Module4 重点知识.doc

module 4知识点总结一、词汇&短语 1. mean 【常见短语】mean doing 意味着mean to do.打算做，意图做mean+从句The red light means “stop” He meant no harmI mean to go tomorrow.The sign means that the road is blocked. 【词汇拓展】meaning n. , meaningful adj.What do you mean by ?2. be made of: 由制成/制作（接原料，表示能够看出制作的原料 ）The salad is made of lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers.Cups that are made of bamboo are nice to look at. 【拓展总结】made 短语1.) be made from 由制成/制作（接原料，表示看不出制作的原料 ）Nylon is made from air, coal and water. 2.) be made in 在制作/制造（接产地、厂家等）The toy is made in China.3.) be made into 被制作成（接产品、制成品）Silk can be made into beautiful cloth. 4.) be made up of 由构成/组成（接原料，表示主语整体是由部分构成的）A radio is made up of hundreds of different parts.【短语拓展】Consist ofMake up：化妆，弥补，编造口make it.3Put up 建造，建立He put up a fence to prevent the cow coming into the garden.They put up a tent and began to take a rest. 【词辨】区分set up与put up【常用put短语】Put away 把收起来，存放 put forward 提出；呈上 Put an end to 使结束 Put up with (stand) put off 延期；推迟4. a number of 一些，许多；也可以写作numbers of 后接可数名词复数。number之前可用large, great , huge, good, small等词修饰。表达数量的多少。 【链接】有关许多，大量的短语a good/great many; a large/great/good number of; +可数名词复数（作主语时谓a good few/quite a few 语动词用复数）a great/good deal ofa great/large amount of +不可数名词（作主语时谓语用单数）quite a littlea lot of=lots ofplenty of +可数名词复数或不可数名词（作主a large/great quality of 语时谓语根据名词确定）large qualities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词（作主语时谓语用复数）区分the number of和a number of区分the number of和the amount of 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉祥的 常用句型：sb. be fortunate (in) doing sth. to do sth. It be fortunate (for sb.) that fortunately adv. Make a fortune 6. approach v. & n. 靠近；接近相关词组：approach sth./some place 靠近某物；接近某地 an approach to 做某事的方法/途径 注意：approach作名词表示“方法或途径”时，后经常跟介词to，同学们一定要注意它与way表“方法”时的区别。way后常跟介词of。 7. professional adj.专业的professional adviceprofessional standardprofessional football a professional actress【词汇拓展】profess vt. 声称；公开表明profession n. 职业，专业professed adj. 公开声称的professor n. 教授8. exchange vt. & vi. & n. 交换，交流，兑换相关词组：1)exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 2)exchange A for B 以A换B 3)in exchange for 以换 注意：注意exchange.with.与exchange.for.的用法区分，前者是“与某人交换某物”，而后者是“两者进行互换”。近义词辨析：change 9. afford v 词性拓展：affordable不用于被动语态 (通常与can could或be able to连用) 为（某目的）有足够的钱 时间 地方等: 不用于被动语态 (通常与can或could连用)能不冒风险而做某事物:I mustnt annoy my boss because I cant afford to lose my job, ie must not take the risk of losing my job. 我可得罪不起老板, 因为我舍不得丢掉这份工作. 10. survive vt. & vi. 幸免于，幸存，生还；比活得长outlive 比活得长词性拓展：survival, survivor. She survived her husband by five years. 她比她丈夫多活了五年。 plants that can survive frosts 历经寒霜而存活的植物 I hope I shall never survive my usefulness. 我希望在我有生之年永远不要变成废物。11. contact n. 接触；联系；交往，交际；熟人关系 vt. & vi.接触，联系相关词组： contact with sb keep/stay in contact with 与保持联系/ keep in touch with sb lose contact with 与失去联系/ lose touch with 近义词辨析：connect, contact, link, associate12. fairly, quite, rather and pretty这几个副词均可表示适度地 在某种程度上或不很的意思, 常用以改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量. rather和quite与不定冠词+形容词+名词连用时, 可置於不定冠词之前: rather/quite a nice day 十分晴朗的一天 a rather/quite/fairly/pretty nice day 十分晴朗的一天.13be caught in被困于，遭遇 I am often caught in a heavy traffic on my way to school.我在上学路上常常遇到塞车。 Medical teams were caught in the crossfire of the opposing armies. 医疗队陷入了敌军的交叉火力中。【catch常见短语】 be caught in the heavy rain/snowstorm/sandstorm/traffic突然遭到大雨/暴风雪/沙尘暴/交通拥挤 be trapped in= be stuck in 被困住 be caught doing被撞见做某事 catch up(常与with连用)赶上 catch ones attention吸引某人的注意 catch fire着火14.cut down砍倒，使倒下；削减，压缩；减价 Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses.路边的许多大树都被砍掉用来建房了。【词汇拓展】cut in 插话；让某人分享利润cut off 中止，切断；隔绝15strength nU力量；力气；体力；实力He has been doing weight training to build up his strength.他一直进行举重训练以增强体力。【词辨】force/strength/energy/power(1)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力以及法律、道德或 感情的力量、效力、强制力、军事力量、武力等。(2)strength说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。(3)energy主要指人生理上的精力或自然界中的能量、能源。(4)power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能；也可指人或机器等事物潜在或所能发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力、政权，也可指电力、动力、功率。16prevent.(from) 阻止；制止【短语拓展】stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect / shelter sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。17have an effect on对有影响 Smoking has a bad effect on health.吸烟对身体有不良影响。 The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment. 核辐射泄漏给环境带来了灾难性的影响。 【短语拓展】与effect构成的短语be of no effect无效be in effect有效come/go into effect生效put/carry/bring sth. into effect使生效、实现take effect生效；开始发挥作用in effect实际上；简直是；事实上have an impact / influence on 对有影响18concerned adj.关心的，有关的常用于名词之后；挂念的，担心的Eg:It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drugs.据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。Im a bit concerned about/for your health.我有点担心你的健康。【词汇拓展】concern vt.涉及，关系到；n.(利害)关系，关心 be concerned about/over/for关心，挂念 as(so)far as.is concerned就来说；就而言 show/express concern about对表示关心/担心 19urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的 The law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。 The most urgent thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building. 失火时最紧要的事是确保所有人都撤离大楼。【词汇拓展】 urgency n紧急；迫切urge vt.推进；极力主张；催促；激励urge sb. to do.敦促某人做urge+that从句强烈要求，极力主张(从句用虚拟语气)20. bother (1) vt. 麻烦；困扰典例：Dont bother me with such stupid questions. 不要用这么简单的问题来烦我。He bothered me for that book. 他缠着我要那本书。Sorry to bother you, but can you explain the language point to me again?对不起，打扰了，不过你可以再给我解释一下这个语言点吗？You neednt bother to rewrite it. Just make corrections in the original text.不必麻烦重写了。只要在原文上修改就行了。You can take the umbrella with you. And dont bother returning it today.你可以带着这把伞。今天也不用费事再送过来了。(2) vi. 麻烦；烦恼；担心典例：Dont bother with/about it. 不要为这事麻烦/担心。用法小结：bother sb. (for sth.) (为某事)麻烦某人 bother to do/doing 麻烦去做某事 bother about/with sth.为某事而麻烦/费心21. go up （价格等）上涨22. Its so lively, and everyone seems so friendly.它是如此的活跃，每一个人都很友好。【辨析】alive; live; lively; lovely alive意为“活着的(有时含有虽有死的可能，但仍然还活着的意思); 有活力的，活泼的”。通常用在系动词之后作表语，有时也用作定语，但要放在所修饰的名词之后，而不能放在其前。典例：He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether he is dead or alive. 他已经失踪很久了。没有人知道他是生是死。live用作形容词时，意为“活着的（多修饰动植物）；（节目等）现场直播的”，用作副词时，意为“现场直播地”。典例：Many people are against doing experiments on live animals. 很多人反对用活着的动物做实验。lively意思比较多，意为活泼的，有精神的；（讨论等）热烈的；（色彩等）鲜明的；（描述等）生动的，逼真的典例：He is a very lively boy. 他是一个很活泼的小男孩。living表示“活着的”，修饰人，物皆可。典例：He is considered as the greatest living artist. 他被认为是当代最伟大的艺术家。living things生物（通指所有有生命的物体）二、句型&语法点1. It has been six years since we last saw each other. 考查点：since/before/when/until/that It is/ has been +一段时间 + since + （短暂性动作）“自从以来有多久了” It is/has been +一段时间 +since + (延续性动作) “自从不至今已经多久了” It is/ has been 3 years since my elder brother joined the army. 我哥哥参军已3年了。 It is/has been 3 years since my father smoked. 我爸爸已经戒烟（不抽烟）3年了。【扩展】It was + 一段时间 + before 过了一段时间就发生了 It was not half a year before they married. It will be + 一段时间 + before 要过多久才能发生 It will be another week before he returns. It is/ was + 时间点 + when 当时已是时候了 It was 8 oclock when I went back home last night. It is/ was + prep. + 时间点+ that （强调句） It is at 8 oclock that I went back home last night. It was not until + 时间点 + that 直到才（强调句） It was not until 10 oclock that he returned. It is/ was in等其他介词 + 时间段 + that (强调句) It was in ten years that he found his lost child. (完成时用since, 将来时用before, 强调句用that) It is / was + 时间段+ until 2. And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.这是我第一次访问你的家乡。This is the first/second/third time +that+现在完成时的从句 表“这是某人首次/第二次/第三次做某事”当主句用一般现在时时，that从句中的谓语用现在完成时典例：This the third time I have told you not to bring you cellphone into the class. 这是我第三次告诉你不要把手机带到课堂上来。 This the first time I been here, so I dont know the way around. 这是我第一次到这儿来，所以不了解周围的路。当主句用一般过去时时，that从句中的谓语用过去完成时，并且在口语