剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力讲义必备学习.doc

剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力讲义美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力讲义史上最牛英语口语学习法：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋在线英语，可免费体验全部外教一对一课程：第一课时开场白考试简介：三部分，30题，30分钟听题，10分钟誊写。Part One: 填空题：Words, NumbersPart Two: 搭配题：大意+推测Part Three: 选择题：大意+细节+推测B: Tom, the report is too good to you.T: Well, I think I had a good day.B: Tom, I wasnt born yesterday. A. 赞扬 B. 怀疑 C. 没有明确态度too 相当于一个否定词，将后面所跟形容词意思否定。当too后面跟很表感情的形容词时除外。 too excited检查 examine check inspectWhats your name? 语音：听力资料： 阅读资料： the E Fortune FortuneTest 1Listening 40 minutes (including 10 minutes transfer time)PART ONEQuestions 1-12You will hear three telephone conversations or messages.Write one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms below.After you have listened once, replace each recording.Conversation One(Questions 1-4)Look at the form below.You will hear a man asking a colleague for information about a former employee.Personnel RecordNAME: Stephen (1)ADDRESS: 183 School Road, Barnfield, BF2 8TPDEPAERTMENT: (2) POST HELP: (3) (temporary)MONTHLY SALARY: (4)Conversation Two(Questions 5-8)Look at the note below.You will hear a man describing a problem with an order.WHILE YOU WERE OUTMessage for: Steven KirbyFrom: Mark JonesCompany: (5) MessageRe: Stationary orderProblem with the (6) ordered.The (7) need 500 and he needs 750.Also (8) need to be repositioned. 答案1 JAYE2 CUSTOMER SERVICES3 OFFICE ASSISTANT4 457.605 EUROPE HOLIDAYS6 BUSINESS CARDS7 MARKETING EXCUTIVES8 COMPANY LOGOTapescriptListening Test 1This is the Business English Certificate Vantage 2, Listening Test 1.Part One. Questions 1 to 12.You will hear three telephone conversations or messages.Write one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms below.After you have listened once, replace each recording.Conversation One. Questions 1 to 4Look at the form below.You will hear a man asking a colleague for information about a former employee.You have 15 seconds to read through the form.pauseNow listen, and fill in the spaces.Woman: Personnel Man: Hello, its Tim here, from Finance.Woman: Hi, Tim.Man: Ive had a letter from the tax office about a student who worked here last summer I wonder if you could look him up in your records.Woman: Sure, whats the name?Man: The surnames Jaye. First name Stephen.Woman: How does he spell his surname?Man: J-A-Y-E. Got that?Woman: Oh yes, here we are live at a hundred and eighty-three School Road, BarnfieldMan: Yes, thats the one.Woman: And you say he was working in Finance?Man: Uhm, Customer Service, actually.Woman: Aah they had lots of students working for them last summer.Man: Well, the tax people want to know his exact job title Im not sure why.Woman: Mm, let me see He was an office assistant.Man: Right, got that. They also want to know about his monthly earnings.Woman: Lets have a look five hundred and thirty-eight pounds seventy a month Oh, sorry, he was a scale one, so thats four hundred and fifty-seven pounds sixty. Anything else?Man: Thats fine. Thanks. Ill send them the information todaypauseNow listen to the recording again.pauseConversation Two. Questions 5 to 8.Look at the note below.You will hear a man describing a problem with an order.You have 15 seconds to read through the note.pauseNow listen, and fill in the spaces.Woman: Hello, Blackwell Printers. Julie Davidson speaking. How may I help you?Man: Hello, This is Mark Jones from Europe Holidays. I was hoping to speak to Steven Kirby about the stationery youre printing for us.Woman: Im afraid Stevens away until Friday.Man: Oh-you see Im not very happy with the business cards and I wanted to see if I could make a couple of changes to the paper too.Woman: Would you like me to pass on a message?Man: Yes, please. The thing is, Ive just received your proofs the cards themselves are fine, but you seem to have misunderstood the quantities. Im sure I asked for five hundred for each of the marketing executives and seven hundred and fifty for me but youve put everyone down for seven hundred and fifty.Woman: Right, Ive made me a note of that. Is there anything else?Man: Yes, well this is my mistake really. Could you ask Steven to move the company logo further to the left? Its too close to the address at the moment. I think thats all for now. Thanks.pauseNow listen to the recording again.第二课时I NUMBERS1 日期: the first of October, October the first, October firstthe 27th of July the 18th of June Sep. the 12th Sep. the 15thMay the sixteenth Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹Weather Report 天气预报2 电话号码：double six 66 triple seven-777 four zeros-000065046721 24556211 307781093 编号：reference number, booking number, catalogue number, conference room number数字+字母+符号字母：GJ，MN，OL，BDTPSM， SN， SO， SL，符号：dash slash /4 数量：hundred: 后有两位数thousand, million, billion, trillion：t, m, b, tr点三杠四，从右向左：英-中：杠四16t5201/6520523t50052/3500中-英：点三18万6000186，000背景知识：proprietor 自主经营者 proprietorshippartnership 合伙corporation 公司 company, business, firmmeeting of shareholders 股东大会Board of Directors, the Board 董事会Chairman, Chairperson 主席President 总裁，执行董事CEO 首席执行官 CTO 首席技术执行官 CFO 首席财务执行官 CIO 首席信息执行官Vice President 副总Sales Executive 销售主官 Marketing Executive 市场主官Marketing 市场market research, survey, questionnaire, interviewmarket segmentation, target consumer, consumer behaviour, consuming habits市场细分 消费者行为 消费习惯Salesproducts, consumerpotential consumer: choice, preference, attitudesdifficult consumersprice tag 价签Personnel/Human Resources 人事部/人力资源部recruit, recruitment, takeon 招聘They took me on five years ago. 五年前他们把我招了进来。interview 面试 candidate 候选人three rounds of interviews 三轮面试Training & Educationin company training 内部培训outside training 外出培训evaluation, performance evaluation, score, marks, grade 评估，打分，评级第三课时fire, dismiss 开除resign, quit, leave, resignation 离职pre-sales, after salesCustomer Services 客户服务部 interest become interested in sth. arouse ones interest in sth.installation 组装Accountancy 财会部门 记录帐目 accountant 会计Financing 财务部 Fund-raising 集资 financial analysist 财务分析师company logo 公司标识 company image 公司形象company reputation 公司名誉 good-will spokesperson 代言人Conversation Three(Questions 9-12)Look at the note below.You will hear a woman calling about the arrangements for a meeting.TELEPHONE MESSAGEFor: John FitzgeraldName of caller: Elizabeth ParnellDate: 7 / 12 / 2002Time: 10.05Message: Elizabeth will be in the USA until next Tuesday, for a (9) Could you:Change the meeting to (10) .on Wednesday.Add an item to the agenda: the (11) .?Please phone Elizabeth today at (12) .日程 schedule diary check my diaryproject schedule 项目计划itinerary 行程agenda 议程item 一条内容答案：9 TRADE FAIR10 AFTER LUNCH11 REVISED BUDGETS12 HEAD OFFICEpostpone till some time postpone to some time 推迟到.I thought.but. I meant, I had thought. 后面的内容没有实现TapescriptConversation Three. Questions 9 to 12Look at the note below.You will hear a woman calling about the arrangements for a meeting.You have 15 seconds to read through the note.pauseNow listen, and fill in the spaces.Man: Good morning. Marketing Department. Peter Menzies speaking.Woman: Hello. Could I speak to John Fitzgerald, please?Man: Im afraid hes not in the office at the moment. Woman: Well, this is Elizabeth Parnell calling. I wanted to talk to John about the meeting next week. You see, I only get back on Tuesday night from a trade fair in the States.Man: So, would you like me to give him a message?Woman: Yes, could you ask him if we can postpone Wednesdays meeting? Till after lunch. That would be easier. I was originally going to be at ten a.m.Man: OK. Ill ask him to change it. Ill get back to you with a time.Woman: Thanks. And could you also ask him to add another item for discussion at the meeting? I thought we were going to talk about the revised budgets but I cant see this on the agenda.Man: OK. Id better ask him to call you Woman: Yes, please. Im at Head Office at the moment. Can he phone me here today I wont be back at my own desk until tomorrow afternoon.Man: Right, Ill give him the message.Woman: Thanks.Man: Bye.Woman: Goodbye.pauseNow listen to the recording again.pauseThat is the end of Part One. You now have 20 seconds to check your answers.pausePart TwoSection Two (Questions 18-22)You will hear another five recordings.For each recording, decide what the speakers purpose is.Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A to make a complaintB to deny somethingC to offer assistanceD to ask for adviceE to express doubtF to ask for permissionG to explain an actionH to recommend a new policy18 19 20 21 22 答案：18 C 19 G 20 H 21 E 22 BTapescriptSection Two. Question 18 to 22.You will hear another five recordings.For each recording, decide what the speakers purpose is.Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings.You have 15 seconds to read the list A-H.pauseNow listen, and decide what each speakers purpose is.pauseEighteenMan: Hello. This is Guy Cooper from Centron Electronics here. I believe you rang for some advice about your alarm system, which isnt functioning properly. The message I got said you werent sure if you needed someone to come and sort it out, or if we could advise you over the phone. Well perhaps youd like to get back to me as soon as its convenient and tell me exactly what the problem is, and Ill see what I can do.pauseNineteenWoman: Well, as you say, Redlon has been supplying us for years but, quite honestly, two-thirds of the complaints we receive about our products are actually due to faults in components weve had from Redlon. So I talked to the Production Manager and he agreed that I should look at some alternatives. Future Worlds range is fine for us, and one of their customers who I spoke to recommended them highly, so thats why weve changed to using them.pauseTwentyWoman: The competitions getting tougher, and you know weve facing serious problems. We need to see more benefit from the undeniably hard work were putting in, and this means saying no to jobs which arent profitable. It would be much more beneficial to put all our efforts into winning higher-margin contracts. So the way I feel you can help most is by identifying the types of contracts which bring in the income we need in order to ensure our future.pauseTwenty-oneMan: John Woods here, phoning about the project we discussed earlier. Could you give me a ring so that we can talk about it a bit more? Ive done a few calculations and Im beginning to wonder whether its really a practical proposition. I still think the projects got potential, but there are significant additional costs which we hadnt taken into account. So could you get back to me as soon as you can, please?pauseTwenty-twoWoman: Hello, Sally here, from Pagwell Paints, returning your call. Im very sorry you arent happy with the latest consignment youve had from us. Its rather strange, because following your complaint about the last delivery, we did in fact take action to change the specifications in the way you suggested. So it isnt quite fair to say that we ignored your advice. I know its important to achieve the consistency that you require, but perhaps your recommendation wasnt exactly whats needed.pauseNow listen to the recording again.pauseThat is the end of Part Two.pausePart Two 分析：1分类：places/addresses/topics/opinions/reasons/purposes/function2重点：purpose/topics/function3解题方法：1）审题，找中心词2）先听后选3）注意力分配：首句方向；末句信息最多 but, however, so, therefore although, though, despite, in spite of4）注意陷阱:原词第四课时Part Two 分析：4 PURPOSE1) descriptive a. complaint: make, confirm product quality 产品质量 b. appointment/meeting/invitation: make, confirm 时间/事件 change 先道歉 推迟(postpone) 取消(cancel) 细节变动 confirm 先道谢 c. assistance/permission/advice: ask for, give 上级对下级是give，下级对上级是ask for d. satisfaction/appreciation/compliment/congratulation You deserve it. 是你应得的。/你活该。 e. make an enquire/ask for information/order/make a reservationSection Two. Question 18 to 22. You will hear another five short messages. For each message, decide what the speaker is doing. Write one letter A - H next to the number of the message. You will hear the five messages twice.A arranging a meetingB making an appointmentC offering an invitationD canceling an orderE making an apologyF making an enquiryG confirming an arrangementH making a complaint18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Section Two. Question 18 to 22.You will hear another five recordings.For each recording, decide what the speakers purpose is.Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings.You have 15 seconds to read the list A-H.pauseNow listen, and decide what each speakers purpose is.This is Mr. Lim from T. P. Consultants. We arranged to rent some computers from you for a training course in July, but they wont be needed. Weve run into some problems with the training room. When its sorted out well get back to you. Donald, this is Mary here. Im trying to get the project leaders together to discuss the current delivery delays. Ive provisionally booked Room W72 for Wednesday morning. Could you phone round to see if everybody can make it?Hello, I wonder if you can help me. This is Bill Kennedy on 3416577. I am phoning to see if you have any vacancies in your Accounts Department. I spoke to someone at the weekend who thought there might be the possibility of a temporary position. And Id like to find out more about it. Hi, its Tom Ling. You left a message asking if I could attend the directors meeting Friday lunch time. Im just calling to let you know that Ill be able to make it although I might be a few minutes late. Ive got an appointment with the dentist earlier on, but I hope to be back in time.Dave, its Maisy. If youre free at the weekend, would you like to come with us to the theatre. Wed like to treat you. We feel we owe it to you for all the help youve given us recently. Theres a new comedy on. Supposed to be really good. 18arrangedbut19get project leaders together20phoning to see if21left a messageFriday lunch time22would youcome with us2 重点：purpose/topics/fun