北外四级考前冲刺模拟题(7).doc

Test 7Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Lectures and Discussions. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1一些学生赞成讲座式教学 2另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学 3你的看法Part II: Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions I-7, mark Y (for YES) If the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Greening the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities What we do to our environment, we do to ourselves, the saying goes. Nowhere is this principle played out more dramatically than in our hospitals, where doctors and nurses work in the front lines against environmental illnesses, treating patients for cancers caused by exposure to toxic materials, asthma triggered by breathing dirty air, and heat stroke brought on by heat waves made more severe by climate change. Sadly, the connection between hospitals and illnesses does not end with treatment. Even as healthcare professionals go to heroic lengths healing the sick among us, the very buildings in which they work stop and erase their efforts. Burning fossil fuels to power healthcare facilities contributes to climate change, allowing disease to invade new habitats. Relying on ozone-depleting refrigerants to cool them increases the potential for skin cancer. Using mercury-based instruments to measure body temperature and blood pressure contributes to air and water pollution, increasing rates of brain damage from mercury poisoning. Furnishing interiors with materials manufactured using carcino-gens (致癌物) perpetuates the spread of cancer; such materials are common even in radiation and chemotherapy treatment rooms. There is clearly room for improvement in the performance of our healthcare facilities. By bring the performance of healthcare facilities more closely in line with the industrys mission to restore and safeguard health. If we trust our doctors to first, do no harm as the healthcare creed counsels, it seems only fair to expect the same of our hospitals. The History and Future of Greening the Healthcare Industry The connection between the healthcare industry and the environment was illuminated in 1994, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified medical waste burning as the largest source of dioxin, considered to be the most potent human carcinogen ever manufactured. The irony of this situation inspired the formation of Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a nonprofit organization that now boasts more than 375 member groups in 40 countries. Another milestone in the push to green the healthcare industry was the 1998 memorandum of understanding between AHA(the American Hospital Association) and EPA, which laid out three goals for the healthcare industry: to eliminate mercury-containing waste, to reduce the overall volume of waste, and to identify hazardous substances for pollution-prevention opportunities. This agreement launched the nonprofit Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E), a joint project of AHA and EPA, along with HCWH and the American Nurses Association. Within the last five years, interest in greening healthcare has moved beyond operations to encompass the design and construction of healthcare facilities themselves. To guide a new sustainable design category in its annual awards program, the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASIDE) published the Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement in January 2002. It is considered the fast document to incorporate health considerations into design guidance, Noting that preventing disease is preferable to treating disease, it advises that a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for decisions regarding material selection, design features, mechanical systems, infrastructure, and operations and maintenance practices. Prompted by an impending healthcare construction boom in response to Californias new seismic (有关地震的) regulations, Gail Vittori, co-director of the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems in Austin, Texas, met with a group of green building and health experts in 2003 to develop a more prescriptive set of design guidelines. This work was initially sponsored by the Merck Family Fund, with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and H2E subsequently joining as sponsors. The collaboration resulted in the Green Guide .for Healthcare, which was released in pilot form in late 2004. And more than 30 healthcare facilities are registered through Green Building Council s LEED Rating System, and two have achieved certification: Boulder Community Foothills Hospital in Boulder, Colorado, became the first LEED-certified hospital when it earned a Silver rating in 2003, and the Patrick H. Dollard Discovery Health Centre earned Certification in 2004. Meanwhile, the next version of the AIA Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities is also under development and due out in 2006. Parts or all of the AIA guidelines have replaced individual state codes in 42 U.S. states, according to Guenther, who is participating in the revision. While the current version includes only one paragraph about green design-focused on energy conservation-the next version will include an entire chapter on therapeutic environments and sustainability issues. While the new text will not prescribe any minimum thresholds for green design, its attention to these issues indicates the growing recognition of the connection between design decisions and health. The Best Chance for Greening Hospital Building Americas last hospital building boom occurred just after World War II, according to Guenther, and much of that building stock is in need of renovation. A range of other forces is further stressing our healthcare facilities. Rapid technological advances, advances in information systems, changes in medical practices, evolving regulatory mandates, decreases in financial resources, shortages in healthcare professionals, aging baby boomers, worn-out facilities, and an increasingly competitive market have all impacted activities and demand on the physical infrastructure, says Dina Battisto, assistant professor of architecture and health at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina.As a result of these factors, a new construction boom is upon us. The U.S. is currently spending $17 billion on healthcare construction each year, according to Rosalyn Cama, FASID, president of the interior design firm Cama, Inc. By 2010, that number is expected to reach $25 billion, she says, so this is the time to rethink that we design and build our healthcare facili0es in a green way. “If we miss this golden opportunity, were going to have a lot of facilities built the wrong way, says Cama.What Makes Healthcare Unique? Healthcare facilities stand apart from other building types. First, theyre big, At 168,200 ft2 (15,626 m2), the average inpatient (住院病人) healthcare facility is more than 11 times the size of the average commercial building, according to the Energy Information Administrations 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Healthcare facilities are also highly regulated and expensive to build. They often operate around-the-clock, and they experience long ownership. They use tremendous amounts of energy and need backup power for emergencies, they require a lot of water; and they create huge amounts of waste, some of it hazardous or infectious. They are stressful environments, and many of their occupants have depressed immune systems. Perhaps most important, they function explicitly to restore and protect health. Because of these characteristics, some green building strategies carry greater challenges, importance, or payback in healthcare facilities than they do in other buildings.1. The writer talks about the necessity and the history of greening healthcare facilities.2. People began to deal with the connection between the healthcare industry and the environment in 1994.3. The best and safest way to deal with medical waste is to burn them.4. One of the goals of the healthcare industry is to estimate the overall volume of waste.5. Boulder Community Foothills Hospital was the first LEED-certified hospital.6. AIA s aim is to help green the hospitals all over America.7. Americas last hospital building boom was simply the result of rapid technological advances.8. At present the U.S. spends on healthcare construction each year.9. Rosalyn Cama regards the new hospital construction boom as a opportunity.10. The most important characteristic of healthcare facilities lies in its function to .Part III Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) In the downtown. B) In the suburb. C) Near her office. D) Near the railway station. 12. A) A waitress. B) A hostess. C) A landlady. D) A receptionist.13. A) He is studying Chinese in Beijing. B) He is having a vacation in Beijing. C) He is planning to go back to Beijing. D) He will return from Beijing in two weeks.14. A) Do whatever has been planned. B) Have a picnic and go camping. C) Eat out and see a play. D) Go to the beach.15. A) She has given the man much trouble. B) She is not interested in the article. C) She would like to have a copy of the article, D) She doesnt want to take the trouble to read the article.16. A) The womans sister doesnt know the man. B) The woman asks the man to talk to her sister. C) The woman is very surprised to hear the mans words. D) The woman suggests that the man go on a diet.17. A) The man doesnt know how to get to England. B) The man will pay a visit to England in the near future, C) The woman has been to England before. D) Thomas is a British. 18. A) Shes preparing for the exam tomorrow. B) Shes decorating the hall, C) She has many posters to print. D) Shes busy preparing for a party.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Teacher and student. B) Siblings. C) Friends. D) Relatives.20. A) She feels sad at the bad news in her parents letter. B) She has felt homesick since she heard from her parents. C) She feels sad at the poor result of her math exam. D) She missed her old friends when she played with new ones.21. A) A snack bar. B) A French restaurant. C) A cinema. D) A library, 22. A) The woman is tired of the mans complaints of math. B) The woman is not used to the mans bragging about math. C) The man used to forget to turn off the lights. D) The man is afraid of annoying his father. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) 5:30 a.m. B) 7:45 a.m. C) 5:30 p.m. D) 7:45 p.m.24. A) What clothes to wear. B) Which restaurant to go to. C) Whom to go with. D) Which cinema to go to.25. A) Indifferent. B) Reluctant. C) Cautious. D) Enthusiastic.Section B Directions: In this section; you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage, you have just heard.26. A) In the mid-1980s: B) In the mid-1960s. C) In the mid-1970s. D) In themid-1990s.27. A) Tower. B) Touch. C) Torch. D) Tough.28. A) How the Spice Girls became successful. B) How the Spice Girls renamed the group. C) How the manager found the Spice Girls, D) Why the Spice Girls could stand the test of time.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) $15. B) $30. C) $40. D) $20.30. A) Because he was carrying a heavy load. B) Because it was getting dark. C) Because it was raining.D) Both A and B.31. A) A wooden box. B) A coffin. C) A bookcase. D) A set of shelves.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you heave just heard.32. A) Because the Parliament only supported Oxford and Cambridge. B) Because only Oxford and Cambridge were supported by royal patronage and aristocratic money. C) Because Oxford and Cambridge were the most important cities in England. D) Because there were not enough students to be enrolled in more than two universities.33. A) By private efforts. B) By private efforts and through government policy. C) Through government policy. D) Through royal support.34. A) For nearly 14 years. B) For nearly 50 years. C) For nearly 40 years. D) For nearly 30 years.35. A) The role of government policy in the founding of new universities. B) The difference between the Redbrick universities and the old universities like Oxford and Cambridge. C) The development and changes British universities have gone through. D) The different subjects offered at the new universities and the old ones.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered form 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For Blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. From the invention of the first stone tools to todays complex computers, man has (36) the power to change the world around him. Computer (37) , in particular, could be takingover our economic life. In business, computers do the job of (38) and secretaries. In minutes, office computers type out hundreds of letters and, by satellite (39) , send out bills to customers around the world. Business managers use computers to collect (40) amounts of information and, in seconds, to do (41) beyond the power of the human brain. In the future, the most important (42) _ maker might be the computer, not the company (43) . (44) . In the foreseeable future more and more jobs will be taken by computers. Because technology supplies the muscle power, workers are now free to use their brain power to make new discoveries.(45) .The human brain has not changed in size in the past 10,000 years and wont be changed in the long future. (46) . Generally, man will never stop using his brain to create intelligent machines to do his work for him.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these 47 might be tree, they are practically impossible to prove 48 . Still, I was 49 by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more 50 than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 51 a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for 52 illness 50 years ago. Why are Americas kids so stressed? The report c