初中名词的分类,名词的用法.doc

学习目标：音标 元音/a:/ / / / /: / 和辅音/t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 名词的学习 名词变复数 名词所有格一、找出在单词中发相同音素的字母，并因此给下列单词分类 car garden star guitar dance ask past answer March 通过观察上面单词中都含有相同的音素 ； ； ； ； ； ； 故发音标 的字母组合特点是 come love son brother Monday other nothing bus cop luck mutton summer up luck 通过观察上面单词中都含有相同的音素 ； ； ； ； ； ；故发音标 的字母组合特点是 Clock job pop shop office wash want wallet ball call small talk walk 通过观察上面单词中都含有相同的音素 ； ； ； ； ； ；故发音标 的字母组合特点是 Call ball warm quarter draw August autumn sport forty order door floor 通过观察上面单词中都含有相同的音素 ； ； ； ； ； ；故发音标 的字母组合特点是 Tape table set fat dad date day doctor daugher Key book look make sock black week get go big 通过观察上面单词中都含有相同的音素 ； ； ； ； ； ； 故发音标 的字母组合特点是 二、十大词类请写出下列词类的英文缩写1.名词 2.动词 3.形容词 4.副词 5代词 6数词 7介词 8 冠词 9连词 10感叹词 实词：指有实际意义，能独立承担句子成分的词。实词有词形变化。3、 名词的学习名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词。（如Jim,cup,desk, boy,woman,water,hour,Wuhan,far 等）名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等 个体名词 student class book house 可数名词 普通名词 (有单复数之分) 集体名词 family, class 物质名词：自然物质，食品 ，饮料等 不可数名词 （没有复数形式） 抽象名词：情感，品质，概念等 hapiness名词的数 (一）写出下列名词的复数情况。 class box watch brush kinef family boy toy woman child key desk bread water tomato life sheep Chinese schoolbag cup son Watch piano restaurant child hospital street road country mountain massgae pet zoo host actor总结：可数名词变复数的规律 1 名词变复数的规则变化： （1）一般在词尾加-s (清辅音后读/s/ ，浊辅音后读/z/) （2）以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的(加-es 读/iz/） 例如： (boxes buses dishes watches) （3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es；元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s 4） 以o结尾的词：加-es;加-s （黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）（广播录像动物园，钢琴袋鼠照相片） （5）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es （半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙） half leaf self wife knife wolf shelf thief life 2 名词变复数的不规则变化：（1）变内部元音 （oo-ee; a-e） man-men tooth-teeth foot-feet（2）词尾加-en或-ren child- children （3）单、复数词形相同的词(人在中国日本和瑞士，喜欢绵羊鹿和鱼) Japanese Chinese（4）汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形式，但要用斜体yuan,jiao（5）表示“某国人”的名词，单复数变化情况： 单复数形式相同；变词尾的man为men； 词尾加-s( German, human)（7）复合名词的复数变化 主要词变复数:passer-by_ passers-by father-in-law_ fathers-in-law 前后两词都变复数:man teacher- men teachers (二)不可数名词的数 1 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，只能借助数词和量词来表示一定的数量，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。 2 表示方法：“数词或冠词+量词（单数或复数）+of+不可数名词” a piece of bread/paper/ news two cups of coffee 3 抽象名词在一些固定词组中可用作可数名词 例如： take a walk catch a cold 修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词manymuch很多fewlittle很少afewalittle一些somesome一些plentyofplentyof许多Alotof/lotsofAlotof/lotsof许多表示有两部分构成的东西，若表示具体数目，要借用数量词pair一双鞋子在床底下。 有一串钥匙在露西的书包里。 四，名词所有格（1）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。 如：Childerns Day(儿童节), 愚人节 妇女节 my sisters book(我姐姐的书) （2）以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。 如：Teachers Day(教师节)（3）如果两个名词并列并且都加s则表示分别有；只有s一个则表示共有例如： Johns and Marys room are so big . John and Marys room is very clean.（4）复数名词和短语， 加在最后一个词的词尾例如： a month or twos leave a two months holiday ( a two-month holiday)（5）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息), Chinas population(中国的人口).（6）无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：the cover of the book(书的封面).名词的用法1 作主语(句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事) 爸爸在武汉上班 我的妹妹今年10岁了。 同学们正在音乐室里唱歌。 2 作表语（放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征） 翻译：这是一个很美丽的城市。天是蓝的，云是很低的，树是绿的，花是甜的，水是清澈的 ， 我和小伙伴们都非常喜欢这里。这真是一个好玩的地方。 3 作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语 （表示及物动词动作的对象）人称代词的宾格有单数 复数 We are studying maths now.He often reads the newspaper before supper. 练习一、1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orange B. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ tohis home .A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person5. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and apples B. chickens and appleC. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and PeterC. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team _having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions练习二、1. All the _teachers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two- storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teachers Day 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 11 Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour. 7 A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. This nice blouse isnt mine. Its _. A. you B. your C. Lucy D. yours 13. Whats potato in Chinese?Its _ . A. 香蕉 B. 大白菜 C. 西红柿 D. 土豆 14 The ninth month of a year is _. A. December B. November C. September D. October 15. A: Must I leave now? B: No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont 16. We have a history lesson _Wednesday afternoon. A. on B. of C. at D. to 17. Suan has made quite _friends since she came to China. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 9.