高中一年级英语 Unit1语言点.doc

Unit 1 Friendship 学习目标重点词汇与短语add up, upset, ignore, point, calm, concern, cheat, go through, set down, purpose, dare, power, suffer, settle重点句型1. It/ This/ That is(was)+the first/the second/.time that从句2. While/ When doing.3. It is . doing.知识讲解重点词汇upset【原句回放】Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友来上学时心烦意乱。【点拨】upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的(通常不置于名词前)What made you so upset? 什么让你心烦意乱？be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心She was really upset about the way her father treated her. 她为父亲对她的态度而烦恼。He was upset at not being welcomed. 他因不受人欢迎而生气。 vt. (upset，upset，upsetting) 使不安；使心烦；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱（计划等）His fathers death upset him very much. 他父亲的死去让他心烦。A large wave upset the boat. 大浪打翻了那条船。upset a plan打乱计划Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她的造访打乱了我们周末的安排。 The rain upset our plan for a picnic.大雨打乱了我们野炊的计划。【拓展】(sth.) upset sb.（某事）使某人心烦意乱(sb.) upset sth.（某人）打/弄翻某物He made a movement and upset his glasses. 他动了一下，打翻了眼镜。upset ones stomach使（肠胃）不适Cheese often upsets her stomach. 奶酪使她感到肠胃不适。ignore【原句回放】You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你会不顾铃声，去一个安静的地方安慰你朋友。【点拨】ignore vt. （故意）不理睬，忽视；不顾，忽略（不计）She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看到他来了，但无视他。I cant ignore his rudeness any longer. 我再也不能无视他的粗鲁无礼了。The policeman ignored personal danger to save a little girl. 警察不顾个人危险救小姑娘。【拓展】ignorance n. 无知，愚昧，不知道 ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的，不知道的 be ignorant of sth不知道某事To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说你不知道规则不是借口。calm【原句回放】go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 去一个安静的地方使你朋友冷静下来。【点拨】calm adj . 平静的；镇静的，沉着的The high wind passed and the sea was calm again. 大风过后，大海又平静了。She tried to keep calm about it. 她尽力冷静对待这件事。vi. 平静，镇静。常用于calm down, 表示“平静下来”。The situation calmed down slowly. 状况慢慢平息了。vt. 使平静，使镇静，常用于calm sb. down。At last we calmed him down. 最终我们使他平静下来了。calm down 作不及物动词短语时，意为“（人）冷静下来；（风、海等）平静下来”；作及物动词短语时，意为“使（人）沉着，使（人）沉住气”。concern 【原句回放】You will tell your friends that you are concerned about him/ her. 你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她。【点拨】concern vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；(使)担心，(使)操心 concern sth. /sb. 与有关系concern oneself with/ about sb. / sth. 忙于；关心be concerned about/for sb. /sth. 使担忧；使烦恼 = be worried about sb./ sth.Were all concerned for her safety. 我们都为她的安全担心。These problems concern all. 这些问题牵涉到所有人。She concerns herself with her sons future. = She is concerned about her sons future. 她关心他儿子的未来。The experts are concerned about the growth in the worlds population. 专家们在担心世界人口的增长。n.U关心，担忧；C关心的人（或）事；There is now considerable concern for their illness. 对他们的病有相当多的担忧。Its no concern of mine/ yours. 不关我的（你的）事。What are your main concerns as a writer? 作为作家，你感兴趣的事是什么？【拓展】Concerned adj. 关心的，担忧的，焦虑的，相关的（作定语需后置）；Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能已经失踪。as/ so far as sb./ sth. is concerned =in ones opinion 就某人/某事物而言, 在某人看来concerning prep. 关于 The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned. 就发动机而言，这车不错。cheat【原句回放】，asks you to help him/ her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 让你帮助他作弊，让他看你的试卷。【点拨】cheat vt. 骗取；欺诈（某人）cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗某人某物They cheated the old woman of her house and money. 他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。 vi. 行骗；欺诈；作弊；作假；He never cheats to pass exams. 他从不以作弊的方式通过考试。n. 欺骗 (行为) ；骗子The sheets Ive bought are a cheat. 我买这些床单上当了。【拓展】cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 cheat on/at/ in 作弊；欺诈；行骗 dare【原句回放】I didnt dare open a window 我不敢打开窗户【点拨】dare作实义动词有人称和数的变化；后跟动词不定式，但在否定句中不定式的符号可以省略。He dares to walk alone at night. 他敢晚上独自散步。He doesnt dare to take it home. 他不敢把它带回家。dare作情态动词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，后面跟动词原形，没有to，不用于肯定句中（除了在I dare say这样的习语中）。How dare you ask me such a question？ 你怎么能问我这个问题呢？I darent ask you because I thought I must be wrong. 我不敢问你，我想我肯定错了。power【原句回放】.the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. 雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。【点拨】power n. 能力；力量；权力 The police have the power to detain offenders.警察有权利拘留罪犯。【拓展】powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的powerless adj. 无力量的；软弱的powerfully adv. 强大地have the power to do 有权利做某事brainpower智力；political power政权electric/waterpower电/水力；power station发电站come into power掌权（动作）；be in power掌权（状态） suffer: 【原句回放】she suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 她忍受了孤独，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。【点拨】suffer v. 遭受；忍受；经历suffer sth 遭受痛苦, 遭受损失suffer from 患有 (病痛), 为所苦He often suffers from headaches at night. 他晚上饱受头疼之苦。He died quickly; he didnt suffer very much. 他很快死了，没有受很多苦。The company suffered a great loss because of the air crash. 由于这次空难，这家公司遭受巨大损失。suffer for 为而受苦Ill make you suffer for this insolence. 我会使你为这种傲慢态度而吃苦头。settle【原句回放】 She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. 她发现在藏身之处要安定并冷静下来很难。【点拨】settle vt. & vi. 安排; 安放; 安家, 定居 After years of travel, we decided to settle here. 周游数年后，我们决定在这儿安顿下来。He settled himself on the sofa to watch TV. 他舒适地待在沙发上看电视。(使)安定 This pill will help to settle your nerves. 这药片有助于安抚你的神经。vt. 解决; 决定; 调停 Its time you settled your dispute with him. 是时候解决你和他之间的争端了。支付, 结算 The account is not yet settled. 这笔账尚未付清。 vi. (鸟等) 栖息 The bird settled on a branch. 鸟栖息在树枝上。【拓展】settle down定居, 过安定生活；When are you going to marry and settle down? 你们什么时候结婚安顿下来？settle down (使)安静下来, 平静下来Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson. 等孩子们安静下来你就开始上课。settle down to 专心致志于The constant interruptions stopped me settling down to my work. 不断的打扰让我没法用心工作。settle on决定, 选定We must settle on a place to meet. 我们必须定下一个见面的地方。重点短语add up【原句回放】Add up your score and see how many points you get. 把你的分数加起来，看你得了多少分。【点拨】add vt. & vi. 加，添，增加；相加；补充说Thats all I want to say. Is there anything youd like to add？我想说的就那些，你还有要补充的吗？add.to. 把加到/进里Add 6 and 6 to make 12. 六加六是十二。Do you want to add your name to the list? 你想把名字增加到名单中吗？ add to 增加，增添（后多接抽象名词）The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。add up sth./add sth.up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达（不用于被动语态)If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太浓了，多添点水吧。add that. 补充（说）add up加起来总计；前后一致; 合理His story just doesnt add up. He must be lying. 他的故事前后不一致，他准在撒谎。【拓展】n. addition 加；增加的人或事物 adj. additional 附加的；另外的；外加的go through 【原句回放】 ., or would not understand what you are going through? 会不理解你目前的处境呢？【点拨】go through: to experience, suffer 经历；遭受（大多是痛苦的事情）He went through a hard time while his wife was sick. 他妻子生病的时候，他经历了一段艰难的日子。 go through: to examine carefully, search, discuss in detail 仔细检查；详细讨论The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief. 警察仔细搜查了疑似小偷的口袋。Lets go through the plan again.让我们再详细地讨论这项计划吧。go through 看完 How long will it take to go through the book? 读完这本书要多少时间? go through 通过，穿过（宾语常常是立体的东西） 【拓展】pass through 通过，穿过；经历，遭受John passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down. 婚姻破裂不久, 约翰经历了一段短暂的艰难时期。She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 她说她要路过巴黎, 想跟我聊一聊。set down 【原句回放】I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。【点拨】set down 放下，搁下；记下，写下 How shall I set myself down in the hotel register? 在旅馆的登记簿上，我该如何写明自己的身份呢？【拓展】set about (doing) sth. 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth.)开始，着手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顾set back （把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free 释放；解放 set up开办；建立；设立set off 动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；着手；安排，组织set an example 树立 set fire to.=set.on fire纵火烧 on purpose【原句回放】, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven 我熬到十一点半故意不睡觉【点拨】purpose n. 目的，意图；a/ the purpose in doing 做某事的目的 What is your purpose in doing this？你这样做的目的是什么？the purpose of 的目的 The purpose of the meeting is to elect a new captain. 这次会议的目的是选出新的队长。on purpose 故意地，特意地If you joke with him, hell think you are hurting him on purpose. 如果你跟他开玩笑，他会认为你故意伤害他。重点句型【高清课堂：词汇精讲unit1 P24】It is/was the first/ second/ .time that+现在完成时/过去完成时【原句回放】It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 已经有一年半的时间，我第一次和这个夜晚面对面。（意思是即使在夜晚也不能出来看看外面的景色。）【点拨】句中It is/was the first/ second/ .time that+现在完成时/过去完成时，表示“某人第几次做某事”。如果前面是It is.，后面用现在完成时；前面是It was., 后面用过去完成时。It is / was the first /second time that sb. have/ had done sth. 某人第一/二次做，that可省略，从句时态需用现在完成时或过去完成时。 翻译下面句子：这是我第一次来中国。It was the first time that I had been to China.那是妻子第四次劝他戒烟。 It was the fourth time that his wife had persuaded him to stop smoking.上述两个句子是指一次事件，描述的过去发生的事情，主句用的是一般过去时，从句都用了过去完成时。While/ when doing.【原句回放】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的时候，你不够细心，狗跑开了，并且被车撞了。【点拨】我们需要注意的是：“While walking the dog,.”意思是“While you were walking the dog,.”，其实是省略了从句部分的主语和be动词。我们看看在什么情况下可以省略从句的主语和be动词呢？在很多状语从句中，比如时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语相同（比如上句中主句主语为you，从句主语也是you），而且从句中的谓语动词又含有be的某种形式（you were walking），从句中的主语和be可以省略。我们看看下面几个句子：When I was traveling in London (=When traveling in London), I happened to meet a former classmate. 当我在伦敦旅游时，碰巧遇到一位以前的同学。Though he is tired (= Though tired), he still keeps on writing the diary. 尽管累了，他仍然继续写日记。She wont attend the meeting, unless she is invited (= unless invited). 除非被邀请，否则他不会参加会议。上面几个句子中，主句的主语和从句的主语一致，而且都含有be动词的某种形式，所以我们可以省略从句的主语和be动词，这样能使句子显得更加简洁。 It is . doing.【原句回放】Its no pleasure looking through these any longer. 观看这些已经不再是乐趣。 【点拨】 在这个句子中，It 是形式主语，looking through these是真正的主语。Its no pleasure后面如果接动词形式的话，一定是接doing形式。【拓展】类似结构：It is no us