定语从句专练.doc

定语从句专练定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 主句：The man is a policeman.从句：who is shaking hands with my father. 用来修饰先行词the man关系词who在定语从句中作主语The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 主句：The film was not interesting at all.从句：which they went to see last night 用来修饰先行词the film关系词which在定语从句中作宾语The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it. 主句：The reason is that he had not made any preparation for it.从句：why he failed the examination用来修饰先行词the reason关系词why在定语从句中作原因状语关系代词who代表人，在从句中作主语，不能省略whom代表人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略which代表物，作从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语，引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，作限制性定语从句宾语时可省略that代表人或物，作从句的主语或宾语，只引导限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略whose代表人或物，在从句中作定语，不能省略as代表人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，常与same,such搭配，不能省略关系副词when先行词是表示时间的词where先行词是表示地点的词why先行词是reason1. The book _ is now out of stock.A. which he bought it last week B. which he bought last week C. which bought last week D. he had bought2. The policeman was talking to the driver_. A. who broke the speed limit B. which broke the speed limit C. whose speed limit broke D. why broke the speed limit3. I think the day will finally come_ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as4.The crime rate rises in cities _ the unemployment rate increases. A. which B. whose C. where D. that5.The goal _ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A. after which B. for which C. at whichD. with which6.This is the reason _ the electronic computer can not entirely replace man. A. how B. that C. because D. why7.That is such a heavy stone _ nobody can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. what8. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific. A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which9. My hometown is no longer the same _ it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when10.This is the store_ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which 11. The boy_ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 12. The temple _we visited last week is the one _the famous chemist was born.A. /,where B. which, that C. where, where D. where, that112 BACCB DBDBA BA分类: 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上 译成先行词的定语：“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上 A作宾语时可省略 B可用thatC可用who 代替 whom A不可省略 B不用thatC不可用who 代替 whom非限制性定语从句1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 主句：His mother is strict with him从句：who loves him very much 用来修饰先行词his mother关系词who在定语从句中作主语注意： 定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，去掉定从不影响句意；翻译为：他妈妈很爱他，对他要求严格。2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 3. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. in which 指代 in the hall,在从句中作地点状语，注意：in 一定不可少。1.Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. that C. it D. as2.Professor Smith, _ is a computer professor from America, is now teaching in our university. A. as B. whom C. who D. which3.Tom didnt go to the party, _ is a pity, A. as B. which C. that D. it4.They have made another wonderful discovery, _of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. of which I think is C. I think which is D. Which I think is14 ACBA特别注意!（1）先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常关系代词 that1)先行词是all, no none, everyone, everything, anything, something, much, little等不定代词修饰时；2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,以及all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the last, the same, the only等词修饰时. 3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.4)若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which.1.This is all _I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there any thing else _you require? A. which B. that C. who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom5. There is no dictionary _you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that6.This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written B. that has written C. that has ever been written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn?A. that B./ C. which D. it9. Is there anything _to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongsC. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _you told me about are admired by us all.A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose111 ABBBC ABABB C特别注意!（2）v as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思, 二者可以互换. v as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如.正象”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等. 记住以下结构： v as is well knownv as has been said beforev as was expectedv as we all can see v as may be imaginedv as has been already pointed outv 在the sameas, suchas, soas中as引导的是限制性定语从句.1._was natural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.as5.It was raining, _was a pity. A.what B.that C.the which D.which6._has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As7.We do the same work_they do. A.which B.as C.than D.like8.The earth is round, _we all know. A.that B.which C.who D. as 18 DACDD DBD特别注意!（3）介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择（介词只与which 和 whom 连用，which表示物，whom 表示人）。方法一：部分介词选择取决于定语从句中的动词，看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(动词的固定搭配)方法二：部分介词取决于被定语从句修饰的先行词，将先行词带入从句，看选则哪个介词方法三：可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，将先行词带入从句中（结合生活实际）将“介词+先行词”带入定语从句1.Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which2.Ill never forget the day _I joined the League. A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which3.The woman _my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom4.Jeanne was her old friend, _she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whomC. to that D. to whom5.His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that6. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom7. He built a telescope _he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it8. Do you know the reason _he was late? A. that B. which C. for what D. for which9. I have bought two ball -pens, _writes well. A. none of which B. neither of whichC. none of them D.neither of them10. The Second World War_millions of peoplewere killed broke out in 1941. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A. which B. in whichC.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by whichC.which D.with which112 CABBC DCDBA CD介词填空：13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sure?17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.13. at 14.of 15 in 16. about 17. at 18. for 19. in 20 through 21. with22 of 特例！极少数定语从句中出现了介词+关系副词from +where 1.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. A. from that B. from here C. from there D. from where 2.They stood at the window, _ they could see_was happening in the street. A. where; all B. which; allC. from where; what D. from which; that 特别注意!（4）v 先行词是表示时间的词或短语，关系词不一定都是when, 还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分v 先行词是表示地点的词或短语，关系词不一定都是where或介词+which, 还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分v 先行词是reason,关系词不一定都用whyv 先行词是time,前面如有序数词或last修饰，关系词用that（可省略）;但若前面无序数词或last,关系词既可用that, 也可用whenv 先行词为the way,表途径、方式时，关系词that(that 可省略），in which皆可1. The manager had to go to Beijing on June 23, _ happened to be his only sons birthday. A. when B. which C. that D. while将先行词“June 23” 带入定语从句：June 23 happened to be his only sons birthday. 可知关系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。2. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that The places couldnt be found.可知关系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。3. This is the reason _ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关系词所指代的先行词在句中作know的宾语。4. I dont like the way _ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C5. This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson. A. which B. that C. on which D. when 15 BAADB特别注意!（5）在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子，要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们.Compare:（1）There are two boys in Peters，both of whom are white（2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。句（2）因为有并列连词and所以是并列句。 （1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet（2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet析：句（1）是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由介词which代替。 （1）Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move （2）Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 析：句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。句（2）是suchthat引导的结果状语从句。 （1）As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun （2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 （1）The news that he told me is true（2）The news that he will come back from the U.Sis true 析：句（1）是that引导的定语从句， that在定语从句中作told的直接宾语。也可以由which代替。句（2）是that引导的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连结作用，但一般不能省略，也不能用which代替。 1A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who_ working in China. B.Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_working in China. a.is b.has c.have d.are3.A.Dont discuss questions such_those. B.Lets discuss only the questions_ we are interested in. a.which b.that c.as d.about which4. A. All_I need is a good rest. B. _I need is a good rest. a. What b. All what c. that d.Which 5.A.Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower. a.which b.that c.where d.there6.A.This is the place_we visited last year. B.This the place_we worked last year. a.which b.where c. in that d.there7. A.The news_he told us was very exciting. B.He has brought us the news_our team has won the game. a.what b.as c.that d.where8. A. It is in a box_I have hidden my money. B. Well go_we are needed. a.that b.in which c.where d.in it1. a d 2. d a 3. c b 4. c a 5. a c 6. a b 7. c c 8. a c 热点分析热点之一:that和which引导的定语从句的区别典型考题:1. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. if2. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which分析:1-2 BB在非限制性定语从句中通常只能用which不能用that.如题1.在下列几种情况下通常用that不用which:1)先行词为不定代词anything, everything, all, nothing等时.如题2.2)先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时.3)先行词被no, the only, very等修饰时.4)先行词既有人又有物时.热点之二:定语从句中的隔离现象 典型考题:1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A. until B. that C. where D. when2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what分析:1-2 DB因定语从句过长,为使句子保持平衡,常将定语从句和其所修饰的词分开.如题1,when引导的定语从句和先行词the hours分开.在定语从句中使用插入语以增加语言的灵活性.如题2中的of course为插入语.热点之三:as和which引导的定语从句的区别典型考题:1. _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. That B. It C. Which D. As2. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A.when B. that C. which D. what3. _ is mentioned above the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It4. Those houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which分析:1-4 DCBB在as, which引导的非限制性定语从句中,as和which可代替整个主句,相当于and this或and that.as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中,而which引导的定语从句通常只能放在主句后面.如题1,as引导的定语从句置于句首.as引导定语从句有正如、就像之意,具有描述性的特点,而which没有,如题2和题3.在固定结构such/as /so.as, the same. as中,用as而不用which,如题4.热点之四:定语从句与其近似句型典型考题:1. It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it2. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. them D. there3. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _ in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whom B. where C. while D. which 4. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there分析:1-4 BBCB在高考题和平时的练习中有一些句子像是定语从句而实际上是其他句型.如题1为强调句,that在此处不是关系代词,而是强调句中的连词.题2为状语从句,where为连接副词而非关系副词.题3为并列句,while表示而,却.题4为表语从句,where在此是连接副词.点击高考1. (2001) The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where选C.首先选项后的从句是修饰the hours, 可以确定是定语从句，the hours在从句中作时间状语。 本题意为这个电影将我带回到我在遥远的村庄受到精心照顾的岁月。2. (2001) _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What选B. 从句子结构分析，逗号提示我们前一句必须是从句，必须有引导词，排除A项，进一步分析是定语从句而不是主语从句，在定语从句中that不能指整个句子，故选B. 此题关键要先从句子结构入手，再判断是什么从句。3. (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it选B.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的，但有时也可修饰前面整个句子或前面句子的一部分。 该句空白处应填关系代词which，在定语从句中作主语，从句修饰主句整个句子，故选B.4. (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when选B。根据句意判断空白处后的分句为定语从句，空白处应选关系副词where, where在从句中作地点状语，来修饰地点名词town.5. (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 选A.根据该句句意判断出，逗号之后部分为定语从句。I think 在句中作插入语，which在从句