初中英语语法大全：一般过去时

初中英语语法大全 一般过去时 一般过去式 表示过去的动作和状态 I met him yesterday 昨天我碰见了他 一般过去时的构成如下 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式 I worked Did i work I didn t work Did i not work He she it Did he she it He she it Did he she it worked work didn t work not work We worked Did we work We didn t work Did we not work You worked Did you work You din t work Did you not work They worked Did they work They didn t work Did they not work 一般过去式构成 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示 而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的 动词的过去式可分为规则动 词和不规则动词 规则动词的过去式变化如下 一般情况下 动词词尾加 ed worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 e 结尾动词 动词词尾加 d Lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 把 y 变为 i 再加 ed studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写词尾辅音字母 再加 ed stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强 须多加记忆 go went make made get got buy bought come came fly flew 其结构是 主语 动词的过去式 be 动词的过去式为 was were 行为动 词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种 规则变化有以下几种情况 1 直接在动词原形末尾加 ed e g work worked ask asked 2 以 e 结尾的动词只加 d e g arrive arrived like liked 3 末尾 只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 应先双写这个辅音字母 再加 ed e g shop shopped 4 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 先把 y 变成 i 再加 ed e g carry carried study studied 有些动词变过去式是不规则的 e g fly flew break broke teach taught 这些需要象生单 词一样记住 其句式变化分为两种情况 1 含有 be 动词的依然在 be 上做文章 e g I was born in 1980 I was not born in 1980 Were you born in 1980 2 含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn t 同时 把动词变成原形 变一般疑问句 在句首加助动词 did 同时把动词变成原形 e g I bought a gift for my mum yesterday I didn t buy a gift for my mum yesterday Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday 一般过去式的用法 1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况 通常一般过 去式带有表示动作时间状语的词 词组或从句 如 a minute ago yesterday last week in1900 during the night in those days the other day 前几天 once up on a time 过去曾经 just now 刚才 in the old days 过去的日子里 before liberation 解放前 When I was 8 years old 当我八岁时 等 用一般过去时的时候 要表示 过多少时间之后 一般用 after 不用 in 如 Tom suddenly fel ill yesterday Tom 昨天突然生病了 She didn t look well when i lat saw her 我上次看见她的时候 她脸色不好 2 一般过去时也可与 today this week this month this year 等时间状语 连用 但是这些时间状语必须指过去 决不包括 现在 在内 如 Did you see him today 今天你见过他了吗 today 实际上指的是今天的过去某一时刻 3 一般过去时虽不可以与 now 连用 但却可以和 just now 刚才 连用 如 He went out just now 他刚出去了 4 一般过去时表示过去的时候还有以下一些情况 用于 since 从句 主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时 其后接的 since 引导的从句一般须用一般过去时 如 It s been over a year since i came back from the countryside 我从乡下回来已经一年了 主句的谓语动词 has been 也可以改为 is 但美国英语多用现在完成时 时间状语可以省略 前面说过一般过去时常与表过去的时间状语连用 但下面一些情况下 时间状语可以省略 从上文可以清楚地看出来时间状 语 如 Did you sleep well 前文如有现在完成时所引导时 如 I have been within an inch of life and didn t know it 和现在时态对比时候 如 He is no longer the man he was 有表示过去习惯的 used to 时候 如 I used to play football in the street 所表的动作已经完成 如 I read a book last week 上星期我读了一本书 表示死者的动作和状态 在英语中 说道死去的人的时候 一般用过 去时表示 如 Who is the man in the picture 照片上的人是谁 He was my father 他是我父亲 有感情色彩的时候如 You asked for it 你这是自找 5 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与 always never 等连用 Mrs Peter always carried an umbrella 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞 只是说明她过去的动作 不表明她现在是否常带着伞 When I was a child I often played football in the street Whenever the Browns went during their visit they were given a warm welcome 比较 Mrs Peter always carries an umbrella 彼得太太老是带着伞 说明这是她的习惯 表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞 I never drank wine 我以前从不喝酒 不涉及到现在 不说明现在是否喝酒 6 句型 It is time for sb to do sth 到 时间了 该 了 It is time sb did sth 时间已迟了 早该 了 It is time for you to go to bed 你该睡觉了 It is time you went to bed 你早该睡觉了 would had rather sb did sth 表示 宁愿某人做某事 I d rather you came tomorrow 7 wish wonder think hope 等用过去时 作试探性的询问 请求 建议等 I thought you might have some 我以为你想要一些 比较 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去 现已不复存在 Christine was an invalid all her life 含义 她已不在人间 Christine has been an invalid all her life 含义 她现在还活着 Mrs Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years 含义 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州 Mrs Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years 含义 现在还住在肯塔基州 有可能指刚离去 注意 用过去时表示现在 表示委婉语气 8 动词 want hope wonder think intend 等 Did you want anything else I wondered if you could help me 2 情态动词 could would Could you lend me your bike 9 used to be used to used to do 过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态 但如今 已不存在 Mother used not to be so forgetful Scarf used to take a walk 过去常常散步 be used to doing 对 已感到习惯 或 习惯于 to 是介 词 后需加名词或动名词 He is used to a vegetarian diet Scarf is used to taking a walk 现在习惯于散步 典型例题 Your phone number again I quite catch it It s 69568442 A didn t B couldn t C don t D can t 答案 A 本句虽没有明确的时间状语 但从语意上看 出 在听的 时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去 因此应用过去时 10 有些句子 虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语 但实际上是指过去发生 的动作或存在的状态的话 也要用过去时 I didn t know you were in Paris 我不知道你在巴黎 因为在说话时 我已经知道你在巴黎了 这句话指的是说话之前 所以只 能用过去时表示 实际上 这句话暗指 But now I know you are here I thought you were ill 我以为你病了呢 这句话应是在说话之前 我以为你病了 但是现在我知道你没病 辨别正误 Li Ming studied English this morning 把此句变为一般疑问句 1 Did Li Ming studied English this morning 动词应该用原形 2 Does Li ming Study English this morning 时态应该用原句子的时态 3 Was Li Ming studied English this morning 应该用一般动词 而不是 be 动词 4 Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning 常见错误如下 一 把动词变成过去式易出错 例 1 They stoped stop talking just now 2 They plaied play football yesterday 答案 1 stopped 2 played 解析 我们可以记住下面的口诀 动词变成过去式 双写规律要牢记 y 前若是辅音字 y 变 i 加 ed y 前若是元音字 只须直接加 ed 二忘记把动词变成过去式 例 I fly fly kites on the afternoon of Sunday 答案 flew 解析 我们可以记住下面的口诀 一般过去时态里 过去形式莫忘记 自主检测 一 选择 1 She lived there before he to China A came B comes C come D coming 2 I but nothing A was listened was hearing B listened heard C have listened heard D listened heard of 3 When did you here A got to B reached C arrive in D reach 4 I my homework at 7 00 yesterday evening A finished B would finish C was finishing D finish 5 He didn t go shopping with you yesterday afternoon did he A No he doesn t B Yes he didn t C No he did D Yes he did 6 I have had supper When you it A have had B do have C did have D will have 答案 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C 二 填空 1 They be on the farm a moment ago 2 There be a shop not long ago 3 Jenny not go to bed until 11 00 o clock last night 4 Danny read English five minutes ago 5 I see Li Lei go out just now 6 He do his homework every day But he not do it yesterday 7