塑胶颗粒加工再利用项目可行性研究报告.doc

Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.Lesson65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a childrens hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them,塑胶颗粒加工再利用项目可行性研究报告第一章 总论一.项目概要（1）项目名称：塑胶颗粒加工再利用项目（2）主办单位：居巢区夏阁工业集中区投资公司（3）主管部门：居巢区发展和改革委员会（4）项目负责人：李先锐（5）通讯联络：地址：居巢区机关大院联系人：何海军二.项目编制范围根据国务院国发（2005）22号国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见及“十一五”资源综合利用指导意见精神，运用循环经济理念，倡导循环再利用，充分利用废旧轮胎的再生资源，加工生产出塑胶系列产品，缓解橡胶资源紧张，环境安全卫生问题。本次在认真进行调查论证的基础上，对项目建设的可行性，市场前景进行分析，拟定建设方案、生产规模、生产工艺技术方案、设备选型，并进行投资预算和经济效益预测及分析。三.项目编制依据1.国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见2005年;2.安徽省关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见2005年;3.中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法2004年;4.国家当前优先发展高技术产业化重点领域指南（2007年度）2007年;5.中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法2003年;6.国家鼓励发展的资源节约综合利用和环境保护技术2005年；7.国务院关于做好建设节约型社会近期重点工作的通知2005年；8.国务院关于印发节能减排综合性工作方案的通知2007年；9.产业结构调整指导目录(2005年本)2005年；10.“十一五”资源综合利用指导意见2007年；11.中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要2006年；12.安徽省国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要2006年；13.国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要2006年；14.国家发改委等关于建设项目经济评价工作若干规定2004年;15.国家发改委等建设项目经济评价与参数（第三版）2006年;16.安徽省及统计年鉴（2007年）;17.国家、省、市各级政府及部门颁发的相关文件、法则、政策；18.2007年物价参数。四.可行性研究报告主要结论和主要经济指标（1）可研报告结论1、产品方案及生产规模本项目设计破碎加工塑胶颗粒1.8万吨/年，生产体育场地塑胶跑道1250000平方米/年，人行道彩色弹性地砖500000平方米/年，家庭卫生间防滑垫250000平方米/年，社区橡塑休闲运动场地500000平方米/年。2、厂址选择本项目位于居巢区夏阁工业集中区内。3、生产工艺和设备对回收的废旧轮胎进行清洗，用专业轮胎拉丝机将轮胎内的钢丝拉出，再由破碎机械，逐级将轮胎粉碎成细小颗粒；经皮带输送装置分别通过金属分离器和纤维分离器，分离出杂质，通过旋转筛的进一步筛选，得到均匀的颗粒。本项目设备主要有轮胎拉丝机、橡胶切断机、破碎机、超细粉碎机、金属分离器、纤维分离器、旋转筛等。4、原料、动力供应原料：主要原料的来源主要是由企业或企业委托物资回收部门从市场上收购废弃轮胎；收购橡胶制品企业、轮胎厂加工后的边角料、下脚料等；供电：巢湖供电属华东电网，电力资源充足。一条220万伏和两条110万伏高压线路途经巢湖，在项目区夏阁镇建有35KV变电所，T接35KV高压输电线，变配成10KV低压电线，就可供生产生活用电。供水：镇区内现有一水厂，供水规模达到3000m3/d，现该厂的主供水管道已接至项目区，可满足项目用水需求。5、环境保护染源种类本项目为机械加工型，生产过程中存在少量废水、固体废弃物及噪声影响。废水：主要为加工过程中清洗的废水和生活污水，直接排放会造成环境污染。固体废弃物:本项目的固体废弃物主要为生活垃圾。噪声：主要为机械设备运行时产生的噪音。染源治理措施工业废水：自建循环供水站，对生产中产生的工业废水，经沉淀池过滤后，进行循环再利用；生活废水：建化粪池，分解后，清液排入污水管网，汇入夏阁镇污水处理厂统一处理，达标排放。噪声：建隔音装置。厂区内车间周围和道路两侧结合厂区布局规划进行绿化设计，净化空气、减弱噪声，达到调温调湿减噪的效果。固体废弃物: 对生产、生活废弃物进行集中收集,清理。送至市万山处理场，统一处理。6、劳动定员及劳动力来源劳动定员：项目总定员60名，其中行管人员10名，技术人员12名，生产工人33人，服务人员5人。生产工人按岗定员，服务工人按需定员，行政管理人员按公司职能和运营需求设立行政管理、财务、销售、采购、技术及办事人员，本着需要和精简的原则配置人员。劳动力来源：主要管理行政人员从公司选派，主要技术人员就地招聘有经验的待业人员，生产人员、后勤人员就地招收下岗工人、城市待业人员和农村富余劳动力。生产人员需经过培训才可上岗。7、项目实施进度项目建设期为1年（不包括项目前期工作），计划2009年组织实施，主要内容为土建及公用工程、设备选购及安装调试，要确保达到设计要求，建成后力争1年后达产。（2）项目总投资及主要技术经济指标 主要技术指标序号指 标 名 称单 位数 量1生产规模平方米/年25000002装机容量KW13723年电耗量万度274.44年用水量m3675005厂区占地面积亩1006建筑总面积m2306007总投资万元50608固定资产投资万元41609铺底流动资金万元90010全厂定员人6011劳动生产率万元/人年45412达产年销售收入万元2721513达产年总成本万元2399914达产年销售税金万元115015达产年利润总额万元271616投资利润率%53.6917投资利税率%89.9518销售利润率%9.9819销售利税率%16.7020所得税后财务内部收益率（i=10%）%33.8421税后累计财务净现值（i=10%）万元897722税后投资回收期（含建设期）年4.35第二章 项目背景及必要性 一.项目提出背景 1.中国体育事业的发展 中国是一个文明古国，有着5000多年的文明史，体育运动自古就有，武术是灿烂文化中的瑰宝，是传统的健身项目，几千年来源远流长，骑马、射箭、摔跤、钓鱼、龙舟、棋类等体育活动也广为流传。但近代体育的发展较晚，在19世纪末才传入中国。 虽然起步晚，但是中国的体育运动随着国家的不断发展而得以迅速发展和广泛普及。党和政府重视体育工作，把增强人民的体质，提高全民族的健康水平，作为社会主义体育事业的首要任务。多项体育协会、团体成立，广泛开展体育运动，国家针对体育运动编写了体育法、全面健身计划纲要，并将体育运动编入了国民经济五年计划中。随着体育运动的发展，对场地的要求也越来越高，塑胶跑道成为目前的首选。 2.全民健身运动中国的首部体育法于1995年获得通过，同年国务院颁布全民健身计划纲要，这些纲领的颁布旨在全面提高国民体质和健康水平的“全民健身计划”，倡导全民做到每天参加一次以上的体育健身活动，学会两种以上健身方法，每年进行一次体质测定。 全民健身计划的目标是，到2010年，全国经常参加体育锻炼的人数将达到总人口的40%左右，国民体质有明显的增强；体育锻炼场所有较大增加，以满足人民群众的健身需求。今年是我国举办奥运的一年，从奥运申办成功的那一天起，我们的国民都在积极投身在健身运动中，因此兴建了很多体育健身中心，休闲场所，全国现有各类体育场馆61.6万个，绝大多数公共体育场馆已向社会开放；各城市社区、公园广场、草坪和路旁以及居民聚居的地段，普遍设立了便民的健身场所，并配置形式多样的体育健身器械和设施。塑胶跑道以其鲜艳的色彩，弹性好赢得了大众的青睐。 3.中小学体育教育的现状 青少年是中国未来的希望，青少年的体质健康水平不仅关系个人健康成长和幸福生活，而且关系整个民族健康素质，关系我国人才培养的质量。 在学校紧抓教学质量的同时，有时会忽略掉学生的体育锻炼，因而我国的青少年普遍达不到国家体质健康的基本要求，耐力、力量、速度等体能素质差，肥胖和近视的发生率明显上升，为此国家在中共中央 国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见中提出在当前和今后一个时期，要认真落实健康第一的指导思想，把增强学生体质作为学校教育的基本目标之一，建立健全学校体育工作机制，充分保证学校体育课和学生体育活动，广泛开展群众性青少年体育活动和竞赛，加强体育卫生设施和师资队伍建设，全面完善学校、社区、家庭相结合的青少年体育网络，培养青少年良好的体育锻炼习惯和健康的生活方式，形成青少年热爱体育、崇尚运动、健康向上的良好风气和全社会珍视健康、重视体育的浓厚氛围。 随着学校体育运动的正规化，体育场地设施的好坏也直接影响着学生的身体健康，因而学校的体育场地要求也更高，塑胶场地以其能降低运动过程中的伤害成为学校场地的首选。 4.大量废旧轮胎的产生 随着世界汽车工业和公路交通运输业的快速发展，对各种轮胎的需求量也日益增加。目前，世界轮胎的年销量达十几亿条。而为了确保安全，每辆汽车平均行驶3万到5万公里就须更换一次轮胎，如此一来，造成了世界轮胎年报废量高达十几亿条，1700多万吨的状况。 据统计，美国是世界上轮胎消耗最大的国家，每年报废的轮胎约2.8亿条之多。日本是仅次于美国的世界第二大轮胎消耗大国，每年报废的轮胎约近亿条。中国是世界上第三大轮胎生产国，据统计，2005年我国产生废轮胎大约为1.25亿条，约合324万吨。预计2010年废旧轮胎的产生量将达到2亿条，废旧轮胎已经成为新的固体废弃物污染源。 大量报废轮胎的产生，回收和利用的工作没有跟上,废旧轮胎成了环保的一大难题。专家们指出, 废旧轮胎具有很强的抗热、抗生物、抗机械性，且很难降解，几十年都不会自然消失掉。长期丢弃在自然环境中，不仅占用大量土地，浪费资源,而且极易滋生蚊虫传播疾病，严重污染环境,会形成一种新的“黑色污染”；还容易引发火灾。 5.天然橡胶的紧缺 橡胶（Rubber）：具有可逆形变的高弹性聚合物材料。在室温下富有弹性，在很小的外力作用下能产生较大形变，除去外力后能恢复原状。橡胶属于完全无定型聚合物，它的玻璃化转变温度（T g）低， 分子量往往很大，大于几十万。 橡胶的分子链可以交联，交联后的橡胶受外力作用发生变形时，具有迅速复原的能力，并具有良好的物理力学性能和化学稳定性。橡胶是橡胶工业的基本原料，广泛用于制造轮胎、胶管、胶带、电缆及其他各种橡胶制品。 天然橡胶与煤炭、钢铁、石油并列为四大工业原料，橡胶产业是关系国计民生的基础产业，在国民经济发展和国防建设的各个方面具有十分广泛的产业关联度，历来被世界各国作为战略物资。 随着我国经济的快速发展，天然橡胶的缺口越来越大，已成为继石油、铁矿石以及有色金属后又一大宗紧缺战略性资源，橡胶产量难以满足国家战略需求的被动局面和严峻形势已经显现。 6.塑胶再利用 从2001年开始，我国已成为世界第一大橡胶消费国和进口国，占全球总消耗量的1/5强，2004年我国消费橡胶178万吨，国产橡胶57万吨，仅占32%，超过2/3的需求量依赖进口，自给率以平均每年2.6%的速度下降。 据预测，2010年我国橡胶需求量将达到235万吨，2020年达到279万吨。而到2010年国内橡胶资源供给量最多只能达到72万吨，2020年为90万吨，国内橡胶资源供给潜力非常有限，届时将有163189万吨的橡胶依赖进口，对国际橡胶资源的依存度将逐年加剧。再加上世界橡胶生产和消费大国加大资源控制力度，进口橡胶受到限制，国内现有量也满足不了需求量。 因而回收塑胶进行再生利用，一方面可以代替橡胶，缓解了天然橡胶的严重匮乏；另一方面使废旧橡胶实现了回收再利用，解决了废旧橡胶污染环境的问题。 2006年，中国生产再生橡胶165万吨，占世界再生橡胶总产量的85%。截至2007年11月，中国已能够生产包括轮胎、胶鞋、杂胶、浅色、专用、特种、出口等七大系列30多个品种的再生橡胶产品；全国已有再生橡胶企业700多家，从业人数达10万人；形成了山西平遥、汾阳，河北玉田、沧州，江苏南通，浙江温州、宁波等几个规模超过10万吨级的再生橡胶生产基地；建立了废轮胎回收、拆解、加工、再生和深加工一条龙的产业链。 二.项目建设必要性 1.是体育事业发展的需要 随着国民经济的持续发展，人们生活水平的逐渐提高，人们在满足物质需要的同时，也开始关注体育运动，也乐于投身体育锻炼中，以提高自己的身体体质。 经济社会的发展为体育事业的进一步发展奠定了更加坚实的基础，创造了更加有利的环境和条件，但是与发达国家相比，我们还存在诸多不足，人均体育场地处于低水平、体育场地设施资源少等问题，因而在体育事业“十一五”规划中，还特别提到要加强城乡社区体育设施建设。 体育场地设施也有着更高的要求，而塑胶跑道与以往的砂石路面相比，拥有弹性好、经久耐用等优点，成为体育场地铺设的首选。 2.是全民健身运动掀起的需要 随着北京申办奥运的成功，为我国体育事业的发展提供了重大机遇和新的动力。越来越多的人参与到体育锻炼中来，全民健身运动达到了高潮。 “十一五”时期体育事业发展的总体目标是：以举办和参加2008年奥运会为契机，广泛开展群众体育活动，初步建成具有中国特色的全民健身体系，不断满足群众日益增长的体育文化需求，使全民族的健康素质明显改善。 为此国家在全民健身计划纲要中提出要把体育场地设施建设纳入城乡建设规划，落实国家关于城市公共体育设施用地定额和学校体育场地设施的规定。任何单位和个人不得侵占体育场地设施或挪作它用。各种国有体育场地设施都要向社会开放，加强管理，提高使用效率，并且为老年人、儿童和残疾人参加体育健身活动提供便利条件。 同时，越来越多的体育健身中心、休闲场所的建立，更是为群众提供了休闲锻炼的场所，这些场所的新建也给塑胶制品带来了希望。 3.是学校体育建设发展的需要 广大青少年身心健康、体魄强健、意志坚强、充满活力，是一个民族旺盛生命