专家谈英译汉技巧!.doc

专家谈英译汉技巧!时间: 2005年04月10日 来源:未知 作者: 未知 浏览次数: 1.改变词类Conversion。英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。Insulinisusedinthetreatmentofdiabetes.Thisissueisofparamountimportance.Rationingbypointsisoverandrationingbythepurseisin.OceanographyhasbeendefinedasTheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.1990.12.选词用字Diction。BeforeHugocouldprotestheandtheotherswereledaway.(抗议-分辩)Putateaspoonfulofteainthepotandthenyoujustaddtheboilingwatertoitandletitstand.(稍等片刻再喝)Itsacrimeyoudidntfinishschool.(憾事)3.词序调整Inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，英语常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。Hisaddressis3612MarketStreetPhiladelphiaPA19001USA.Donthesitatetocomewhenyouneedhelp.blackandwhiteTVironandsteelcompany4.省略Omission。Youcannotbuildashipabridgeorahouseifyoudontknowhowtomakeadesignorhowtoreadit.Ittookhimalongtimetoreachthebottomandtocouchbehindalittledwarfpalm.5.增词Amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。IcouldknitwhenIwasseven.Withoutasenseofyourfaulthowcanrepentanceandamendmentbeexpected如果WalkingpasttheGardenofEdenAdamssonaskedhisfatherWhoownsthatlargeestateThatswhereyourmotherandIusedtoliverepliedAdambeforesheateusoutofhouseandhome.6.重复Repetition。Practicallyeveryriverhasanupperamiddleandalowerpart.上游，中游，下游Ifanatomcontainsthreeprotonsitmusthavethreeelectronstobeelectricallyneutral.7.正译反译法NegationTheOrganizationhasnotsofarjustifiedthehopeswhichthepeoplesetonit.(辜负)Suddenlyheheardasoundbehindhimandrealizedhewasnotaloneinthegarage.(还有别人)IfapatientatBethIsraelisnotrespondingtotreatmentitisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtohisdoctor.1993.18.分译法Division。英语长句多，为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将英语长句拆成短句。Itwasarealchallengethatthosewhohadlearnedfromusnowexcelledus.Ithasbeenrightlystatedthatthissituationisathreattointernationalsecurity.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashiontheyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.1993.69.常见短语和重要句型的翻译1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat不言而喻的是2)Itiscommonknowledgethat众所周知的是3)Itoccurstomethat我突然想起4)Itisnotthat.butthat并不是说而是说5某些含蓄否定的翻译Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.提炼矿石的工厂通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其它国家。6)more.than.与其说不如说Sheismorelikehismotherthanlikehisteacher.7)nomore.than.和一样都不Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutakeanymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。8)not.all.allis.not.并不是都Allthatglittersisnotgold.Bothofthebooksarenothelpful.Everyonedoesntwanttogototheconcert.9)cannot.too.无论也不过分Wecantpraisehimtoomuch.10)muchlessstilllesstosaynothingofnottomentionletalone更不用说Heknowslittleofmathematicsandstilllessofchemistry.InoldChinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustrytosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.Alltheyhavetodoistopressabuttonandtheycanseeplaysfilmsoperasandshowsofeverykindnottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.11)so.that.如此以至于Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchenrage.12notsomuch.as.与其说不如说Sciencemovesforwardtheysaynotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.13)not.because.(否定转移)并不是因为ThepolicedidntarrestmebecauseIcommittedanycrime.TheysaidIwaswanderingonthestreetwiththeintentofcommittinganarrestableoffense.14anything.but.一点也不，决不nothing.but.就是，仅仅，butfor.要不是Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanminditissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanations.Aloneinadesertedhousehewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltanythingbutlonely.Butforyourtimelyhelpwecouldnthavefinishedtheworkontime.15)as特殊状语从句，译为定语从句Inshortaleaderofthenewschoolcontendsthescientificrevolutionaswecallitwaslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.16whatiscalled.所谓的，所说的(东西)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.17)such.as.诸如Whethertousetestsotherkindsofinformationorbothinaparticularsituationdependsthereforeupontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.18)not.not.双重否定，可依情况译为没有不，或每一个，都10.注意英语惯用法，俚语和俗语的翻译。M