初中英语名词讲解及其练习.doc

名 词 讲 解一、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示一类人或物的个体集体名词表示一群人或一类物的集合体不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念二、名词的数 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。1. 单数变复数的规则情况构成方法例词一般情况以“辅音字母+y”结尾以“元音字母+y”结尾以s, sh, ch, x等结尾以f或fe结尾部分以o结尾【注】 ch读/k/时，其复数形式应加s，如stomachs（胃，腹部） 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下： 妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光。2. 不规则复数形式构成方法例词a变eoo变eeouse变为ice词尾加ren单复数同形【注】 man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher men teachers，_（男医生） - _(女职员)； 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀：男女警察英法人，都是将man变成men。脚、牙oo变ee，child加上ren。鹿和绵羊是一家，单变复时不变化。3. “某国人”的复数形式 “中日不变英法变，其余s加后边”国家名国籍单数复数China中国人Japan日本人England英国人France法国人Australia澳大利亚人Russia俄国人三、名词所有格在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加s表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1. 有生命的名词所有格（1）单数名词的所有格加s。如：母亲节_ 朱迪的办公室_（2）以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加。如：教师节_ 学生用书_（3）姓氏以s结尾，也可直接加。如： Jones的包包_ （4）不规则的复数名词变所有格加s。如：儿童读物_妇女节_（5）表示两人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加s。如： 莉莉和露西的爸爸_ 约翰和玛丽的课桌_（6）表示两人各自所有时，则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。 王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸_ 露西的房间和莉莉的房间_2. 无生命的名词所有格（1）无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示，如：桌腿 _ 书名_（2）表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有，如： Chinas future_ todays newspaper_ 十分钟的路程_ 两周的假期_3. 双重所有格 双重所有格就是将of结构与s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，如： a friend of Toms _ a friend of mine _4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词，如： at Johns (home) _ at the doctors (office) _实战演练一. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式： In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, thats true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”二. 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式： homework _ half _ advice_ money _ food _ foot _music _ chicken _ mouth _bread _ information _milk _cow _ orange _ water _三. 选择填空：（ ）1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots（ ）2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens（ ）3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans（ ）4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors（ ）5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse（ ）6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch（ ）7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths（ ）8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men（ ）9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss（ ）10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices四 .名词所有格练习：（ ）1. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 20 years B. 20 years C. 20-years D. 20-years（ ）2. This is a _ bike. _ is over there. A. visitors; My B. visitors; Mine C. visitor; My（ ）3. Wang Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctors C. doctors D. doctor（ ）4. This is _ , and I borrowed it two days ago. A. a picture of Mr. Cox B. a picture of Mr. Coxs C. a Mr. Cox picture D. Mr. Coxs pictures（ ）5. These are _ books. Li Ming bought some at this bookstore and Brain bought some at that bookstore. A. Li Mings and Brain B. Li Ming and Brains C. Li Mings and Brain D. Li Mings and Brains（ ）6. He is _ . A. one student of my mother B. one of my mothers student C. my mothers students D. one student of my mothers（ ）7. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. thirty minutes walk B. walk of thirty minutes C. walk of thirty minutes D. thirty minutes walk（ ）8. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womens C. womens D. womans9. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.10. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)11. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.12. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.13. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?14. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).15. _(教师节) is on September 10th .16. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.17. We are very happy on _(儿童节).18. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.五. 名词复数形式和数词的练习：1. There are _(58个学生)in our class.2. There are _(22个孩子) in the room.3. I can see _(六杯茶) on the table.4. There are