08年12月英语四级答案.doc

2008年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解11D 替换题。针对男士“I hadnt heard from him forages”(我好久没有收到他的信了)，女士说“Ive been out of touch with most of my old friends(我也跟许多老朋友失去了联系)。hear from sb表示“接到某人的信、电话等”；drop sba line表示“给某人写信”；out of touch with sb表示“失去联系”，与答案中的lost contact with sb构成同义替换。所以D是正确答案。12A 场景题。四个选项都是职业，符合场景题的选项特征，本题询问对话人的职业。场景题的解题关键就是场景所对应的线索词。本题根据男士所说的color和house，以及女士所说的window frames和 walls，可以判断男士为油漆丁。所以A是正确答案。13C 建议题。女士想找500美元以下的房子，男士提建议说“Have you inquired the apartment complex down the street”(你有没有去街角的公寓楼看看出租信息)。所以C是正确答案。14C 替换题。本题考查语义替换。针对女士对a pair of jeans样式的提问，男士说“much like my other ones except with a larger waist”(跟以前的一样，只不过腰围大一些)。之后男士又说“I guess I havent spent much time exercising lately”(我想我最近没有好好做运动)。根据以上信息，不难推理出男士最近长胖了。gain weight表示“增肥”，也可以使用短语put on weight进行表达。所以C是正确答案。15D 替换题。本题考查语义替换。女士说非常欣赏那些抽象的油画，男生说“I guess its something I havent acquired a taste for yet”(我想我还不具备欣赏这种油画的品味)，可见男士不太欣赏那些抽象的油画。所以D是正确答案。 启示：注意本题的提问方式“What does the man imply?”这种提问方式还可以使用infer进行表述，即“What can we infer from the conversation?”此类题不能基于对话的内容直接回答，而是需要对对话的内容进行进一步推理后才能找到正确答案。这种题目在近年的四级考试短对话中每年必考一道，希望大家引起重视。16B 建议题。根据女士提出寻找blue notebook的问题，男士直接提出解决方案“Did you check that pile of journals youve borrowed from the library the other day?”(你有没有检查前几天从图书馆借回来的那堆学术期刊)。所以B是正确答案。17A but题。男士邀请女士喝杯咖啡，女士说“Id love to，but Im exhaustedI was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class”(我非常愿意，但是我很疲倦，为了写我的文学课的论文，我一直熬到凌晨三点)。在听录音时我们应该重点关注but后的内容。所以A是正确答案。18B 替换题。本题考查语义替换。女士问男士面试的情况，男士回答有二十人竞聘销售经理的职位，之后说“And finally it was down to 3 of us，but the other two seemed better qualified”(最后只剩下了我们三个人，但是他们都比我更胜任这份工作)。所以B是正确答案，slim意为“渺茫的”。19A 主题题。考查对话开头。女士询问男士(Simon)的退休生活如何，男士说“Well，not so bad”(还不错，挺好的)，之后又说“I have been spending more time with my family”(我可以拿出更多的时间跟家人在一起)。所以A是正确答案。20D 细节题。针对女士对整个方案操作流程的询问，男士回答“Instead of hiring temporary staff，the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access”(公司不再雇用临时员工，而是在公司网站上刊登针对退休员工的职位招聘信息)。所以D是正确答案。21D 细节题。考查对话结尾。文中男士说到“Well，I still have all my old contacts at work，so I know who to contact to get something done(在工作上我的老熟人都在，所以我知道该找谁来解决问题)。所以D是正确答案。 启示：在处理长对话题目时：需要关注顺序原则，即文章的出题顺序一般与文章的展开顺序相吻合。 在此基础之上，还需要关注对话双方回答的内容，而非提问的内容。22C 细节题。考查文章开头及but。女士问要去哪里，男士说“A farmIts just down this roadIts a small place，but at least it would be our own”(一个农场，就在这条路的尽头。虽然比较小，但是至少它将属于我们)。所以C是正确答案。23B 细节题。考查but。针对女士的提问，男士回答“A small one，two bedrooms，but it needs to be fixed up a little”(有一个两居室的小房子，但是还需要维修一下才能使用)。所以B是正确答案。24C 细节题。男士说“Well，it really isnt big enough for comI thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes” (这个农场的面积确实不够种植玉米，我想我们只能种土豆了)。所以C是正确答案。25A 细节题。考查对话结尾及but。女士说“Yes，we are，but the moneyDo we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream”(是啊，我们可以辛勤工作，但是问题在于钱。我们有足够的钱开始运作吗?这听上去就像是一场梦)。所以A是正确答案。Section B26A 细节题。考查文章开头。文章开头提到“it is my privilege to introduce to you today-MrRobert Washington-chief of our citys police force”(今天，我很荣幸向大家介绍市警察局局长罗伯特华盛顿先生)。所以A是正确答案。27D 细节题。考查转折关系however。文中提到“However，you may not know that he also holds a masters degree in criminology”(但是大家可能并不知道，华盛顿先生取得了犯罪学的硕士学位)。所以D是正确答案。28B 细节题。考查强调信息first。文中提到“MrWashington first introduced the Community Policing Program eight years agoThe idea behind the program is to get police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city” (华盛顿先生早在八年前就引入了社区警务项目，这个项目是为了让警察们从车里走入社区，与商贩、居民直接沟通)。所以B是正确答案。29C 细节题。考查文章结尾。文中结尾处提到“And the program seems to be workingCrime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure”(看上去社区警务项目起到了一定的作用，城市的犯罪率降低并且市民们反映他们更有安全感)。所以C是正确答案。30B 细节题。考查文章开头。文中开头提到“There are between 3,000 and 6,000 public languages in the world And we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one Considering these facts，the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number”(全世界有3000到6000种公共语言。由于每人都有属于自己的一种语言，所以还需要再增加60亿种个人语言。考虑到这些因素，我们沟通的障碍将会永无止境)。所以B是正确答案。31C 细节题。考查因果关系because。文中提到“Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before，Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language”(由于小孩可以独立使用单词造句，乔姆斯基指出婴儿天生具备学习语言的能力)。所以C是正确答案。32D 细节题。考查文章的结尾。文中结尾提到“This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language but it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways”(这个理论阐明了婴儿有学习语言的潜能，但没有解释婴儿是通过何种方式掌握语言的)。所以D是正确答案。33B 细节题。考查文章开头。文中开头提到“Higginbotham，who grew up in Chicago，and became an engineer before joining NASA”(希金博特姆出生于芝加哥，在进入美国国家航空航天局之前是一名工程师)。所以B是正确答案。34C 细节题。考查因果关系because。文中提到“Each speech is different，because she tailors her remarks to each audience”(因为希金博特姆对每次的听众都能做到“量体裁衣”，所以她的每一次演讲都是不同的)。所以C是正确答案。35A 细节题。文中提到“Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?”(宇航员为了抵御太空中的敌人，是否需要佩戴武器)。所以A是正确答案。Section C36 trend 根据定冠词the及后面的动词continue，不难判断出本空需要填入一个名词，结合语义大致可以推断出填入的名词应表示“趋势”。37phenomenon 本空单词拼写较难。38scene39offenses 空格前的few修饰可数名词，所以空格中填入名词的复数形式。40murder 根据robbery，rape，and auto theft这个平行并列结构可知，本空需要填入名词的单数形式。41particularly42explosion 根据语法结构判断本空需要填入一个名词。43associated 考查常用搭配associated with。44changing national borders，greater economic growth，and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong45are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history46failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems Part IV Reading Comprehension (ReadinginDepth)Section A57A 推理题。定位到文章第一段，文章第一段讲述了男性往往比女性更容易患病早亡，并列举了一些数据。因此如果男性读者能够读到第一段，便是有幸躲过严重疾病的人。对应的正确答案为A，即因为他们现在更有可能在经历了严重的疾病之后活下来。B和D选项错误在于文章并没有提及寿命的延长；C为强干扰性选项，错在仅重复了文章首句的字面意思，而没有深入理解作者的意图。58B 细节题。定位到文章第二段最后一句话。原文中的more importantly对应题干中的most important reason。本题考查的是对比关系，答案选B“男人不像女人一样频繁地求助于医疗”。文章第二段提到men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke，但是注意本题问的是the most important reason，由破折号及其后的but perhaps more importantly，可以轻松排除A和C；而选项 D的内容在原文中与题干内容是并列关系，而非因果关系。59A 推理题。本题考查对句子隐含意思的理解。根据原文的意思，可以判断本句是条件关系，因此可以判断“如果会在他身上发生”，后面省略的应该是“也会在我身上发生”，故A选项为正确答案。该题属于四级阅读中并不多见的把句子补充完整的考法，其实质是考查考生对句子意思的推断性理解。60D 语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第九段。语义题的做法是根据相邻的句子判断所考查单词、词组或句子的意思。ostrich approach后面的句子对这个词组进行了解释，D选项与其构成同义替换，即原文中的scared of对应选项中的fear，would rather not know对应unwillingness to find out(不愿意发现)，所以选D。61B 细节题。对应文章最后一段。B选项与原文最后一段中Cart mill的话构成了同义替换，即save money对应cheaper。A选项与原文意思相反；C选项中psychological(心理的)一词原文并未提及； D选项根据原文意思无法推出。该题考查的是转折关系，四级考查转折关系时，答案往往出现在转折词之后。Passage Two62B 细节题。本题考查因果关系。根据题干信息定位到文章第三段，而答案出现在文章第二段，原文的二、三段构成了一组因果关系。正确答案为B“人们宁愿向身边的人提及他们的不愉快经历”，其中，“身边的人”对应原文中的“朋友、亲戚、同事和陌生人”。A选项意思与原文相反；C和D选项均为原文没有提及的信息。63D 推理题。题干明确指出了本题的定位点在第四段第二行。原句意思为“顾客也必须去寻找相应的替代”。前半句说“商店失去了顾客”，所以前后分句分别从商店和顾客的角度指出了不投诉的后果。题目的难点在于对replacement指代内容的理解。A选项的错误在于认为replacement所指的内容是顾客，原文中顾客是施动者，即顾客去寻找替代，而A选项中顾客变成了受动者，即被替代的对象，因此指代错误。B和C选项错在原文只谈及了顾客要找相应的替代，但是并没有指出究竟是否能找到，所以B和C无法从原文推出。64B 细节题。定位到文章第八段第一句话：some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants”，因此答案为B选项“不再有停车的麻烦”。本题只要定位准确，A、C、D选项可以直接排除。65A 细节题。题干中有最高级most，对应原文倒数第三段的more importantly。原文的信息为diplomatic(世故的，练达的)和polite(礼貌的)，A选项中的manners正好归纳了这两个单词，所以答案选A。本题与64题考查的都是定位能力。66C 细节题。定位到文章最后一段，题干信息better shopping experience与原文中的improved shopping experience对应。答案为C选项“直接向商店经理提出不满”，对应原文中的filing complaint to the retailer。 A选项中的exert pressure(施加压力)原文中无对应信息；B选项对应倒数第三段，为非定位点信息；D选项原文并未提及。 09年6月1. A. He just wouldnt look her in the dye。2. C cultural ignorance3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures。4.B A personnel training company。5. D he must get rid of his gender bias6.C It helped him make fair decisions。7.A He told him to get the dates right。8. embarrassed9. inclusiveness10. differences and similarities听力：短对话11. She has always enjoyed great popularity12. They are going to have a holiday13. He was very courageous14. Buy a new washing machine15. He is not excited about his new position16. The man offers to drive the women to the party17. Finalizing a contract18. She ordered some paper长对话19 He can no longer work at sea20 She passed away years ago21 She has never got on with her father22 He is excellent but looks bad-tempered23 Some of the packs do not contain manuals24 solve the problem at her companys cost25 Ideal短文：26 C its entertaining27C they may catch some disease28D continue the feeding till it get warm29C he will lie whenever he wants30A she made him apologize31D move furniture for her32A the atmosphere they live in is rather unreal33D he has too much to know the value of things34D she has no time to do it herself35D the lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies复合式听写答案： 36 concentrated 40 row 37 information 41 suspected38 depends 42 phenomenon (现象)39 straight 43 efficiently44 our second rule of learning is this: it is better to study fairly briefly but often。45 Lets say you are trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards。46 The answer is it is better to space out the presentations of the word you are to learn。57 A it inspired many leading designers to start going green58 D quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available 59 D are gaining more and more support60 A she doesnt seem to care about it61 B it has a very promising future62 B a persons hair may reveal where they have lived。63 C food and drink leave traces in ones body tissues64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland。65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system。66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work。2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解11. A。12. B。13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C20. B21. C22. A23. D24. B25. A 26. C27. C28. A 29. B30. D31.A 32. C33. A34. D 36. classified，37. background38. album39. appreciate40. context41. imply42. image43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing。particularly可替换为especially，be mixed with意为“与混合”。也可写为Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptive writing和critical writing。45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processing writing，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shoot a film，意为拍电影。采分点为how to do something和 technique。46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为more than one type of technique is used in writing。一项新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。总之，它们都是受过良好教育的中产阶级家庭，父母双亲都和孩子住在一起。当孩子两岁时，研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。该研究将发表在应用发展心理学杂志第十一期。科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量、使用不同词汇的数量、他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。通常，父亲比母亲说的少，但是在话语的长度和问问题的多少方面，他们没有差别。最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究人员对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度、养育孩子的质量和父亲使用不同词汇的数量。令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。该研究的主要作者那达亚潘克索发说：“大家都公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”也可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的语言发展产生了很大的影响。她又讲到，“或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”Section BPassage One篇章结构本文是一篇议论文，选自新闻周刊2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关注米歇尔奥巴马，因为作为准第一夫人，米歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对黑人女性带有成见的看法，因此米歇尔将代表所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人对她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。核心词汇9. candidate n. 候选人，申请求职者【文中实例】Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. 在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。【实例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。他作为民主党候选人参选。【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nominee n. 申请者，候选人10. fascinate v. 使着迷，使极感兴趣【文中实例】Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, .我更期待米歇尔奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，。【实例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。【举一反三】派生词 fascinated a. 着迷的;fascinating a. 令人着迷的;fascination n. 魅力11. prevailing a. 普遍的，盛行的，流行的【文中实例】The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. 时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。【实例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观【举一反三】派生词prevail (over) v. 胜过，压倒，占优势12. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法【文中实例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. 在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。【实例拓展】Its wrong to stereotype people, as if they were all alike. 把人们看作都是一样的，这是错误的。【举一反三】派生词stereotype v. 使模式化 stereotyped a. 固定化的，老一套的13. commit v. 承诺，使受约束【文中实例】Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, 在有机会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，。【实例拓展】He has committed himself to support them. 他答应负担他们的生活。【举一反三】派生词committed a. 坚定的，忠诚的;commitment n. 承诺，诺言6. feature n. 特写，专题报道【文中实例】Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women,. 因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，。【实例拓展】a frontpage feature on coal mining 头版上关于采煤的特写【举一反三】词义扩展feature n. 特征，容貌;v. 以为特征，特写难句解析1. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget.【解析】when引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的familiar with the state government是形容词短语作定语，修饰leader;而句末a major source of the universitys budget 是同位语来说明the state government。【译文】例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。2. In 2003，when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yales financial position.”【解析】句首的when 从句是非限制性定语从句，补充说明2003。句子的主句是the universitystressed that，其中that引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为she had overseen a major strengthening。【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。3. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是The globalization of education means。但其后的宾语从句的结构复杂，该从句的主干是more universities will be seeking heads，heads 之后的with international experience of some kind 是介词短语做定语。句末的to promote international programs and attract a global student body是目的状语。【译文】教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。试题详解62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? 62. 文章中讨论的目前高等教育的趋势是什么?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S. A) 世界范围的高校正在从美国聘请管理人员。B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. B) 大量政治活动家被聘为管理人员。C) American universities are enrolling more international students. C) 美国大学扩招留学生.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising D) 大学校长更加注重筹措资金。【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中the current trend in higher education，定位答案在第二段最后两句。【正确项分析】根据这两句话Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. 如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。选项A意思与之相近，故选择A。【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力”，D项表述与原文不符。B、C项文中均未提及。63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? 62.在聘请高层管理人员时，美国大学主要考虑的问题是什么?A) The political correctness. A) 政治方向的准确性。B) Their ability to raise funds. B) 筹措资金的能力。C) Their fame in academic circles. C) 学术界的声誉。D) Their administrative experience. D) 管理经验。【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中the chief consideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。【正确项分析】在第三段The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising。选项B中的raise funds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? 64. 从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪些信息?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. A) 学费迅速上涨。B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. B) 学校运转受到政府严格监督。C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. C) 他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。D) Most of their revenues come from the government. D) 大部分资金来源于政府。【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干European universities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句Many European universities are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。【干扰项分析】B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _? 65. 牛津大学为什么任命艾莉森理查德为副校长?A) She was known to be good at raising money. A) 她在筹措资金方面有名B) She could help strengthen its ties with Yale. B) 她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系C) She knew how to attract students overseas C) 她知道如何吸引海外学生。D) she had boosted Yales academic status. D) 她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。【正确项分析】根据the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yales fi