岩土工程专业英语小词典.doc

岩土工程专业英语小词典一. 综合类 foundation engineering基础工程 geotechnical engineering岩土工程 numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学soil dynamics土动力学 soil mechanics土力学 soil, earth土 stress path应力路径 二. 土的分类 clayey silt粘质粉土 clayey soil粘性土 clay粘土 expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 frozen soil冻土loess黄土 peat泥炭 residual soil残积土 sandy silt砂质粉土 saturated soil饱和土 silty clay粉质粘土 silty sand粉土 silt粉土 soft clay软粘土 unsaturated soil非饱和土 zonal soil区域性土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compactness密实度 degree of saturation饱和度 density密度 dry unit weight干重度 effective unit weight有效重度 maximum dry density最大干密度 moist unit weight湿重度 optimum water content最优含水量saturated unit weight饱和重度 四. 渗透性和渗流 coefficient of permeability渗透系数Darcys law 达西定律 flow net流网 hydraulic gradient水力梯度 leakage渗流 permeability渗透性 seepage force渗透力 seepage pressure渗透压力 seepage渗透（流） 五. 地基应力和变形 a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 bearing capacity承载力 casing套管 clay fraction粘粒粒组 concentrated load集中荷载 contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） deformation变形 effective stress有效应力 field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 foundation design基础设计 homogeneous均质 isotropic各向同性 live load活载 long-term transient load长期荷载 low activity低活性 reduced load折算荷载 sensitivity灵敏度 settlement沉降 soil mass土体 square spread footing方形独立基础 strip footing条基 total stress总应力 triaxial test三轴试验 underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 六. 基坑开挖与降水 braced cuts支撑围护 braced excavation支撑开挖 braced sheeting支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 deep well point深井点 dewatering method降低地下水位法 dewatering（基坑）降水 excavation开挖（挖方） failure of foundation基坑失稳 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 retaining wall挡土墙 vacuum well point真空井点 well point system井点系统（轻型） 七. 深基础-deep foundation belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 bored pile钻孔桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 pile foundation桩基础 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 steel pile钢桩 under-reamed bored pier 八. 地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力 critical edge pressure临塑荷载 general shear failure整体剪切破化 local shear failure局部剪切破坏 punching shear failure冲剪破坏 stability of foundation soil地基稳定性 state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 九. 土压力-earth pressure active earth pressure主动土压力 Coulombs earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论 earth pressure at rest静止土压力 passive earth pressure被动土压力 Rankines earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论 十. 土坡稳定分析-slope stability analysis angle of repose休止角 Bishop method毕肖普法 Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 slices method条分法Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 十一. 挡土墙-retaining wall anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙 cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 foundation wall基础墙 gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙 stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性 十二. 浅基础-shallow foundation bearing stratum持力层 box foundation箱型基础 compensated foundation补偿性基础 embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 flexible foundation柔性基础 mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 net foundation pressure基底附加应力 rigid foundation刚性基础 spread footing扩展基础 strip foundation条形基础 structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析 十三. 土的动力性质-dynamic properties of soils damping ratio阻尼比 dimensionless frequency无量纲频率 dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素 dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降） dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 dynamic strength of soils动强度 evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价 geometric damping几何阻尼 initial liquefaction初始液化 liquefaction strength抗液化强度 material damping材料阻尼 natural period of soil site地基固有周期 stress wave in soils土中应力波 wave velocity method波速法 十四. 地基基础抗震 duration of earthquake地震持续时间 earthq