高中英语动词时态、语态知识难点讲解

1 一般现在时 1 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态 常与 sometimes always often every day 等时间状语连用 如 Sometimes we go swimming after school 2 表示客观真理 科学事实等 如 The earth goes round the sun 2 现在进行时 1 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作 常与 now at present 等时间状语连用 如 What are you doing now 2 和 always continually 等连用 表一种经常反复的动作 常含有某种情感 如 He is always doing good deeds 3 现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去 对现在仍有影响 或动作一直延续到现在 或可能还要继续下 去 常与 just already so far once never 等词连用 如 Have you ever been to Beijing 4 一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 常与 tomorrow next year 等连用 如 I ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning We re going to see a film next Monday 5 一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态 常与 yesterday last year in 1998 a moment ago 等词连用 如 It happened many years ago 6 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作 如 What were you doing this time yesterday 7 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 如 The train had already left before we arrived 一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作 如 He said he would come but he didn t 被动语态 被动语态的时态 以 give 为例 时 式 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is given are am is being are has have been given 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来 should be given would should have been given would II 例题 例 I learned that her father in 1950 A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析 该题正确答案为 从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前 但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语 in 1950 所以不用过去完成时态 而用一般过去时态 例 The five year old girl by her parents A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析 该题正确答案为 在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中 介词不能省 否则就变成了不及物动词短语 而不能用于被动语态的句子中 五 动词虚拟语气 I 要点 表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议或与事实相反的假 设等 一般常用于正式的书面语中 虚拟语气的构成 情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 be 要用 were should 动词原形 would 与过去事实相反 had 过去分词 should have 过去分词 would 与将来事实相反 动词过去时 should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 should 动词原形 would 注 如果条件从句谓语动词包含有 were 或 had should could 有时可将 if 省去 但要倒装 如 Had you If you had invited us we would have come to your party 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 惋惜 理应如此等 其谓语形式是 should 可省 动词原形 常用于以下三种句型中 句型一 It is necessary important natural strange etc that 句型二 It is a pity a shame no wonder etc that 句型三 It is suggested requested proposed desired etc that 如 It is strange that he should have done that It is a pity that he should be so careless It is requested that we should be so careless 在宾语从句中用于 suggest propose move insist desire demand request order command 等动词后的宾语从句中 表间接的命令和建议 其谓语形式是 should 动词原形 如 I suggest that we should go swimming 在表语从句中 表示间接的命令 要求 请求 建议 决定等 主句中的主语通常 是 suggestion proposal request orders idea 等 从句谓语形式是 should 动词 原形 如 His suggestion is that we should leave at once 在同位语从句中 谓语形式是 should 动词原形 如 We received order that the work be done at once 在 It is time that 句型中 其谓语动词形式是 动词的过去式 或 should 动词原形 should 不可省 如 It s time that we went should go to school II 例题 例 We had hoped that he longer A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay 解析 该题正确答案为 had hoped 表示 本希望 同样用法的动词还有 think expect 等 后面的句子需用虚拟语气 例 Mary wants to see you today I would rather she tomorrow than today A comes B came C