初中英语宾语从句课件

TheObjectClause 宾语从句 Weknowhim WeknowhelikesEnglish 主s 主s 谓v 谓v 宾o 宾o 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 简单句 复合句 一什么是宾语从句 试比较 DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut 宇航员 Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone Idon tknowifhewillcometonight Let sfindoutwhat sontonight FindouttheObjectClauses WeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld 宾语从句 Theobjectclause 定义 复合句中 放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句 宾语从句学习要点 一 引导词二 语序三 时态四 宾语从句和简单句转换五 直接引语间接引语转换六 否定转移 宾语从句的反意疑问句 标点 三要素 2 由连接代词Who whom whose which what和连接副词where how why when引导的宾语从句 这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份 e g 1 Doyouknowwhosebookitis 谁的 作定语 2 Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate 为什么 作状语 3 Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion 谁 作主语 注 that在句中无词义 在从句中不能充当句子成分 在口语中往往被省略 e g Ihear that hewillbebackinanhour 1 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 一 宾语从句的引导词 3 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 e g Iwanttoknowif whethersheisright Theydidn tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot if whether表示 是否 之义 在句中不充当句子成份 4 If与whether的区别 Idon tknow hewillcomeornot Idon tcareof heishandsome Hewondered tostayherethenextweek hewillcomeisnotdecided 与ornot连用只能用whether 与todo不定式连用只能用whether 作主语只能用whether 介词后只能用whether 看一看 Idon tknowifitwillraintomorrow Ifitrains I llstayathome Iwanttoknowwhenhewillcomeback Whenhecomesback pleasetellme 想一想 when和if可以引导什么从句 它们的时态有什么特点 when和if既可以引导宾语从句 也可以引导状语从句 在宾语从句中 时态根据需要确定 在状语从句中 遵循主将从现的原则 5 If when区别练习 1 Ifit rain tomorrow Iwon tcome 2 Hedidn ttellmeifit rain tomorrow 3 Idon tknowifhe come tomorrow Ifhe come I lltellyou 4 Whenit stop raining we llgoswimming 5 Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm start I llleaveforamoment wouldrain rains willcome comes stops willstart 如果 是否 是否 如果 当 的时候 什么时候 填写合适的引导词 1Canyoutellme youwereborn Betty A whoB whatC whenD that2Idon tknow theyhavepassedtheexam A whatB ifC whenD where3Ihardlyunderstand hehastoldme A thatB whatC whichD who4Shedidn tknow backsoon A whetherhewouldbeB ifwouldhebeC hewillbe C A B B 5 Idon tknow hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears A whetherBwhereC whatD when6 Doyouknow theylistenedtoyesterdayevening A whatBwhenCwhyDhow7 Heaskedme toldmetheaccident AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose8 Heaskedhisfriend togothereornot A ifBwhetherC whatD that C A A B HelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime 二 宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序 即是 主语在前 谓语在后 的顺序 改一改 将下列问句变成陈述句 1 Canheswim swim 2 Doeshehaveapen apen 3 Whichplacedidhegoto Whichplace 4 What swrongwithyou 5 Whathappenedtoyou 6 Whichisthewaytothestation 想一想为什么4 5 6语序不变 Hecan Hehas hewentto Whathappenedtoyou What swrongwithyou 说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后 变成一个宾语从句 Whichisthewaytothestation Canyoutellme Iwanttoknow Iwonder Pleasetellme e g Canyoutellmeif whetherhecanswim 3 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确 IthinkthathewillcometoChinanextyear Iwanttoknowifhewasathomeyesterday Canyoutellmewheredoesyourmotherwork Doyouknowwhocananswerthequestion Pleasetelluswhereisthehospital yourmotherworks thehospitalis T T T F F 三 宾语从句中时态的变化 填一填 was is willcook issinging hasbeen wasplaying hadlearned 1 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句的时态不作限制 我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态 需要性原则 2 当主句是一般过去时的时候 宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态 从而达到主句和从句的相互一致 呼应性原则 1 HewillgotoHongKong 2 Heissick 3 Heisreadingabook 4 Hehasfinishedhiswork 1 HetoHongKong 2 Hesick 3 Heabook 4 He 辨一辨 wouldgo was wasreading hiswork hadfinished 确定从句的时态 根据主句时态 主句时态 从句时态 连接前 连接后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 3 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时 就不用受到主句时态的限制 仍是用一般现在时态 特殊性原则 Hetoldme that SummerisafterSpring Iwastold that thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon Myparentstoldme that nonewsisgoodnews 比一比 Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem 1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive 2SheknewthatDannyisastudent 3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn 4Doyouknowwhocaritis was is whose 课堂检测 5Lindasaidthemoon aroundtheearth A traveledB hastraveledC travelsD hadtraveled C 时态练习 1Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem A tookB takeC takesD willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe toGuangzhou A hasnevergoneB hadnevergoneC hasneverbeenD hadneverbeen3Couldyoutellmewhetherthey adictationtoday A hadB has C willhaveD are A D C Couldyoutellme 宾语从句 表达的是委婉的语气 是一般现在时 比一比Idon tknowwhereIshouldgo TellmehowIcandoit Idon tknowwheretogo Tellmehowtodoit 你有什么发现 结论 由wh 词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 todo的简单句 条件 1 主主从主 2 主 间 宾从主练一练1 Idon tknowwhatIshalldonext 变为简单句 Idon tknownext 2 Johndidn tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy 变为简单句 Johndidn tdecide 3 Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop 变为复合句 Canyoutellmethebusstop 4 PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5 变为复合句 CanyoutellLucytheMP5 五 宾语从句与简单句的转换 Whattodo whichbooktobuy howIcangetto howshecanuse 五 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句 e g 1 Hesaid YouareyoungerthanI 2 Hesays Tomisagoodstudent HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 一般疑问句变为if whether 引导的宾语从句 e g Shesaid Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall heasked Sheaskedif whether Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper Heaskedif whether theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 特殊疑问句变为who what when等引导的宾语从句 e g 1 Heasked Wheredoyoulive 2 Howcanwegettothepost office heasked HeaskedwhereIlived Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost office 将下列句子合并为一句 1 Wheredotheystopontheway Iasked 2 Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting Couldyoutellme 3 Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus Heasked 4 Iamdoingmyhomework Hesaid 5 Iwillcomeback Tomsaid Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback 其它问题 否定的转移 当主句的谓语动词是think believe guess suppose且为一般现在时且主语为第1人称时 其后的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上 如 1 Idon believeheisright 我认为他不对2 Shebelieveshedoesn tstudyharder 3 Ithoughtthathewouldn tcomebacksoon 4 Wedon tthinkthatheisfitforthejob Translatethefollowingsentences 1 我认为不会下雨 I thatit 2 我认为你的答案不对 I youranswer right 我们相信他还没走 We thathe don tthink willrain don tthink is don tbelieve hasgone 反意疑问句 一般主谓肯否都根据主句判断 如 TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful don tthey Hedidn tthinkthatthenewsistrue didhe Shedidn tsaythathewouldcomehere 2 当主句主语为I we 主句动词为suppose believe think等 则肯否根据主句判断 但主谓根据从句判断 WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful isn tit