Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon.doc

Unit 6Text: The Making of a SurgeonTeaching Procedure:I. Pre-reading:A. Explain the title of the text.The making of a Surgeon : How a surgeon comes into being. (The way to a successful career as a surgeon. or The cause of a surgeons success.) 外科医生的成功之道making : the process of being made or coming into being; the cause of a persons success 成功的因素be the making of sb : make sb succeed 使某人成功eg: -These two years of hard work will be the making of him. 这两年艰苦工作能把他造就成材。 -Self-confidence and diligence are the making of a man.have the makings of sth : have the qualities needed to become sth 有条件成为某事物eg: -She has the makings of a good lawyer.in the making : in the course of being made, formed or developed 在制造，形成或发展过程中eg: Our plans are still in the making. 我们的计划还在酝酿当中。B. Introduce three types of doctors.1. General practitionersA general practitioner cares for patients with all kinds of illness. He may not have special training in any one field of medicine, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness. He delivers babies, diagnoses diseases, performs surgery, and sets broken bones. The general practitioner often becomes extremely skillful in the art of medical practice.2. SpecialistsCertain fields of medicine require special advance training and skill. One specialist is the surgeon, who treats diseases by means of surgical operations. Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen fields. Other doctors often consult them when a patient needs their special skill and knowledge. For example, a general practitioner might refer a pregnant woman to an obstetrician. The obstetrician cares for her and delivers her baby. A pediatrician, who specializes in childhood diseases, then takes over the care of the infant.3. Researchers Some doctors do not practice medicine after they complete medical training. They prefer to devote their time to medical research. The doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.Many medical researchers work in large hospital centers, while many physicians conduct research programs in addition to their private practices.C. Introductory remarksThis article is written by Dr. William Nolen, a well-know American surgeon and author. Dr. Nolen reveals to us in his article that he, as a doctor, had gone a long way before he became a surgeon. Then, what quality, according to Dr. Nolen, is essential in the making of a surgeon and at what point of time does a doctor finally become a surgeon?Allow the students two or three minutes to go over the first two paragraphs for answers to the above questions.(According to Dr. Nolen, self-confidence is essential in the making of a surgeon, and only when a doctor has built up perfect confidence in himself or herself, will he or she really be a surgeon.)II. While-readingA. Organization of the text: The whole text may be divided into three major parts:Part1(paras.1-2): According to Dr. Nolen, self-confidence is essential in the making of a surgeon, and only when a doctor has built up perferct confidence in himself, will he really be a competent surgeon.Part2(paras.3-6): From his experience, Dr. Nolen says that a young doctor may make mistakes, especially in emergency situations. On such occasions, he is likely to be filled with fear of making mistakes, and he may even doubt his own competence in operating on a patient. But, as long as he learns to relax and feels self-assured, he is able to handle any situation.Part3(para.7): A young doctor really needs self-confidence on his way to success even though it may be considered as self-conceit.B. Study for language points1. draw to a close : come to an end eg: -This semester is drawing to a close. -The year soon drew to its close.2. treat, cure : To treat someone medically is to accept him as a patient, to diagnose his illness and to help relieve it. To cure someone(of an illness), on the other hand, is to bring him back to health, stressing the positive result of medical treatment. We can also say “to cure a disease” meaning “get rid of a disease”. treat（治疗）不一定 cure（治愈）。treat sb for a disease 治愈某人的病cure sb of a disease 治疗某人的病eg: -Which doctors are treating her for her illness? -The dentist is treating my tooth. 牙医正在给我治牙。 -The bone fracture in the truck drivers left leg was being carefully treated. -This medicine should cure you of your cold. -Doctors and scientists may discover at any moment now how to cure cancer.3. emergency : sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate actioneg: -an emergency exit/door/bell/telephone/room/landing -The President declared a state of emergency after the earthquake.4. encounter, meet :Encounter is a synonym for meet. It is a more formal word and strongly implies a casual or unexpected meeting.eg: -He promised to meet her at the airport. -On the train I encountered (or: chanced to meet ) an old friend of mine who I had not seen for ages. -He encountered (or: met with) many difficulties on his journey around the world.5. critical : important at a time of danger and difficulty; of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 决定性的，关键的 Eg: -The patients condition is critical, ie he is very ill and may die. 病人情况危殆 -Millions of people watched TV that night to learn the critical decision. -Heroes emerge at critical moments in history. 历史的紧要关头6. after I had told Walt of Larry what to do in a particular situation : Walt and Larry are pet names for Walter and Lawrence, two very common English names. Here the author only means that after he had told this person or that person what to do in a particular situation. There is nothing significant about either of these names which are chosen haphazardly to mean this or that intern of first-year resident. As a rule, interns or first-year residents will turn to the chief resident for advice when they are uncertain how to handle a particular situation.Particular : (a.)(1) belonging to some person, thing, or occasion; individual 特定的，个别的，个人的 Eg: -his particular problems -Scientists are now interested in this particular planet since there seem to be some signs of life on it. -The bus driver is usually polite, but in this particular case he lost his temper. 在此个别情况中 (2) special 特殊的 Eg: -He is a particular friend of mine.他是我的特殊朋友。 -for no particular reason 无特殊原因 -Particular attention was given to the orphan girl. (3) hard to satisfy 非常讲究的，吹毛求疵的，挑剔的 Eg: -Women are usually particular as to what they wear. -British people are said to be very particular about their food when they travel abroad. -Shes a very particular person. 她是个挑剔的人。 in particular : especially or specifically 尤其，特别 Eg: -The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。7. -and I could live with it : Here “it” refers to the preceding sentence “There were still situations in which I couldnt e certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved-” Live with (sth) : accept (sth unpleasant) or tolerant sth 接受或容忍某现象 Eg: -Most of us dont like the new regulations, but we have to learn to live with them. -You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you were.8. dwell on / upon : think about; speak or write a lot about 细想某事，详述某事 Eg: -Lets not dwell on your past mistakes.我们不要再说你过去的错误了 -Let bygones be bygones. Dont dwell so much on the past. -The speaker dwelt on that point for more than an hour.9. be bound to : be certain to; be sure to Eg: -You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying. -Its bound to rain. Look! The clouds are gathering quickly.10. in practice : while performing my professional skills as a surgeon “practice” here means “exercising or performing the profession of medicine,” ie “regular work of a doctor”.practice : (n.) (esp of a doctor or lawyer) practicing ones profession （尤指医生或律师的）执业，生意 Eg: -the practice of law/medicine 律师的业务/医生的行医 (idm) in/out of practice : having /not having spent time doing practice 勤于/疏于实践或练习 Eg: -Its important to keep in practice. 经常练习很重要。 -If you dont play, youll get out of practice. 不练习就会荒疏。11. butterflies in ones stomach : a feeling of fear or anxiety 心慌，紧张，忐忑不安 Eg: -When the young man walked into the office to see headmaster, he had butterflies in his stomach. -Whenever he gets up in front of his audience, he has butterflies in his stomach, no matter how many times he does it.Stomach, abdomen, belly : These words denote pretty much the same region of the human or animal body. Stomach, when it is used to designate the part of the body between the chest and the legs, not just the digestive organ, is the most general term; abdomen has a technical overtone; and belly is less acceptable to some people and therefore not considered a standard word to refer to the same region.12. anticipate : see beforehand 预期 Eg: -Do you anticipate (meeting) any trouble? -We anticipate that demand is likely to increase.我们预料需求可能增加。 -I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all.13. in advance : ahead of time; beforehand Eg: -You have to pay the rent in advance. -It is unwise to spend your income in advance. 把你的收入超前花了是不明智的。 in advance, beforehand, ahead of time : in advance预先，含超前的意思； beforehand 预先，着重强调事前。Eg: I ought to have told you beforehand. 我应该事前告诉你（现在太晚了）。 ahead of time 意为“提前”，eg: finish the task three days ahead of time提前三天完成任务 *Everyones application for the job must be sent in one week_ a. beforehand b. ahead of time c. in advance d. as early as possible 14. Id sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, or compound fractures. : Id been nervous and filled with anxiety while painstakingly treating the serious injuries that come to every young doctor-such serious injuries as stab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lungs and compound fractures. sweat : (v.) (the body) give off moisture through the skin; perspire流汗 Eg: -He sweated heavily during the marathon race. (n.) perspiration Eg: -The sweat broke out on his forehead. -We were all in a cold sweat over the test.15. inevitable : (a.) unavoidable 不可避免的 Eg: -Death comes inevitably. -Any toy the boy takes apart comes inevitable to a bad end.16. sit on : neglect; do nothing about; fail to deal with sth 搁置，积压 Eg: -They have been sitting on my application for a month. -We should not sit on those who need help. -I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a month.17. solo : (a.) one and only; unshared; single 唯一的，单独的 Eg: -the sole cause of the accident 事故的唯一原因 -the solo survivor of the crash 那次车祸的唯一幸存者 -His solo wish is to live an undisturbed life.18. responsibility : (n.) (1) being responsible (responsibility for sb/sth) 责任，负责 Eg: -assume/take/accept/bear full responsibility for the consequence 对后果负全部责任 -have or show a sense of responsibility 有或显示出责任感 -The architect assumes/takes/accepts responsibility for designing the museum. -He shirks/refuses all responsibilities for the accident. (2) duty 职责，任务，义务 Eg: -Its my responsibility to lock the doors. 我负责锁门。 -Every one of us should meet our parent-supporting responsibilities.19. chances were that no other surgeon could have, either. : it was most likely that no other surgeon could have avoided the same mistake. chances are / were (that) : it is /was likely (that) 很可能 eg: -Chances are he has already heard the news. -The chances are that shell be coming. 很可能她要来。 -The chances are that we will win the game.20. conceited : (a.) full of pride in ones powers, abilities, etc.; excessive pride 骄傲，自负，自高自大 Eg: -The conceited actor behaved as if he were the greatest man in the world. -The conceited rabbit was beaten by the turtle in their race.C. SummaryDr. Nolen believes that the most important time in a surgical career is the point at which the surgeon begins to feel the confidence in his ability to make sound decision in each individual case.In the first few months of his residency, he dreaded the ringing of the telephone and had trouble getting back to sleep after the operation. He lay awake reviewing all the facts of the case, wondering if he had made a poor decision.Five years later, he was able to live with himself even in he had made a mistake in judgment. He came to realize t