【人教版选修七】unit 2 被动语态.docx

个性化教案人教版选修七unit2动词的被动语态适用学科高中英语适用年级高中二年级适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60知识点各个时态的被动语态主动形式表示被动意义被动形式表达主动意义教学目标知识：1、掌握各个时态的被动语态结构。2、能准确使用各个时态的被动语态的用法。方法：1、要总结、熟记重要被动语态的用法；要学会在实际中灵活运用。能力：1、能正确运用各各个时态的被动语态。2、掌握并会运用主动形式表达被动意义和被动形式表示主动意义的用法。教学重点1、各个时态的被动语态结构；2、主动形式表示被动意义；3、被动形式表达主动意义。教学难点不用被动语态的情况教学过程 一、复习预习1、教师出示上节课预留的练习题，根据学生实际情况进行讲解分析；2、引导学生复习上节内容；3、并引入本节课程内容。 二、知识讲解考点/易错点1：被动语态的概念和各个时态的被动语态结构一、被动语态的概念：动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者。二、各个时态的被动语态结构1、被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done一般将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2、被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.考点/易错点2：动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。4 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）5. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)6. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.7 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.考点/易错点3：动词的被动形式表示主动意义1. be seated, be lost, be dressed The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 2.其他习惯用法： be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）,get married等。 He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 3. 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）考点/易错点4: 被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例The door is locked （系表结构）The door has already/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired 三、例题精析【例题1】In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served【答案】B【解析】因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。【例题2】- Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting【答案】A【解析】“house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。【例题3】The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked【答案】B【解析】句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。 四、课堂运用【基础】1. The president _ a cool reception when he visited London.A. gave B. was given C. had givenD. had been given2. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather.A. says B. is saying C. has saidD. is said3. If you go there alone after dark you might get _.A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbingC. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting _.A. was holding B. had held C. was to holdD. was to be held【巩固】5. New medicines and instruments _ every day to extend life.A. develop B. are being developed C. are developingD. have developed6. Ill come after the meeting if time _.A. permitsB. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted7. The students _ 50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.A. give B. are given C. have givenD. to give【拔高】8. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the fields of IT.A. has introducedB. is being introduced C. is introducedD. was introduced9. -. “How about the dishes, Dear？” -“The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.”A. cookedB. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked10. He kept a little notebook, in which _ the names and addresses of his friends.A. wrote B. was writing C. was writtenD. were written答案及解析：1. B.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。2. D.此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.3. D. A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。4. D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。5. B.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。6. A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting.7. B.谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。8. B.技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。9B.从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有 didnt taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。10. D. in which were written the names and addresses为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.课程小结本节课主要讲解的知识点为动词的被动语态。主要内容为：1、各个时态的被动语态；2、主动形式表示被动意义；3、被动形式表达主动意义。课后作业【基础】1. .I need one more stamp before my collection_. (NMET)A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2.Do you like the material? Yes, it_ very soft. (NMET)A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 3Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories_. (NMET) A. have been taken placehave been set up B. have taken placehave been set up C. have taken placehave set up D. were taken placewere set up 4. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 5. I dont know the restaurant, but its _to be quite a good one.(NMET)A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked【巩固】6. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_. (NMET) A. has broken intohas been stolen B. has broken intohad been stolen C. has been broken intostolen D. had been broken intostolen7. I promise that the matter will_. (NMET)A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of8. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET) A. are not keptwill have to B. are not kepthave to C. do not keepwill have to D. do not keephave to9. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing【拔高】10. This sentence needs_. A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved 11. I should very much like to have gone to the party, but I_ invited. A. am not B. havent been C. was not D. will not be 12._the note _to Mr. Smith? No, It is still in my pocket. A. Isbeing given B. Wasgiven C. Hasbeen given D. Hasntbeen given 13. We heard it _ that he had gone to New York. A. say B. said C. to say D. be said答案及解析：1、 D. complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2、 C. 观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3、 B. take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4、 A. 首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D