历年三级阅读练习材料(自己练习用).doc

2007年12月METS三级模拟试题Section Use of English (15%)(15 minutes)Part A Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are FOUR choices, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 31. Sometimes drugs are _ according to the way they are administered to a patient. A cleansed B clarified C purified D classified 32. Personality clashes are as _ a part of hospital life as IVs and bedpans.A typical Bpartial C integral D formal33. It is _ that one person in ten in western countries suffer from migraine every year.A estimated B intimated C imitated D assessed34. When a person is in _, decreased gastric motility frees energy for more immediate activity.A threat B panic C hazard D haste35. Reduced oxygen delivery to the wound _ repair, because the healing of wounds needs sufficient oxygen. A instills Benhances C inhibits D induces36. Urinary _ involves an incompetent or weakened sphincter and loss of control of voiding. A incontinence B inconsistency C retention D irritation37. A fecal odor at a wound site may indicate an _.A pus Bcyst C abscess D phlegm38. _, the blood-clotting process, is one of the bodys vital protective functions.A Laceration B Adhesion C Articulation D Coagulation 39. To become a registered nurse usually requires at least a high school diploma plus two years of college or _ school nursing courses.A acoustic B vocational C localized D intermittent40. With old age the normal _ of temperature commonly lowers, with 35 C not being unusual for some elderly people in cold weather. A range B field C scale D extent41. Often we are struck by the likeness of a baby to one or both of its parents, yet _ stop to consider how various traits are transmitted from parents to offspring.A we do rarely Bonly rarely we C we rarely do D rarely do we 42. Food must be converted to a state _ it is capable of being taken into the cells by way of the blood plasma.A which B in which C that D in that43. The collection of every specimen of urine is required if the test _ accurate.A be B is to be C has to be D has been44. There are different forms of glaucoma, _ in the very young.A some occurring B some occurred C some occur D some were occurred45. In the comatose state, neurological signs could help doctors and families decide _ is any point in taking extraordinary life-saving measures.A whether B where C whether there D if it46. By far _ of the sexually transmitted diseases is Acquired Immune DeficiencySyndrome (AIDS).A more frightening B more frights C the most frightening D most frightened47. Since a person can be a carrier of the virus _ symptoms appear, people at risk are urged to take a blood test for diagnosis.A long before B shortly after C before long D since shortly 48. Physicians who are employed by a large group _ be interrupted during the off-dutyhours than physicians working along or in small groups.A less likely B less likely to C who are less likely D are less likely to 49. Since the victim of choking on food cannot talk _, it is important that others recognize the danger of the situation and act promptly.A because of blocking the trachea B because of the blocked trachea C because the trachea blocked D because of the blocking trachea50. In many communities, information can be obtained by telephone _ the proper treatment for different poisonous substances.A as far as Bso that C so as D as to Section III Reading Comprehension (40%)(40 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage ABorn almost eight weeks early, the puny baby boy spent the first eight months of his life in intensive care. Throughout his early childhood, he suffered persistent coughs and wheezing. Surely, the mother had smoked during pregnancy.According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, thirty per cent of Australias expectant mothers smoke. With every cigarette, carbon monoxide seeps into the bloodstream of the fetus, starving it of oxygen and retarding growth. Nicotine also enters the fetus, adversely affecting heart rate and blood pressure. A smoking mother subjects her fetus to great physiological stress. Every time she puffs, her baby receives about 3,000 toxic chemicals. Complications in pregnancy and labor, as well as spontaneous abortions, occur more frequently in women who smoke. They also face a higher risk of an ectopic (导位) pregnancy, where the fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, and have a 25 to 50 per cent higher rate of fetal and infant death than nonsmokers. In 1995, a research report by the National Health and Medical Research Council indicated that smokers babies are on average 200 grams lighter and are generally shorter. It also suggested a link between passive smoking and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Children whose parents persist in smoking in their presence often suffer from the ear infections and respiratory trouble, the sick leave from school and sometimes long-term consequences for the future. Moreover, an estimated 1.4 per cent of all children suffer asthma as a result of passive smoking.It is a tragic irony that babies whose parents smoke are more likely to become smokers themselves, further increasing their risk of asthma. Environmental tobacco smoke is a killer. Every parent, and every shopkeeper who sells cigarettes to children, should wake up to this brutal truth.61. The baby boy described in the first paragraph of the passage probably _.A was kept under intensive care because of coughs and wheezingB was born about 8 weeks agoC would stay more time in intensive care D was smaller than a normal infant 62. How does carbon monoxide affect fetus?A By slowing down the blood flow.B By reducing the oxygen supply. C By quickening the heart rate greatly. D By stopping the growth of some parts.63. Smoking can cause in a pregnant woman all of the following except _.A psychological stress B complications in laborC unintended abortionsD fetal development outside the uterus64. The third paragraph mainly discusses _.A the physical appearance of smokers babiesB the connection between passive smoking and sudden infant deathsC the consequences of passive smoking for children D diseases that smokers babies often suffer from65. The last sentence of the passage is meant to be _.A an appeal to people not to harm children through smoking B an order to shopkeepers against selling cigarettesC a piece of information given to smoking parents and some shopkeepersD a statement that sums up the main idea of the passagePassage BThe human body is quick to recognize foreign organisms that enter it. “Foes” must be attacked or otherwise got rid of. The most common of these foes are viruses, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms. The body recognizes these foes by the chemicals within them called antigens. To counteract these foreign invaders, the body produces its own chemicals, protein molecules called antibodies. Each kind of antigen causes the production of a specific kind of antibody. Antibodies appear in the body fluids such as blood and lymph and in the bodys cells.Doctors learned to make use of the antibody system for defense long before they had any idea that antibodies existed. As early as 1796, Edward Jenner, an English country doctor, discovered that if he gave people a case of the mild disease cowpox, he prevented them from getting the serious disease smallpox. What Jenner did not know is that the diseases are caused by closely related viruses. They are so closely related that the cowpox antibody will counteract the smallpox antigen.Injecting an antigen to start the production of antibodies is now called vaccination. (It is one kind of immunization making a person immune.) The antigen injected is a vaccine. These terms are based on vacca, the Latin word for “cow”, because Jennys vaccine was made from the cowpox virus.Today doctors know of several ways that people become immune to diseases. Some people inherit a natural resistance to certain diseases. Over the years they build up an immunity that keeps them from ever getting certain diseases. But most antibodies are acquired only after the body has been exposed to a known antigen. The antigen may be carried by some organism that enters the body on its own, or the antigen may be artificially injected with a needle.66. Which of the following is not a “foe” to the human body?A Foreign organisms. B Viruses. C Bacteria D Antigens 67. According to the passage, where can antibodies be found?A In foreign invaders.B In all the body fluids. C In protein molecules. D In the bodys cells.68. The English doctor Edward Jenner knew that _.A a case of cowpox had the effect of preventing smallpox B the antibody system was based on the existence of antibodiesC cowpox and smallpox were caused by closely related virusesD cowpox antibodies interacted with smallpox antigens69. Vaccination is performed to _.A inject antibodiesB produce a specific antibody C make a person infectiousD introduce cowpox viruses70. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A exposure to an antigen usually takes place artificially B resistance to diseases is largely inheritedC vaccination is an important way to develop resistance to diseases D a natural antigen produces more antibodies than the artificial antigenPassage CIts called the “hygiene hypothesis（假设）,” and researchers use it to try to explain why the number of children who develop asthma has grown so dramatically over the past three decades. Supported by a handful of studies, the basic idea is that modern urban society is too clean for the kids own good. A hundred years ago, childrens immune systems would have faced all kinds of bacterial and viral infections. Today those immune systems dont know what to do in our super-sanitized environment, so they wind up attacking pollen, dust mites (螨) and other harmless substances instead. In the worst cases, a dangerous overreaction occurs that can shut down the lungs, killing the child.Now we seem to have more evidence for the anti-cleanliness argument. In a study involving more than 1,000 children, researchers at the University of Arizona compared youngsters who had attended day care before the age of six months with those who had enrolled at a later date. As you might expect, the younger kids, who were exposed to other children earlier and more often, experienced more infections and wheezing. But after they turned six years old, their risk of asthma was less than half that of the children who had enrolled in day care after they were six months old. The researchers cautious conclusion: “More infectious disease early in life might afford a life time protection.”But before you decide to put your baby next to every runny-nosed kid in sight, there are a few things you should know. Finding an association does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Furthermore, some infections can by themselves be quite harmful, even life-threatening. The last thing any doctor would suggest is that outbreaks of, say, meningitis or diphtheria are good because in the long run they might protect the survivors against asthma. Yet even if the association between early infections and a reduced risk of asthma turns out to be real, you cant use it as a basis for healing kids afflicted with asthma. Their immune systems have already made a fundamental change into asthmatic state. Uncontrolled exposure would only make them sicker. 71. From the context, the “hygiene hypothesis” refers to _. A an explanation why asthmatic children are growing in number B an unconfirmed theory that has become popular in the past 30 yearsC the guess on which many researchers have based their studiesD the idea that over-cleanliness is not always good for kids health 72. The author implies that childrens immune systems _.A have to overwork in the fights against infectionsB are fighting battles not meant for them originally C are no longer active in attacking harmful substancesD have changed so much as to be unable to perform their functions73. Which of the following agrees with the findings in the research at the University of Arizona?A Day care centers may cause children to pick up minor infections. B Children in day care do not experience much sneezing and coughing.C Younger children suffer less from asthma than those older.D Children in day care are healthier than those raised at home.74. If the association discussed in the passage is true, what could be reasonably suggested to parents?A Put their baby in an infection-free environment. B Expose the children to outbreaks of some infectious disease.C Use the day cares health benefits if possible. D Help their asthmatic children by putting them in day care.75. What can be inferred from the passage?A Serious infections offer protection against asthma.B What causes asthma is still unknown.C There may be a link between asthma and early infections. D The way to prevent asthma is now clear.Passage DThe bodys heat-regulating devices are efficient, but there is a limit to what they can accomplish. If the outside temperature is too high, one may sweat so much that dehydration and heat exhaustion can result. Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by excessive salt loss, and its symptoms include muscle cramps, dizziness, vomiting and fainting. This condition usually can be forestalled by taking salt tablets in hot weather.Sunstroke (sometimes called heat stroke) also is caused by high outside temperatures. It differs from heat exhaustion in that one of the heat regulators is affected; namely, the sweat glands. Dehydration begins a chain of events which terminates in decreased blood supply to the skin and diminished secretion of perspiration. As a consequence, the body temperature rockets up to a level that can be fatal. The victim of sunstroke exhibits many of the symptoms of heat exhaustion (i.e., dizziness, fainting) but with this significant difference: there is an absence of perspiration; the skin is dry and flushed. Sunstroke is an extremely serious emergency. The most important first aid measure is to lower the temperature; otherwise permanent brain damage can result. Cooling of the body is accomplished by immersing the victim in cool water or else by spraying him with it. Ice should be applied to the head, and cold drinks administered if the patient is conscious.The body is no more capable of coping with prolonged exposure to cold than to heat. If, for example, the body is immersed in cold water for a time, the water (a better heat conductor than air) removes more heat from the body than can be replaced, and the body temperature falls. This can happen too, of course, in cold airparticularly when clothing is inadequate. An excessively low body temperature is termed hypothermia, and its main effects are lowered respiratory rate and blood pressure and a feeling of drowsiness finally ending in coma and perhaps death. Hypothermia, the opposite of fever, is caused mainly by prolonged exposure to cold, rarely by abnormal conditions within the body.76. What is the fundamental cause of heat exhaustion?A High temperature may be too much for the body.B One becomes weak in hot weather.C Shortage of water in the body leads to dehydration.D Too much salt is lost in sweating. 77. In sunstroke, _.A a person often sweats a lotB the skin is exposed to strong sunlightC the sweat glands do not function properly D the condition starts with a fever78. What do sunstroke and heat exhaustion have in common?A They both cause dizziness and fainting. B They both cause the victims to sweat profusely.C They both call for emergency treatment.D They both lead to brain damage.79. Which of the following is a treatment for a victim of heat exhaustion?A Spraying his skin with cold water.B Administering cold drinks with salt. C Reliving his muscle cramps immediately.D Using ice to the head to bring him back.80. The passage suggests that low body temperature _.A occurs far less than sunstroke or heat exhaustion B occurs more quickly when in cold air than in cold waterC is an abnormal condition within the body like the feverD can bring down respiratory rate and blood pressure Section IV Translation (10%)(15 minutes) Directions: Translate the following sentences from the reading passages into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your Answer Sheet.81. It is a tragic irony that babies whose parents smoke are more likely to become smo