高中常见介词辨析.doc

一、常见介词介绍inin adj.在里面的, 在朝的adv.进入, 朝里, 在里面, 在屋里Please come in.请进。I called on him; but he wasnt in.我去拜访他，但他不在家。n.执政者, 交情prep.在.期间, 在.之内, 从事于, 穿着In which direction did he go?他朝哪个方向去了？There is a pencil in the box.匣子里有一枝铅笔。One child in twenty has this disease.二十个小阿中有一个患有这种疾病。For conj.因为prep.因为, 至于, 对于, 给I am too old for the job.我年纪太大，做不了这工作。Are you for the government or against it?你是支持还是反对政府？He left for Taipei.他出发去台北。We set off for London.我们动身去伦敦。I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。totu: adv.向前The girl came to after a while.过了一会儿那个女孩醒过来了。prep.向, (表示方向)到, (表示间接关系)给I give a book to him.我给他一本书。She works from two oclock to ten oclock.她从两点钟工作到10点。The government offered to give us financial help.政府提出在经济上给我们援助。He wouldnt dare say rude things about her to her face.他不敢当面对她出言不逊。withwi prep.以, 用, 由于, 关于, 和.一起They smiled with pleasure.他们高兴地微笑着。I have no money with me.我身边没有钱。Off with your clothes!把衣服脱下来！She was dying with hunger.她饿得要死了。The Allied Forces fought with Germany.盟军跟德国交战。On adj.正起作用的Whats on for tonight at the cinema?今晚电影院上映什么片子？adv.上去They talked on until midnight.他们一直谈到深夜。prep.在.之上He is on the school volleyball team.他是校排球队队员。All the expenses fall on me.全部费用由我支付。Ill meet you on / at the corner of Smith Street and Main Road.我将在史密斯大街和湎洇路的十字路口与你会面。bybai adv.经过, 在近处They put money by for later use.他们储存钱以备将来使用。prep.被, 由, 经, 通过, 用, 在.之前The ship sailed north by east.船沿着向北偏东的方向驶去。He sat down just by the door.他正坐在门的旁边。He had finished the work by ten oclock this morning.到今天上午十点钟，他已完成了这项工作。I go by the house every day.我每天路过那所房子。of prep.的, .的, 由.制成的, 关于, 对于He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。We waited for the arrival of the next bus.我们等待下一班汽车的到来。He died of fever.他死于高烧。Mr.Brown is a friend of mine.布朗先生是我的朋友。The house is of stone.这房子是石建的。Under adj.下面的, 从属的adv.在下面, 低于, 在.之下, 遵照, 按照, 少于, 正在受到.The ship went under.船下沉了。prep.在.之下, 低于There is a new music hall near here under construction.附近正在建造一座新的音乐大厅。I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night.我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定又住了一夜。What do bats come under?蝙蝠归属在哪一类？They were playing chess under the tree.他们在树下下棋。overuv adj.上面的adv.结束, 越过, 从头到尾From two blocks over he could hear the thin wail.他从两条街以外的地方就能听到那微弱的哭泣声。The good old times are over.好日子已经过去了。n.额外的东西prep.越过, 在.之上, 遍于.之上Are you staying over Christmas?你打算留下过圣诞节吗？It costs over ten dollars.它值十多美元。vt.越过above adj.上面的, 上述的adv.在上面Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。See the examples given above.见上述例子。prep.超出, 在上方In the company, Dick ranks above Tom.在公司里，狄克的地位比汤姆高。It is above comprehension.那是难于理解的。A miser loves gold above his life.一个守财奴爱财胜过生命。Beyond adv.在远处Men can travel to the moon and beyond.人们能到月球或更远处去旅行。n.远处prep.超过, 在那一边, 迟于What lies beyond the mountains?山的那一边有什么？The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。She has intelligence beyond the ordinary.她聪明过人。Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.我看不懂这篇文章。aboutbaut adv.大约, 周围There were few people about.附近几乎无人。The news is going about.这消息正在传开。prep.关于, 在.周围Its about ten oclock.现在大约十点。It happened about 5 oclock in the morning.这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。二、表示相似概念的介词比较1.表示时间的介词：at, on, after, for, since, by, till, until1）at 表示在时间上具体的一点，即“时间点”。如：at 4:302）on表示日期及当天的上午、下午、晚上等。如：on Sunday注：at Christmas, on weekends, over the weekend（在整个周末）3）in表示：“时期，时段” in 1987，in the 19 century表示“一段时间以后”，常作为将来时态的时间状语。如：The meeting will end in thirty minutes.4）after表示“在某具体时间之后”，如：after supper/5 oclock/the war/1970比较：He will be back in 2 hours. He will be back after 2 oclock.5）for表示“（动作）持续若干时间”，有时可省略。常用“how long”来对它提问。例如：I stayed in London for two days on my way to New York.6）since表示“自（某具体时间）以来”，常做完成时态的时间状语。例如：since 1950/the war7）by表示“到的时候”，与这个连用的谓语动词常用完成时态，状态动词用一般时态。By noon, everyone had arrived there.8）till和until在肯定句中表示“直到时候”，在否定句中表示“直到才”。Until now I know nothing about it.Until you get that paper written dont even think about going to the movies.2.表示地点、位置的介词at, in, round, around, beyond, on, beneath, over, under, above, below, up, down, before, behind, between, among, amidst1）at表示“在地点”，通常指某一点的位置。如：The car pulled up at the gate.2）in表示“在内”，通常指空间较大的地方，如：Whats in the box?3）round/around表示“在的周围”，在正式英语中，around有“到处”的意思，而round的含义为“旋转”。例如：There arent any shops around here.He is making a trip round the world.4）beyond表示“在以远处”。例如：There is a village beyond the hill.5）on表示“在上（平面）”；beneath表示“在（平面）下”。例如：There is a color TV set on the desk.The submarine can run very fast beneath the sea.6）over表示“ 在的（垂直）上方”，under表示“在的（垂直）下方”。如：There is a lamp over the table.The peasants are having a rest under the tree.7）above表示“在上方”，below表示“在下方”。两者分别强调高于和低于某一点。例如：The plane is flying over the clouds.The sun sank below the horizon.8）before表示“在的前面”，after表示“在的后面”。例如：Dont put the cart before the horse.The object should be placed after the verb.9）between表示“在（两者）之间”，among表示“在（两者以上）之间”。Is there any difference between the two words?They visited the temple among the hills.3. 表示空间运动的介词along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of1）along沿着（从一头到另一头）；across横过（从一边到另一边）。例如：They are taking a walk along the street.Dare you swim across the river?2）through穿过，over越过They drove through the city tunnel.The plane flew over the city.3）up向上方；down向下方He ran up the stairs.The ship is sailing down the river.4）from从，自；to向，到He received a letter from abroad.She stood up and walked to the window.5）into进入；out of出自He jumped into the river.We walked out of the shop.4表示方向、方位的介词to，in，for，at，on等1）to位于（隔海相望），on表示有所接壤例如：Japan lies to the east of China. Vietnam lies on the south of China.2）to表示“去向”，for表示“目的地”（常与leave，start，set out，sail，be bound，make等表示离开、出发的动词）。例如：He will go to Shanghai tomorrow.He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.但是在direction前，常用in，例如：She went in the opposite direction.5表示工具、方法和手段的介词with，by，in，through，on等。1）with表示工具或方式（抽象方式），也可以表示材料。例如：Wood is often cut with a saw.We should face the situation with great courage.2）by表示途径或手段。例如：Babies learn to speak by imitation.3）in表示方式时通常用于这些短语：in this way/style/meters4）through也可以表示途径或手段，与by的意义较接近。Knowledge may be acquired through travelling, conversation and reading.5）on有时也可以工具，通常是用在习惯用于中。He cut his finger on a knife.6表示原因的介词because of，owing to，due to，for，at，with等1）because of，owing to，due to，on account of一般表示任何直接原因或理由，其中because of较为口语化。2）at通常与happy，surprised，angry，delighted等表示情感的形容词或动词连用，表示原因。例如：The shipwrecked sailors were very excited at the arrival of the rescue ship.3）for常与famous，known，noted，praise，punish等表示著名、奖罚或经受痛苦等意义的形容词或动词连用，表示原因。例如：The west lake is noted for its scenery.4）from常与die，suffer，collapse等动词连用，表示原因，有时也与necessity，a sense of duty等词连用表示出于某种动机。例如：They are suffering from starvation and disease.He did that not only from necessity, but also from a sense of duty.5）with常表示“由于原因”而引起生理上的反应如：She was red with shame.The children jumped with joy when they heard the news.6）of常与表示情感的形容词