牛津高一英语--辅导.doc

牛津高一英语（部分）重点词组1. know of /about 了解,知道关于2. leave work 下班3. make great achievements 取得巨大进步4. even if/though 即使,甚至5. in sight /out of sight /lose sight of 6. make sense (of ) 知道,了解;有意义7. watch out (for)注意,小心/ on watch 站岗 8. be frozen with/by被.惊呆9. wish (for) sb to do 希望去做 10. pay back / off /for11. be linked to / be related to 和有关12. hold sb. still 使.一动不动13. make the best(most) of /make full use of 14. breathe in吸进/take in吸进;理解,吸收15. cant help doing /to do 16. two other(more)sharks /another two sharks 17. warm (sb.)up 18. all of a sudden 19. make progress 20. bang into撞上 22. glance at /stare ( up ) at /glare at 23. set off(for/towards)起程或出发去24. second to none 最好 32. reach out for sth 伸手去够33. rest on/upon sth 搭在上 34. be grateful to sb for sth 由于.感激. 35. have .in common 36. match A with B 37. in some cases在某些情况下 38. look up to敬仰.39. make ones way to 前进,去40. compared to /with 41.feed on(upon) /feedwith42. focus on /upon43.take turns to do / (at) doing 44.in panic 害怕的,恐惧的45.die of /from 46.speak /think highly of sb.47. be related/linked to和有关48. with a fair chance of.49. have .to do with50. rather than而不是51. turn down把(音量)调小;拒绝52. turn around环顾四周53. in the distance在远处54. be known as/for/to重点句型1. The fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.2. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.3. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.4. Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm. 5. The face that she saw was that of an old man.6. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it is sunny.7. While having dinner , listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch TV. While relaxing at home, have some flowers next to you.8. I heard it was going to rain this afternoon, followed by a thunderstorm.9. Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain .10. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.11. About 30 types have been reported as attacking human beings.12. Many more people drown in the ocean every year than are bitten by sharks.13. The latter two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.14. Hit the shark on the nose.15. Dont be frightened by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightning than being attacked by a shark.16. 宾语补足语结构Polly felt a rough hand brush her face.She could feel her heart beating with fear.Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm.Polly heard it hit the step.In the distance, I could see thunder and lightning coming.重点语法：名词从句高一牛津版名词性从句语法小结名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句，它是高考考题中复现率最高的语法现象之一。近年来高考对名词性从句的考核主要体现在下列几方面：(1)考查主句和从句间的连词使用，尤其是使用that，if，whether，what，whatever等连接词的使用情况。(2)名词性从句中主句和从句中时态的一致。(3)从句在主句中位置以及在主句中的语序。高考重点会放在名词性从句中连词的使用上。大家一定要注意以下五种情况：1that在名词性从句中的几种使用情况。2what连接词的语言意义和语法功能。3whether在名词性从句中的使用场合和区别。4whoever和whomever在名词性从句中的语法功能。5what和which在具体语境下意义的不同。主语从句一概述：在复合句中充当主语成份的句子叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词that；whether。疑问代词who；what；which；whatever；whichever；whoever。疑问副词when；where；why；how等。That she won the game made us very happy. What is needed is careful preparation.Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.Who will go there makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still not certain.Why he did that was a secret.二that引导的主语从句 that引导主语从句时，在主语从句中没有任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，that引导主语从句时不能省略。在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常常用it做形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。如果用that引导的从句做主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用it做形式主语。That he will succeed is certain.That her mother was ill made her very sad.It is certain that he will succeed.It makes me very happy that she won the game. It made her very sad that her mother was ill. Is it certain that he will come?Is it true that he would take the risk?三whether引导的主语从句whether引导的主语从句如置于句首，只能用whether来引导。如果用it做形式主语，可以用whether来引导，有时也可以用if来引导。Whether she will go there is not known Whether I will accept the job is not decided. It is not decided whether / if I will accept the job.四wh-疑问词引导的主语从句 用what；whatever；whoever；whichever引导主语从句时，不能用it做形式主语。但用when；where；why；wherever；whenever引导主语从句时，可以用it做形式主语。What we need is your help. What she said is not true. Whatever I have is yours. Whoever comes will be welcome. Wherever she wants to go is not allowed. Why he did this is not known. It is not known why he did this. It is still unknown when she will come. 表语从句一概述：在复合句中充当表语成份的句子叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词有连词that；whether；as if。疑问代词who；what；which。疑问副词when；where；why；how等。 e.g.The trouble is that she has lost his telephone number.The question is whether it is worth doing. It looks as if it was going to snow. That is where she was born. That is how she did it. Thats why she was late. 二that引导的表语从句 that引导表语从句时，在表语从句中没有任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，而且不能省略。The fact is that the child is lying. The trouble is that we are short of money. The reason he did not come is that he was ill. My opinion is that you should finish your homework first. 三whether引导的表语从句当表语从句为不确定语气时，用whether来引导。此时不能用if来代替。The first question is whether it is true or not. The question is whether people will buy it. What I want to know is whether I should go there.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 四wh-疑问词引导的表语从句 当表语从句为带有特定的疑问意义时，用wh-疑问词来引导。The problem is how we could make him understand it. The question is where we can get the books. Thats why Wang Dong got scolded. 五as if；as though引导的表语从句。He looks as if / as though he were angry. 宾语从句一概述：在复合句中充当宾语成份的句子叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有连词that；whether；if。疑问代词who；whose；what；which。疑问副词when；where；why；how等。 I think that he will be all right in a few days. Do you know whom they are waiting for. He asked whose dictionary it was. Please pay attention to what the teacher said. I dont know when and where we are going to have the meeting. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 二功能：1.) 作动词的宾语： I wonder whether you can get here on time. She told me that she would accept my invitation. I hear that Physics isnt easy. 2.) 作介词的宾语：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. He differed from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 3.) 作形容词的宾语：在afraid；anxious；certain；determined；glad；proud；surprised；worried；sorry；thankful；ashamed；disappointed；pleased；satisfied；content等形容词后面用that引导宾语从句。 Im very pleased that you all have passed the examination. Im afraid that I have made a mistake. We are not sure whether we can persuade him out of smoking.三that引导的宾语从句 that引导是陈述句的宾语从句。that只是单纯的连词，在宾语从句中没有任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，一般情况下可以省略。I told him (that) he was wrong. Lets suppose (that) one day this happens to you. 在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，人们通常把that引导的宾语从句移到句子的后面去，而用it做形式宾语，这时that一般不能省略。We think it wrong that he told a lie to his parents. We thought it a pity that she missed the chance. He has made it clear that he wont agree to the plan.We consider it necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 主句的谓语动词是agree；argue；hold；learn；maintain(主张)；observe；contend；remark(评论)；state；suggest；announce时，引导宾语从句的连词that通常不能省略。当复合句中含有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别是当第一个宾语从句比较长的时候，第一个宾语从句的连词that可省也可不省略，但后面的宾语从句前的连词that不能省略。I wish (that) we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some clothes on our way back in Shanghai.四whether；if引导的宾语从句当宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问意义时由whether；if来引导。表示“是否”，“是不是”时，一般可以互换。但是在句子中如果有or not, 只能用whether。此外，在做介词的宾语从句时也只能用whether, 而不能用if来引导。He asked if / whether she would come. I dont know whether he will come or not. They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 五wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句 You may ask him when he will come. Do you know who will come to dinner this evening? He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. Please tell me where you are going. He didnt know why she didnt go to school that dayI wonder whom she wants to see. 六宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序。She wants to know whether I like that film. The teacher asked me if I could finish my homework on time Do you know why January is hotter than July in Australia? Im not interested in what he is doing. 七宾语从句的时态：宾语从句的时态必须接受并服从主句谓语动词时态的要求。当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时时，宾语从句可以根据需要选用任何一种时态。当主句谓语动词的时态是过去时时，宾语从句只能在过去时态中进行选择。She says that she works from Monday to Friday. She says that she will have a message on his desk. She says that she has never been to the Great Wall. He said that they were having a meeting at that time. He said that he would do everything he could to help her. 但是如果宾语从句是客观真理时，则用一般现在时。The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 同位语从句一概述：在复合句中充当同位语成份的句子叫做同位语从句。同位语从句用在某些名词如idea；fact；news；promise之后，说明或解释这些名词。引导同位语从句的连接词有连词that。疑问副词when；where；how等。 I have no idea when he will be back. We heard the news that our team had won. There arose the question where we could get the loan. 二that引导的同位语从句 在下列名词后面用that引导同位语从句。他们是：answer；belief；doubt；fact；hope；idea；information；knowledge；law；news；opinion；plan；suggestion；thought；truth；explanation；order。I had no idea that you were here. The fact that he won the first prize cant be denied. Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon. I have no idea where he has gone. She had no idea how she should do. 三应注意的问题：在动词demand；proposal；suggestion等后面所跟的同位语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. She refused the demand that he should do the work alone.主谓一致在英语中，谓语动词要与句子主语一致。一般来讲，主语是复数，谓语动词则用非第三人称单数；主语是单数，谓语动词则用第三人称单数。如：(1) All the carpets are made of pure wood.所有的毯子均用纯羊毛做的。(2) Is your companion waiting for you?你的同事在等你吗？1、有些名词作为主语，在形式上为单数，但谓语动词要用非第三人称单数。如：The police are after the thief. 警察在追贼。2.有些名词作为主语，在形式上为复数，但谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如：Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的课程。3.有些名词作为主语，要先判断它们在句子中是单数还是复数，再决定谓语动词是用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数。如：（1） Is your family a large one?你们家是个大家庭吗？(family 在本句中是单数)。（2）My family get up early on weekdays. 在工作日我家的人起床很早. (family在本句中是复数)。4. 如主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, but, like, except等引起的短语，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。如： Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.只有小李和小王在那里。5.当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接起来时，谓语通常与最近的主语一致。如：Not only you but also he has been to Cairo.你和他都去过开罗。6. 其它一些用法：neither of, either of及each of 连接的词组作主语时，句子的谓语动词应是第三人称单数形式，但前两个短语在口语中也可用非第三人称单数形式。如：（1）Either of us has learned the new textbook.我们两人都学过这种新教材。（2）Neither of you know(s) the answer.你们俩都不知道这个答案。7.短语more than one + 名词作主语，谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式，但也有非第三人称单数表达的。如：More than one team enter(s) for the relay race.不只是一个队报名参加接力赛。8.在百分数、分数等后面，如果跟可数名词，动词用非第三人称单数；如果跟不可数名词，动词用非第三人称单数形式。如：55 percent of the students are girls in our school. 我校百分之五十五的学生是女生。80 percent of the work has been done.百分之八十的工作已经做好。词组one and a half后面虽是复数名词，谓语动词还是要用第三人称单数形式。如：One and a half aspirins is left in the bottle.瓶里有一片半的阿斯匹林。9.在四则运算中，主语是数词，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 如：(1) Two plus two is four二加二是四 (2) Two times two is four二乘二是四 但是用and 连接，谓语动词常用非第三人称单数形式。如：Two and two are four二加二是四。10.如果一个句子由there或here引起，而主语又不只有一个，那么谓语动词的数由第一个主语的单、复数形式决定：如果第一个主语是单数，那么谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式；如果第一个主语是复数，那么谓语动词则用非第三人称单数形式。如：There is a supermarket and many other shops here.这儿有一个超级市场和一些别的商店。11.None 作为主语，谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。 如：None has/have seen the effect of such a sunset.没人见过这种日落的效果。12. 在主语从句中，整个句子作主语，一般视为单数形式，谓语动词也一般用第三人称单数形式。但有时由what引起的主语从句，谓语动词用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数形式，随意思而定。如：(1). What he said is correct. 他说的话是对的。(2). What she left me are a few books. 他给我留下的只是几本书。13.非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。14.表示时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱、距离等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，但它们一般作为整体看待，动词一般也要用第三人称单数形。如：One hundred li was covered in a single night.强化训练1.Three_ died in the terrible fire in Luo yang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s。2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out解析：选D. 当either or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I ,所以谓语动词要用am。4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploitedB. are exploitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. is B. was C. are D. were解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：选B. both-and-连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either在数上保持一致。11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. isB. are C. haveD. has解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing解析：选A.此处family指家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. was B. were C. have been D. would be解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A. were B. was C. is D. sits解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preserved B. is not preservedC. were preserved D. have not been preserved解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has been解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to be B. / C. is D. that解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were解析：选B. 本句的表语是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数