. is being repaired C. has been repaired D. will be repairedB) Put the following into English:1. 近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星。 Several man-made satellites in Xichang in the past five years. 2. 请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗？ Would you please tell me ? 3. 那个博物馆是八年前建造的。 . 4. 必须采取措施阻止人们砍伐树木。 to stop people from cutting trees down. 5. When he got there, he found all the food (都吃光了). 初中阶段英语时态、语态专题复习Keys . 中考动词时态考点分析 析 1. C。since后接时间的起点，for后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词