book8unit5Reading

Unit5Meetingyourancestors Reading DoyouknowaboutZhoukouDian Whereisit Whatisfamousfor ItisontheLongguMountain FangshanDistrict Beijing ItisfamousforPekingMan acompleteskull 头盖骨 ofanape man 猿人 datingback600 000years Pre reading 北京人头盖骨化石 北京猿人复原图 ZhoukoudianCaves 1933年北京市房山县周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土 骨针长8 2厘米 孔径0 31 0 33厘米 这是中国已发现的时代最早的骨针之一 其针身保存完好 针孔处破裂 针尖锐利 表面有刮磨痕迹 针孔是用尖状器刮挖而成 骨针 Skimming AvisittotheZhoukoudiancaves Thetextisaboutagroupofstudentsfrom paidavisittothe fromwhichtheylearnedalotaboutthe oftheearlypeoplelivingthere England life Readthetextquicklyandcompleteitsmainidea Zhoukoudiancaves Tellthe3topicsthatthearchaeologisttalkedabout Lifeinthecave Whatwecanlearnfromaneedle Whatwecanlearnfromanecklace 1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions Comprehending 1 WhyhavetheEnglishstudentscometotheZhoukoudiancaves Thestudentswanttofindoutabouthowearlypeoplelived TherearenosuchsitesinEnglandwhiletheZhoukoudiancavesprovideanexcellentexampleofasitewhereearlypeoplelived 2 Wheredidearlypeoplelive 3 Howdidearlypeoplekeepwarm Earlypeoplelivedincaves Theyusedfurfromanimalsforclothesandhadfiresburningallwinter 4 Whatdidtheyusefordoors 5 Whatdidtheyeat Thearchaeologistthinkstheymayhaveusedanimalskins Theyateanimalmeat suchastigersandbears andfishfromthelakenearby Theyalsopickedfruitwhenitwasripe 6 Whatanimalsweretheirmostdangerousenemies Tigersandbearsweretheirmostdangerousenemies 7 Howdidtheymakeclothes Theirclothesweremadefromanimal Theyused stonetoolsto theanimalsand theirskin Thensmaller wereusedtocleanthefatandmeatfromthem Theyhadto anampleamountofsaltinsidetheskintomakeit enough finally theywouldcutitand thepiecestogetherwith madeofanimalbones skins sharpened scrapers rub cutup remove soft sew needles 8 Whatcanwelearnaboutthenecklacetheywore Someofthenecklacebeadsweremadeofanimal butsomeweremadeof whichtellusthatallthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake Perhapstherewas betweenearlypeopleortheytraveledtotheseasideontheirjourneys bones shells trade 2Writedownthreewaysinwhichthelifeofearlypeoplediffersfromyourown Usetheinformationfromthereadingpassagetohelpyouwitheachcategory Homes caves perhapswithskinstokeepoutthecoldTools scrapers axe heads boneneedlesDress animalskins sewntogetherwithneedlesandthread necklaces 1 Themainideaofthetextisaboutthe ofourearliestpeopleintheZhoukoudianCaves A lifeandhabitsB foodandclothingC homesandfishingD farmingandhunting A Choosethebestanswer 2 Throughtheconversation everythingaboutourearliestpeopleismentionedEXCEPT A homesB toolsC dressD entertainment3 OurearliestpeopleintheZhoukoudianCaveskeptthemselveswarmby A workingB fightingC makingfiresD hunting D C 4 EvidencehasshowedthattheearliestpeopleintheCavesused tomakeclothesaccordingtotheconversation A leavesB treeskinsC animalskinsD cotton5 FromtheconversationwecaninferthattheearliestpeopleintheCaveswerevery A busyandrichB idleandlazyC cleverandhardworkingD stupidandcruel C C DoyouthinkitisimportantforustoknowaboutZhoukoudiancaves Why ZhoukoudianCaveswereformallyinscribed 记入 onthe WorldHeritageList inDecember1987attheeleventhsessionofUNESCOWorldHeritageCommittee Theinscription Summary ofthePekingManSiteontheWorldHeritageListconfirmstheexceptionalanduniversalvalueoftheculturalsite whichrequiresprotectionforthebenefitofallhumanity ThesiteisthereforenotonlyofChina butalsooftheworldasawhole 1 Youmustbeawarethatit sherethatwe vefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld 想必你们知道 正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据 1 Youmustbeawarethat 主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测 译作 一定 肯定 只用于肯定推测 对现在或将来事实推测 用 mustdo Languagepoints Youmustbehungryafteralongwalk 走了很长的路 你一定很饿 对正发生或进行的事进行推测 用 mustbedoing Thelightison Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow 灯亮着 他一定正在做作业 对过去的事进行推测 用 musthavedone Thegroundiswet Itmusthaverainedlastnight 地是湿的 昨晚一定下雨了 此时 应注意反意疑问句的构成 如果句中有表示过去的时间状语 反意疑问句用 didn t 主语 如果句中无表示过去的时间状语 反义疑问句用 haven t hasn t 主语 Hemusthavearrivedherelastnight didn the 他一定昨晚就来这儿了 不是吗 Hemusthavearrivedhere hasn the 他一定来这儿了 不是吗 2 awareadj 意识到的 知道的通常用作表语Weshouldbeawarethatalotofanimalsarebecomingendangered 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险 beawareofsth 知道 意识到Thoughmostsmokersareawareofthedangersofsmoking theywon tgivenup 3 it sherethatwe ve 是强调句 其基本句式是Itis was 被强调部分 that who 句子其他部分 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语 宾语和状语ItwasyourmotherwhomImetinthestreet 我在街上碰到的是你的母亲 ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourmother 我是在街上碰到你母亲的 Itwasshewhohadbeenwrong 错的是她 Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay matters 2005天津高考 A ThatB whatC whichD this本题强调主语 此时应用that来引导 4 Wholivedinthispartoftheworld 是定语从句修饰先行词people people在定语从句作主语 故用关系代词who来引导定语从句 A 2 I msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere 很抱歉打扰你 我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的 1 句型 I msorry but 是口语中委婉的表达 but 表示语义上的转折 Areyoufreethisweekend I msorry butlhavelotsofworktodo 周末有空吗 对不起 我有大量的事要做 2 interruptvt 插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt Don tinterrupt hesaid Don tinterrupthim wereinterruptedbythewar 区别 interrupt和disturb interruptv 打扰 打断 阻碍 常有 使 停止 中断 的意思 Hisspeechwasconstantlyinterruptedbyapplause disturbv 打扰 妨碍 常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生 Baddreamsdisturbedhersleep 3 Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandornaments 我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和装饰品 aswellas1 conj aswellas可以用来连接两个相同的成分 如名词 形容词 动词 介词 通常不位于句首 意为 不但 而且 2 prep 相当于besides inadditionto 意为 除 之外 后面通常接名词或动词 Aswellaseatingfivecoursemeals theydranktwobottlesofwine Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano HelenaswellasIiseagertoseetheperformance 4 Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves regardlessofthecold 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里 1 regardlessof不管 不顾Heclimbedthebuilding regardlessofthedanger 不管有多危险 他还是爬上了大厦 inspiteofWewillpersevereregardlessofpastfailures 尽管以前我们失败过 但仍要坚持下去 2 assumevt 假定 设想科学家们设想月球上没有动物 thattherearenoanimalsonthemoon 装作她装出一副吃惊的样子 She 担任 承担我来承担责任 I Thescientistsassume assumedalookofsurprise assumedtheresponsibility assume后多跟名词 宾语 tobe n adj that从句 assuming放在句首 表一种猜测 e g Assumingitrainstomorrow whatshallwedo 假如明天下雨 我们该做什么呢 扩展 assumptionn makeanassumption 5 Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm cookedthefoodandscaredwildanimalsawayaswell 他们用这火取暖 做饭 还能用火吓跑野兽 1 would表示猜测 译为 想必 肯定会 如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下 他们早就丧命了 ifthecarhadgoneoverthecliff Theywouldhavebeenkilled 2 keepthemwarm为keep 宾语 宾语补足语的结构意为 使 处于某种状态 情况 用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词 过去分词 形容词 副词以及介词短语 Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen 6 Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰 几乎有六米厚 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火 1 havebeenexcavating现在完成进行时 意思是一直在挖 表示过去发生的动作一直不间断地进行到现在 强调动作的继续 Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays butIstillhaven tfoundit 我已经找了三天我丢的书 但仍没找到 Shehasbeensweepingthestreetallday Sheistootired 她一整天都在扫大街 她太累了 Wehavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours Wedon twanttowaitanylonger 我们已经等你两个小时了 不想再等了 2 句中 which 用来引导非限制性定语从句 先行词为其前的句子 3 suggestvt tomakeevidentindirectly imply意为 暗示 意味 表明 Herpalefacesuggeststhatshewasill 她苍白的脸色表明她病了 Thehandwritingofthelettersuggeststhatthelettermightbefromalady 从书信的字体上看 写信人是一位女性 Asilencethatsuggesteddisapproval 沉默暗示着反对 Hisfacesuggestsheishappynow 从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福 Hisbadmannerssuggestalackoffamilyeducation 他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教 但当suggest作 建议 讲时 其用法为 suggest doingIsuggesthergoinghomeatonce 我建议她马上回家 suggest that shoulddo Isuggested that she should gohomeatonce 我建议她要马上回家 Howdoyou wegotoBeijingforourholidays Ithinkwe dbetterflythere It smuchmorecomfortable 2004福建高考 A insistB wantC supposeD suggest D 4 mighthavedoneA Wherewasyoursister Ididn tseeherattheparty B Shemighthavegoneswimmingwithsomefriends A 你姐姐上哪儿去了 聚会时我没见到她 B 她可能和朋友游泳去了 7 sharpenvt 使锋利 尖锐 使强烈Theknifeneedssharpening Thetoneofhislettershassharpenedrecently sharpadj 锋利的 尖锐的 急转的 陡峭 突然的 急剧asharpturn急转弯asharpincrease急剧增加 8 cutup切碎工人将木头劈碎 早期人类用石器切割动物 Earlyman animals cupdown砍倒 削减cutaway切掉 剪掉 跑开cutin插嘴 突然插入 超车cutoff切断 断绝cutthrough刺穿 抄近路通过 Theworkercutupthewood usedstonetoolstocutup 9 Yesandsowellpreserved 还保存得如此完好 这是省略的句子 完整句应是 anditissowellpreserved it指necklace preservevt 1 保存 保护 收藏e g Youcan meatorfishinsalt 你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼 2 保持 维持e g Itisoneofthedutiesofthepoliceto publicorder 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序 相关短语 preservesb sth 保护某人 保存某物preservesth forsth 保存 保留某物以 preservesb fromsb sth 保护某人以免 preservationn 10 Yes indeed asthebotanicalanalyseshavebeenspecificallyshowingus allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake 确实 正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样 附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分 as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作 正如 那样 Astheproverbgoes Theenemyindisguiseisjustlikethewolfinsheep sclothing 正如谚语所说的那样 伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼 2 analysisn planalysis 分析Iwasverymuchpleasedbyyouranalysisofthesituation 我非常满意你对形势的分析 3 part前无形容词时 修饰不可数名词 前面不用冠词 其前有形容词时 修饰可数名词 要用冠词