陶伟毕业设计论文 文献翻译

本科生毕业设计（论文）文献翻译设计（论文）题 目：车用永磁发电机电子稳压器（驱动和保护电路设计） 分 院： 电子信息分院 专业班级： 电子04201班 姓 名： 陶伟 学 号： 04305092 指导教师： 刘希真 教师职称： 副教授 完成日期： 2008年3月16日 温州大学城市学院教学科研部制毕 业 设 计（论 文）文 献 翻译1. 所译外文资料：The Promising Future of Permanent Magnet GeneratorSHI Li-wei1, ZHANG Xue-yi1, GENG Song-liang1, WANG Ya-lin1, LI Ai-jun1，LI Xian-wen2Abstract After the introduction of the late automobile generator, the outstanding advantage of permanent magnet generator is presented systemically, and the promising appliance prospect is thus declared.Key words eletric engineering; generator; summarize; permanent magnet1 A motor generator status quo at home and abroad At present, domestic and foreign automotive generator is Silicon ectifier generators. The electricity generator from a magnetic field winding, the field winding rotor easily destroyed, disconnected, power consumption, and must be provided by the exciting current batteries can power generation, this will inevitably increase the cost of the automobile. Silicon Rectifier generators with a brushless slip ring structure, slip ring diameter, high-speed, brushless easy to wear, short life expectancy, the high failure rate; other is the brushless generators, it increases the magnetic field gap , MFL, material utilization low and high cost. Domestic agricultural vehicles used by the generators is mainly ferrite magnets alternators, 200 W power in the following, not directly to the agricultural vehicle with the blowing rain, the plane heater, electric speakers, such as DC power, nor can the battery charging. At present, many domestic and foreign research institutes, enterprises invested a great deal of funds for permanent magnet motor generator Development of work. Are: (1) Permanent Magnet DC generator. Or through the use of ferrite materials and rare earth permanent magnets Series electronic regulator and generator windings and structural re-design, generating a stable output voltage direct current. (2) hybrid excitation generators. Its main magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet, the field winding only regulate magnetic field, to overcome the Silicon Rectifier brushless slip ring generators installed with the shortcomings of complex structures, low cost performance. 2 permanent magnet generators main advantages (1) structure is simple, reliable work. Permanent magnet generators to avoid a power generator excitation of the field winding-burning, carbon brush and disconnected, easy to wear slip-ring problems, improve reliability. Electronic regulators and as one of the generators, so that the generators of DC output, small size, light weight, the use of maintenance-friendly. (2) a single-phase dual-half-wave controlled rectifier technology. SCR to achieve with two DC output voltage regulator to replace the silicon rectifying the six generators Zheng Liuguan composed of three-phase rectifier bridge and regulating the rotor exciting current size of the electronic regulator. As the auto generator power, the output voltage to 14 V, output current, current per PN junction decline after a 0.7 V. By Q = IUt is understood that the current is, the more heat. PN junction of the large number of fever is not only a waste of the effective power generators, cooling and solve a difficult problem. Power generator output in the same circumstances, single-phase dual-half-wave controlled rectifier regulator circuit power consumption, comparable bridge rectifier circuit of low power consumption 50 percent, reduce the heat to raise the output power, and that the circuit - Stability Pressure, rectifier in one, greatly reducing costs.（3）More then 350 W generator, a high magnetic NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet materials, efficient use of our unique rare earth resources, rare metals and copper to reduce our dependence on foreign imports. The permanent magnetic materials with high energy product, the smaller size will be able to provide large enough magnetic field, making the internal structure of compact generators, small size, light weight. Simplify the structure of the rotor also made to reduce the rotor moment of inertia, practical speed increase over the power (that is, power, volume ratio) to achieve a higher value. 750W of NdFeB permanent magnet generators and 350 W silicon rectifying the quality of a generator. The permanent magnet materials also have a high residual magnetism induction intensity and coercive force, to magnetic curve for a straight line, almost no irreversible demagnetization. (4) less than 350 W for the generators, ferrite magnets used materials. Because this material is non-REE cobalt, nickel and other metals, low prices. Ferrite magnets used for rotor material, generator performance can also achieve the use of agricultural vehicles requirements. According to generator power output parameters corresponding select permanent magnetic materials, generators can meet performance requirements, but also improve the economic generators, and better meet the needs of the market. (5) high efficiency. Permanent magnet excitation generators, no electric field winding power consumption, which alone can improve the efficiency of electricity generation from 10% to 15%. The design of a permanent magnet rotor rotor, the need to provide exciting current rotating magnetic field, the rotor is also no electricity brushless excitation rotor and slip ring between the mechanical wear and tear, it can improve the efficiency of generating more than 5 percent. (6) wide use, charging effect distinctions. Generator not only has the regulator function, but also output DC, for battery charging, or direct-drive DC needed for the blowing rain, the plane heater, electric speakers, and so on. Voltage regulation of small, can effectively prevent the battery plate sulfide, will not charge less, will not be a charge. In the process of charging always maintain a small amount of Export, and will not produce large bubble. This is not a lot of electrolyte depletion and pollution battery surface, but also effectively avoid the intense Export and because of the active material loss, Thus extended battery life. 3 prospect of permanent magnet generators Farm vehicle ferrite magnets alternator has been widely applied in China. It uses parallel regulator technology (as shown in Figure 1), a stable output voltage alternating current, with outstanding cost performance, it is proved in practice agricultural vehicles generating the optimal choice. Because of large passenger cars and power generators, especially in large air-conditioned car idling at greater consumption of electricity, silicon rectifying generators can only rely on increased transmission ratio to improve low-speed performance, and the permanent magnet generators in power than when idling Exciting-high output power generators doubled, to tackle the vehicle idling consumption big problem.Figure 1 exchange regulator principle of constant pressure generatorPermanent magnet motor generator, the structure and its advanced high-performance, the decision of the vitality of the product and market competitiveness, will replace silicon rectifying generators, improve the electrical system of the automobile the overall level of Chinas automobile industry to promote technology Progress. Therefore, high-efficiency, cost-effective and high stability of the permanent magnet generators will have a high value of theoretical research and broad application prospects for promotion.中文：具有开发前途的车用永磁发电机史立伟1，张学义1，耿松亮1，王亚林1，李爱军1，李贤温2摘 要 分析了车用发电机的发展现状，总结了永磁发电机的高效率、高性能价格比及高稳定性的特点，指出了永磁发电机具有广阔的应用前景。关键词 电气工程；发电机；综述；永磁1 国内外车用发电机现状目前，国内外汽车用发电机主要是硅整流发电机。该发电机由电励磁绕组产生磁，转子的励磁绕组易烧毁、断线、消耗电能多，而且必须由蓄电池提供励磁电流才能发电，这样势必增加了汽车成本。一种硅整流发电机带有碳刷滑环结构，滑环直径大、线速度高，碳刷容易磨损、寿命短、故障率高；另一种是无刷发电机，它增加了磁场气隙、漏磁大，材料利用率低、成本高。国内农用车所采用的发电机主要是铁氧体永磁交流发电机，功率在200W 以下，不能直接给农用车的刮雨器、暖风机、电喇叭等提供直流电源，也不能给蓄电池充电。目前，国内外许多科研单位、企业投入了大量资金进行车用永磁发电机的开发研制工作。主要有：(1) 永磁直流发电机。通过采用铁氧体或稀土永磁材料和串联式电子稳压器，并对发电机绕组和结构重新设计，使发电机输出电压稳定的直流电。(2) 混合励磁发电机。其磁场主要由永磁体提供，励磁绕组只起调节磁场作用，克服了硅整流发电机带有碳刷滑环装置的缺点，结构复杂，性能价格比较低。2 永磁发电机主要优点(1) 结构简单，工作可靠。永磁发电机避免了电励磁发电机的励磁绕组易烧毁、断线及碳刷、滑环易磨损等问题，可靠性提高。电子稳压器与发电机联为一体，使发电机整体实现直流输出，体积小，质量轻，使用维护方便。(2) 采用单相双半波可控整流技术。用两只可控硅实现稳压直流输出，取替了硅整流发电机的6 只整流管组成的三相整流桥和调节转子励磁电流大小的电子调节器。由于汽车发电机功率大，输出电压为14V，输出电流大，电流每经过一个PN 结下降0.7V。由Q=IUt 知，电流越大，发热越多。PN 结的大量发热不仅浪费了发电机的有效功率，而且解决散热问题也成为一个难点。在发电机输出相同功率的情况下，单相双半波可控整流稳压电路的耗电量，可比整流桥电路的耗电量低50%，减少了发热量，提高了输出功率，而且该电路集稳压、整流于一体，大大降低了成本。(3) 对于超过350W 的发电机，采用高磁性的钕铁硼稀土永磁材料，有效利用我国得天独厚的稀土资源，并减少我国稀有金属铜对国外进口的依赖程度。该永磁材料具有高的磁能积，较小的体积就能提供足够大的磁场，使得发电机内部结构紧凑、体积小、质量轻。转子结构的简化还使得转子转动惯量减少，实用转速增加，比功率（即功率、体积之比）达到一个较高的值。750W 的钕铁硼永磁发电机与350W 的硅整流发电机质量相当。该永磁材料还具有高的剩磁感应强度和矫顽力，去磁曲线为直线，几乎不产生不可逆退磁。(4) 对于低于350W 的发电机，采用铁氧体永磁材料。此材料由于不含稀土元素钴、镍等贵金属，价格低廉。用铁氧体永磁材料作转子，发电机性能指标也能达到农用车的使用要求。根据发电机输出功率参数相应选择永磁材料，既能满足发电机性能要求，又能提高发电机的经济性，更好地满足市场需求。(5) 效率高。发电机用永磁体励磁，不需电励磁绕组的电能消耗， 仅此一项即可提高发电效率10%15%。转子的设计采用永磁转子，无需励磁电流即可提供旋转磁场，转子也没有电励磁转子碳刷与滑环之间的机械损耗，所以发电机效率又可提高5%以上。(6) 用途广，充电效果优。发电机不仅具有稳压功能，而且还可输出直流电，给蓄电池充电，或直接驱动需用直流电的刮雨器、暖风机、电喇叭等工作。电压调整率小，能有效防止蓄电池的极板硫化，不会欠充电，也不会过充电。在充电过程中始终保持微量的出气状态，不会产生大量气泡。这样既不损耗大量的电解液和污染蓄电池表面，同时也有效地避免了因剧烈出气而造成的活性物质脱落，从而延长了蓄电池使用寿命。3 永磁发电机的应用前景农用车用铁氧体永磁交流发电机已在我国广泛应用。它采用并联式稳压技术(如图1 所示)，输出电压稳定的交流电，具有突出的性能价格比，实践证明是农用车发电机的最优选择。大型客车与轿车由于发电机功率大，尤其是大型空调车怠速时用电量较大，硅整流发电机只能靠增加传动比来提高低速性能，而永磁发电机在怠速时要比电励磁式发电机的输出功率高1 倍，因此能够解决车辆怠速用电量大的问题。图1交流恒压发电机稳压原理图车用永磁发电机，以其先进的结构和优异的性能，决定了该产品的生命力和市场竞争力，必将取代硅整流发电机，提高了汽车电器系统的整体水平，促进我国汽车工业的技术进步。因此，具有高效率、高性价比和高稳定性的永磁发电机将具有较高的理论研究价值和广阔的应用推广前景。2. 所译外文资料：Research on steady voltage of permanent-magnet generator with pressure roller on the vehicleXu Hong-qin,LI Ai-jumAbstract:the steady voltage theroy of permanent-magnet generator with pressure roller is analysed,permanent-magnet with the high remanence intensity is adopted,generators structure is designed with creatitity,and output voltage is increased at low rotate speed of generator.Using the parallel electronic voltage stabilizes stabilizes output voltage at high raotate speed,and solves vehicles permanent-magnet generators problem of generating stable voltage at wide speed and wide load.Key words:pressure roller； steady voltage；vehicle；permanent-magnet generator；1 A regulator of the principle Wheeled permanent magnet generators with pressure from the wheel, with pressure rotor shell, a permanent magnet material from the shaft and the rotor, stator core, the armature winding, install a stent composed of the stator. Its features are: axis and mounting brackets connected to the stator windings and bearings of the inner ring were installed in the shaft pressure, pressure, pulley and rotor design as one shell, the inside of the rotor shell inlay block more permanent magnet materials, from Non-Magnetic aterials intervals, through the screw fixation rotor shell on the outside. When the rotor rotation, the rotating magnetic field, magnetic coil cutting lines, have EMF. As shown in Figure 1, simplified schematic shown in Figure 2.Figure 1 pressure with wheeled structure of permanent magnet generators1 An electronic regulator;2 mounting bracket;3 waterproof dust covered; 4 Permanent Magnetic Materials; 5 wheeled outside pressure with the rotor shell;6 stator windings; 7 bearings; 8-axis Figure 2 generators simplified schematicPressure wheeled vehicles with permanent magnet generators, the load is light, can be thought of as purely resistance, resistance values do not change with AC change. When connected to the circuit at the induction generator armature winding EMF role, through the current load:At both ends of the load voltage: When the generators at a low speed,(Cdn2) much smaller, can be omitted or not, U and n is proportional to n high speed when the generator when,(Cdn2) far better than the (R + r0) 2 can be neglected, close to constant .This shows that the output voltage generators, in low speed, with speed is proportional to the increase of cases increased, and then further increase the speed with the growth rate slowed down, to the maximum speed at stabilizing. Therefore, in generating the same load R circumstances, the generators themselves have a certain role of regulator. However, in practical application, load R constantly changing, the output voltage also will change, so a parallel electronic regulator to further stabilize the high-speed generator output voltage to meet the application requirements. Regulators electronic circuit as shown in Figure 3.Figure 3 parallel electronic circuit regulatorM-micro-current transformer; D1, D2, D3-diode; T1-transistor; SCR1, SCR2-SCR; DW-regulator of; R1, R2-resistance; C1-capacitance; Jf-alternator.When the generators running at low speed, through the use of high-intensity induction remanence Permanent Magnetic Materials, improving structural design of generators, increasing the very few, and to increase the armature winding turns, and other measures to increase the output voltage at low speed. When the generator empty, that is no current through the circuit, micro-M of the current transformer Cijixianquan no signal output, not on-SCR1 SCR, SCR2 is not conducting. In the daytime work, not because of the use of lights, no current through the circuit, despite the generator rotor rotary generators but no power output, this not only reduce the energy loss, but also ensure that the electronic regulator and reliability of the use of generators . When the generator is loaded, that is, in the current through the circuit, micro-M of the current transformer Cijixianquan a signal output, SCR SCR1-on. Starting rotation when the generator, because of low speed, the output voltage is low, less than the target set value regulator, the transistor T1 emitter and the point A voltage regulator of the DW is less than the breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 in the closing State, not to provide SCR SCR2 the gate trigger current, not on-SCR SCR2, electronic regulator output voltage generator is the ends of the output voltage. With the increase of generator speed, then increase the output voltage, when the voltage rise to a certain value, the transistor T1 emitter and the point A voltage regulator of the DW than the breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 by the deadline Into conduction, to provide SCR SCR2 the gate trigger current, on-SCR SCR2, generators instantaneous short-circuit, voltage wave Xue Qu part to reduce the output voltage, SCR SCR2 forward without delay to The deadline for voltage. SCR SCR2 after the deadline, then increased output voltage, the transistors emitter and T1 point voltage also increased, again higher than when the regulator of the DW breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 by the deadline into on - , To give SCR SCR2 trigger the gate to provide current, SCR SCR2 from closing into on-again, generating more transient short-circuit, further reducing the output voltage, the cycle, SCR SCR2 repeatedly in the on-off status, thus E-output voltage regulator to maintain stability. Another on-SCR SCR2, a short-circuit nature of the emotional current, to have a magnetic effect and DC magnetic effect will also reduce the amplitude of the output voltage to achieve the objective of regulators. Electronic Regulators regulators before and after the output voltage waveform shown in Figure 4.(a) before the regulator output voltage waveform curve (b) after the regulator output voltage waveform curve Figure 4 electronic regulator regulators before and after the output volt