赠送视频阅读理解20篇讲义

第 1 篇 Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work For workers it promises freedom from the office less time wasted in traffic and help with child care conflicts For management telecommuting helps keep high performers on board minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks and provides scheduling flexibility In some areas such as Southern California and Seattle Washington local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush hour traffic and improve air quality But these benefits do not come easily Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two An accountant stays home to care for her sick child she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor These are powerful images but they are a limited reflection of reality Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time Before a certain age young children cannot recognize much less respect the necessary boundaries between work and family Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done Management too must separate the myth from the reality Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee s situation not the availability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement That is partly why despite the widespread press coverage the number of companies with work at home programs of policy guidelines remains small 1 What is the main subject of the passage A Business management policies B Driving to work C Extending the workplace by means of computers D Computers for child care purposes 2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting A Employees lateness for work B Employees absence from work C Employees need for time alone to work intensively D Employees conflicts with second jobs 3 Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting A Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play B Computer technology is never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation C Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project D The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home 4 Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage A A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station B A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home C A computer technician repairing an office computer network D A teacher directing computer assisted learning in a private school 长难句剖析长难句剖析 文章难句 Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work 结构分析 本句中 主干是 Telecommuting has been hailed as a solution 破折号中间的部分 substituting the computer for the trip to the job 是一个动名 词结构 做 telecommuting 的同位语 to work 是个介宾短语修饰 a solution related to work 是 problems 的后置定语 参考译文 远程办公 用电脑代替上班 已经被誉为一种能解决所 有办公室有关问题的方法 文章难句 In some areas such as Southern California and Seattle Washington local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush hour traffic and improve air quality 结构分析 本句中 主干是 local governments are encouraging companies to in some areas such as 做地点状语 to start 做 companies 的补足语 成分 in order to quality 是主句的目的状语 参考译文 在有些地区 像南加州 西雅图 华盛顿 为了缓和高峰期 的交通 改善空气质量 地方政府正在鼓励公司开展远程办公项目 文章难句 Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee s situation not the availability of technology that precipitates 加速 来临 a telecommuting arrangement 结构分析 本句是一个主从复合句 主句 it is that 是一个强调句 在 这个强调句中被强调的成分是主语 employee s situation 从句是由 although 引导的让步状语从句 参考译文 虽然媒体非常关注远程办公 但在大多数情况下正是员工们 的处境 而不是技术的可用性加速远程办公安排的来临 题目答案题目答案 1 答案 C 2 答案 D 3 答案 A 4 答案 B 第二篇 In a sense the new protectionism is not protectionism at all at least not in the traditional sense of the term The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices such as the tariff or export subsidy The new protectionism is much broader than this it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them The new protectionism in fact refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade The emphasis on trade is still there thus came the term protection But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist or welfare economy over the market economy Jab Tumiler writes The old protectionism coexisted without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism Indeed protectionists as well as if not more than free traders stood for laissez faire Now as in the 1930s protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism In a market economy economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper Therefore the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe In Sweden Norway Finland Denmark and the Netherlands government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe Social security unemployment insurance minimum wage laws and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene 1 This passage is primarily concerned with discussing A the definition of the new protectionism B the difference between new and old protectionism C the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world D the significance of the welfare state 2 Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage A Free education is available to a child B Laws are made to fix the minimum wage C A jobless person can be insured D There are regulations for rent 3 Which of the following inferences is true according to this passage A The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non welfare states B In the 1930s protectionism began to rise C The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest D Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain 4 The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions A When did the new protectionism arise B Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries C Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government D Why does the government intervene in economic life 长难句剖析长难句剖析 文章难句 But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations 结构分析 本句中 主语是一个典型的主系表结构 what 引导的名词性 从句作主语 表语是 realization that 引导的从句是 realization 的同位语成分 参考译文 但是意识到所有的政府行为都能影响国际经济关系却是最近 的事情 文章难句 The old protectionism coexisted without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism 结构分析 本句中 主干是 The old protectionism coexisted with the acceptance 谓语动词的方式状语是 Without difficulty as a national as well as mechanism 是作为 market 的补足语成分 参考译文 古老的经济保护主义 同国内国际经济都是以市场作为配 置方式的做法看似合理地并存着 它接受这种配置方式并不费力 文章难句 Now as in the 1930s protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction 结构分析 本句的一开始是时间状语部分 主干是 protectionism is an expression 后面的 as to satisfaction 短语是句子的条件状语 参考译文 现在跟 30 年代一样 保护主义表达了一种深刻的怀疑 它怀 疑市场的资源配置和收入分配能力是否能获得社会的认同 题目答案题目答案 1 答案 A 2 答案 A 3 答案 D 4 答案 D 第三篇 It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process and may concentrate on concern with position and self advancement In so doing they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up Thus they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community and tend to neglect the desires of children parents and society at large It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free market theories of organization and society Such theories suggest that a much more market oriented competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their clients By so doing it is claimed not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility freedom of choice and reward Though much of this sounds attractive it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context Indeed if by educational we mean the development of all within the school community then free market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section the consumers If teachers are seen as part of this community then their development is just as important If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation the forms of management derived from free market theories suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values are subject to the charge of relativism In other words free market theories granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends must explain why any set of values including their own is preferable to another 1 According to the author criticism of schools arises from A concerns that schools deliberately neglect students B the high cost of education due to bureaucracy C a perception of them as self serving and bureaucratic D a misunderstanding of schools officials 2 The school community Line 4 Para 4 the author refers to would probably include A studentsB students and parents C students parents and teachers D teachers and students 3 The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because A schools have no real clients B they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachers C schools are totally different from the free market D they have no solid purpose in their aims 4 According to the text criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that A they do not explain why their set of values are better than others B their values are too subjective C their values are too different from those within an educational context D the educational context is not a free market 5 The charge of relativism mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show A the values are too narrow mindedB the values are not specific enough C the values are too self servingD the values are not strongly held 长难句剖析长难句剖析 文章难句 Though much of this sounds attractive it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory 结构分析 本句为主从复合句 主干是 it has its roots as much as though 引导让步状语从句 主句为同级比较句型 this 指代上一段的观点 as much A as B 表示同等程度 可以理解为 不仅 B 而且 A 参考译文 尽管这种理论听起来很有吸引力 但是其根源不仅在于社会 政治理论 而且在于经济思想体系 文章难句 The forms of management derived from free market theories suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values are subject to the charge of relativism 结构分析 本句为简单句 主干是 The forms of management are subject to the charge of relativism derived 和 suggesting 为两个分词短语 修饰主语 the forms of management 参考译文 这一源自于自由市场理论 并采用各种不同价值体系的管理 形式往往会被人指责为相对主义 文章难句 In other words free market theories granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends must explain why any set of values including their own is preferable to another 结构分析 本句为主从复合句 主干是 free market theories must explain why why 引导宾语从句 that 引导让步状语从句 在句中作插入语 表示补 充说明 意为 即使 参考译文 换言之 即便自由市场理论认为个人应被允许追求自己的目 标 也必须要解释清楚为什么包括自己在内的任意一个价值体系会比其它的好 题目答案题目答案 1 答案 C 2 答案 C 3 答案 B 4 答案 A 5 答案 C 第四篇 Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click according to a new report The study by the Washington based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as fair information practices The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won t fall into the wrong hands This study shows that somebody else other than Santa is reading your Christmas list said Jeff Chester executive director of the Center for Media Education which also worked on the survey The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection The movement like the online shopping industry favors self regulation over imposition of further movement restrictions on electronic commerce Marc Rosenberg executive director of the privacy group said the study shows that self regulations have failed We need legislation to enforce fair information pretences he said Consumers are at greeter risk than they were in 1997 when the group released its first report The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used profile based advertising and whether the sites incorporate cookies technology which gives Websites basic information on visitors Profiling is the practice of gathering in then used to create targeted advertising on Websites All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce when such policies were scarce But that did not satisfy the privacy group Companies are posting privacy policies but these policies are not the same thing as fair information practices Rosenberg said The sites also did not perform well by other measures the group said it found that 35 of the sites feature profile based advertising and 87 percent use cookies The group concluded that the phonies that were posted are typically confusing incomplete and inconsistent The report Surfer Beware III Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection is the third such survey by the group It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity when exploring the internet 1 What does the sentence This study shows that somebody else other than Santa is reading your Christmas list mean A The study shows that someone else would buy consumers a gift for Christmas B The study shows that consumers privacy is being invaded C The study shows that companies want to make a Christmas list for children D The study shows that Santa would not bring the Christmas gifts this year 2 Which of the following is not in the list of the basic criteria of privacy protection mentioned in paragraph 3 A Give notice of what information is collected and how it is used to consumers B Allow access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected C Make consumers believe that the information provided by the sites is surely correct D Institute the kind of security measures that ensure that the information won t fall into the wrong hands 3 It could be drawn from the passage that A the Washington based Electronic Privacy Information Center has released at least 3 reports concerning the online privacy B adults cannot get any online privacy protection C both the online privacy of children and that of adults are not protected by FTC rules D only 18 of the top shopping sites displayed a privacy policy nowadays 4 What does the passage mainly talk about A Marc Rosenberg s study on self regulation B Some online problems found by a privacy group s study C Adults and children are different D Online security measures 长难句剖析长难句剖析 文章难句 The study by the Washington based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as fair information practices 结构分析 本句主干是 The study s