（九）动词的时态和语态

九 动词的时态和语态 九 动词的时态和语态 01 命题趋势 考标导向化 近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时 一般 过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时和现在完成时 六种主要的时态上 对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时 一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主 02 定义 概念清晰化 动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的 各种动词形式 英语中一共有 16 种时态 但在初中阶段常考的 时态有以下 9 种 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现 在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在完成 进行时 过去将来时 考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语 从句和时间状语从句中的用法 终止性动词在现在完成时中不 能与 for since 短语或从句连用 have been to 与 have gone to 的 用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等 动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动 词形式 英语中的动词语态有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主 动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者 被动语态表示的 主语是动作的承受者 被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一 其 中考查的重点是一般现在时 一般过去时和含有情态动词的被 动语态 03 知识归类 知识网络化 动词的时态动词的时态 分类图解分类图解 分类谓语形式用法 一般现 在时 1 动词原形 2 主语是单数 第三人称 谓语加 s es 1 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或 状态 2 描述客观真理 客观存在或科学事 实等 3 在时间 条件状语从句中 用一般 现在时表将来 一般过 去时 动词的过去 式 1 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 2 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的 状态 3 用于虚拟语气中 表示与现在事实 相反的情况 一般将 来时 1 will shall 动词原形 2 be going to 动词原形 1 be going to 和 will 表示将来发生的 动作或存在的状态 主语一般是人 2 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来 肯定要发生的事情 will 表示客观上 将来势必发生的事情 主语可以是人 也可以是物 3 在含有时间 条件状语从句的复合 句中 主句是一般将来时 从句用一 般现在时来代替将来时 4 一些表示位移的动词 如 go come leave arrive fly start move 等 常用 现在进行时表将来 现在进 行时 am is are 动 词的现在分 词 1 表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作 2 与 always usually 等词连用 表示 赞扬 厌恶或不满的情绪 过去进 行时 was were 动 词的现在分 词 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进 行的动作 have has 动 词的过去分 词 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的 影响和结果 2 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现 在 并有可能继续下去 常与 for 时 间段 或 since 表示过去的时间点或 时间段 连用 现在完 成时 注意 1 现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生 的动作 但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造 成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现 在 强调的是现在的情况 而一般过去时只表示动作 发生在过去 不和现在发生关系 2 终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的 时间状语连用 但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用 过去完 成时 had 动词的过 去分词 1 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作 以前发生或完成的动作 它所表示 的动作发生的时间是 过去的过去 2 表示从过去某一时间开始并持续 到过去另一时间的动作或状态 过去将 来时 1 would 动词 原形 2 was were going to 动词 原形 常用于 宾语从句中 表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或 存在的状态 特例清单特例清单 1 在时间 条件和让步状语从句中 如果主句谓语动词是一 般将来时 从句用一般现在时 如 We ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday 如果下个星期日天 气晴朗 我们将去野餐 I ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow 我明天一到北 京就给你打电话 2 某些表示起始 往返 出发 到达之意的动词 可用一般 现在时表示按规定 计划或安排将要发生的动作 此时一般都有 一个表示未来时间的状语 这类动词有 begin come go leave start arrive end stop open close 等 如 The meeting begins at 2 00 p m tomorrow 这个会议明天下午 2 点开始 The next train leaves at 7 o clock this evening 下一列火车将在 今晚 7 点离开 3 现在进行时与 always continually forever 等副词连用 表示 反复出现或习惯性的动作 这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感 情 如赞扬 遗憾 讨厌或不满等 如 The rich woman is always laughing at the poor 这个有钱的夫人 总是嘲笑穷人 4 现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与 for since 等引导 的时间状语连用 如与一段时间连用 要把瞬间动词转化为意 思相近的延续性动词 常见的变化有 非延续性动词延续性动词 buyhave borrowkeep openbe open closeBe closed begin startbe on comebe here gobe there finishbe over diebe dead catch a coldhave a cold put onwear get upbe up wake upawake fall asleepbe asleep losenot have joinbe in leavebe away arrive reachbe 如 误 I ve left this school for ten years 正 I ve been away from this school for ten years 题组训练题组训练 一般现在时与一般过去时一般现在时与一般过去时 1 2014 徐州 What a surprise to see you here When you back A do get B did get C have got D will get 2 2014 十堰 Have you finished using my dictionary Yes I put it back on your desk just now Who it away A will take B is taking C took D has taken 3 2014 北京 What do you often do at weekends I often my grandparents A visit B visited C have visited D will visit 4 2014 河南 Are you going anywhere I about visiting my sister but I have changed my mind A think B have thought C will think D thought 5 2014 云南 If there no buying and selling of animals there will be no killing in nature A is B will be C has D will have 现在进行时与过去进行时现在进行时与过去进行时 6 2014 十堰 The book store a big sale The books there must be very cheap now Sounds great Let s go into it and have a look A will have B had C is having D was having 7 2014 北京 What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon I the classroom A was cleaning B have cleaned C will clean D clean 8 2014 河北 Someone at the door Can you open it A knocks B knocked C is knocking D was knocking 9 2014 孝感 I was at the cinema at 8 o clock last night What about you I the Internet at home A am surfing B surfed C will surf D was surfing 10 2014 来宾 Would you mind turning down your music player Everybody now I m sorry I ll do it right now A sleep B slept C is sleeping D are sleeping 一般将来时与过去将来时一般将来时与过去将来时 11 2014 河北 I m busy now I to you after school this afternoon A talk B talked C will talk D have talked 12 2014 天津 Robots more heavy work for us in the future A will do B did C have done D were doing 13 2014 铜仁 There a sports meet in our school next week A is B will have C are D will be 14 2014 河南 Does this bus go to the beach No You the wrong way You want the Number 11 A go B were going C are going D would go 15 2014 丽水 Hurry up The sky is covered with black clouds I m afraid it A rains B is going to rain C rained D was raining 现在完成时与过去完成时现在完成时与过去完成时 16 2014 宁波 Are you surprised at the ending of the movie No because I the story A read B will read C have read D was reading 17 2014 滨州 Jim isn t in the classroom Where is he now He the library A will go to B has been to C has gone to D goes to 18 2014 泰安 Can you find our city a lot in recent years Yes The road is wider and the buildings are taller A has changed B changes C changed D will change 19 2014 南京 Lily why are you still here School is over for half an hour Because I my task yet I still need one more hour A Won t finish B didn t finish C haven t finished D hadn t finished 20 2014 随州 I wonder when you the new watch Well I it for two weeks A have bought have had B bought have bought C bought have had D have bought have bought 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 分类图解分类图解 时态被动语态例句 一般现在 时 am is are 动词的 过去分词 The flowers are often watered by her 一般过去 时 was were 动词的 过去分词 A farm was visited yesterday by us 一般将来 时 will shall be 动 词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her 现在进行 时 am is are being 动词的过去分词 A novel is being read by him 现在完成 时 have has been 动 词的过去分词 His rooms have been cleaned by him 过去进行 时 was were being 动词的过去分词 His rooms were being cleaned by him then 过去完成 时 had been 动词的 过去分词 His rooms had been cleaned by him then 过去将来 时 would should be 动词的过去分词 His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day 含情态动 词 情态动词 be 动 词的过去分词 Your homework must be finished in time 特例清单特例清单 1 open lock write read sell clean wash cut drive 等词作不及物动 词时 它们的主语为物 可用主动语态表示被动意义 如 This kind of pen writes very smoothly 这种钢笔写起来很流畅 The kind of shirts sells well here 这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很 好 2 look sound taste smell 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义 如 School uniforms look good on us 我们穿着校服很好看 The cake smells delicious 蛋糕闻起来很香 题组训练题组训练 21 2014 北京 A new hospital in my town next year A builds B built C is built D will be built 22 2014 河南 When Tim why he was late for school he just kept silent A was asked B asked C was asking D is asked 23 2014 梅州 I can t understand what the book is about because it in English A writes B will write C will be written D is written 24 2014 镇江 Don t forget to come to our school assembly 集会 tomorrow morning I won t I just now A reminded B was reminded C reported D was reported 25 2014 益阳 Have you moved into the new house Not yet The rooms A are painting B have been painted C are being painted 几种特殊的被动语态的用法几种特殊的被动语态的用法 分类图解分类图解 种类构成例句 主动语态 中省去 to 的动词 变为被动语态时 省去的 to 要加上 The workers were made to work 12 hours a day 含双宾语 的动词 把指人的宾语变为主语时 指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之 后 指物的宾语变为主语时 指人的宾语前要加相应的介 词 I was given a present A present was given to me 含短语的 动词 短语是 动词 介词 或 动词 副词 时 变被动语态时 介 词 副词不能丢 The young man was sent away from school 题组训练题组训练 26 2014 内江 The students in this school are made school uniforms on Monday A to wear B wearing C wear D worn 27 2014 随州 Mary was heard just now What happened Joe was telling her some jokes A cry B laugh C to laugh D to cry 28 2013 呼和浩特 If you see the cartoon film you will laugh A be made B be made to C make to D make 29 2013 连云港 Clark your room is really in a mess It needs Sorry mum I ll do it at once A clean B cleaned C to clean D to be cleaned 30 2012 阜康 The old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government in many places A is looked at B are taken good care of C are taken good care D is looking after 04 整合集训 反馈层级化 动词的时态动词的时态 1 Do you like the skirt Yes It soft A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt 2 What does your sister like doing in her free time She watching TV A likes B liked C has liked D had liked 3 Do you know if back next week If he back please let me know A he comes will come B will he come comes C he will come comes D will he come will come 4 May I see Mr Lin please Well I m afraid he s not in at the moment I think he back soon A came B has come C will be D was 5 Look at those big black clouds It rain Let s hurry A must B will C would D is going to 6 Don t talk loudly here My little baby A has gone out B is sleeping C sleeps D went to school 7 Have you read a book called Jane Eyre Who it A writes B has written C was writing D wrote 8 Your e mail address again I quite catch it Hul 23 A don t B can t C didn t D won t 9 Oh Mrs King your necklace looks nice Is it new No I it for two years A had B have had C bought D have bought 10 to the United States No never But I went to Canada a few years ago A Have you been B Have you gone C Did you go D Will you go 11 Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo No they to Shanghai A had moved B moved C will move D have moved 12 Do you know the man over there Yes I him several times since last month A see B saw C have seen D had seen 13 What do you think of my answer to the question Sorry What s that I about something else A thought B am thinking C had thought D was thinking 14 Amy I called you yesterday evening but nobody answered the phone Oh I a walk with my mother at that time A take B took C am taking D was taking 15 Did you see Henry at the party No he by the time I got there A left B was leaving C had left D has left 16 What is the weather like today It is cloudy And I think it A was raining B is going to rain C is raining D rained 17 My sister will go to Hainan tomorrow I ll see her off at the airport Oh when her plane A did take off B does take off C has taken off D was taking off 18 It over sixty years since the People s Republic of China was founded A was B had been C is D will be 19 Don t make any noise We to a piece of wonderful music at the moment A will listen B are listening C listen D have listening 20 I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon But she seldom A smokes B had smoked C smoked D is smoking 21 I used to love this film when I was young but I it that way any more A don t feel B didn t feel C haven t felt D hadn t felt 22 Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday Yes she was She them for a long time A didn t see B wouldn t see C hasn t seen D hadn t seen 23 Has your mother finished her report Sorry I don t know She it this morning A is writing B wrote C writes D has written 24 Why are you in such a hurry Mike There an NBA game in ten minutes A will have B will be C is going to have D are going to be 25 Jenny wants to know if you a hiking trip tomorrow Of course we will But if it we ll visit the Space Museum instead A will go on will rain B go on rains C will go on rains D go on will rain 26 What s that terrible noise The neighbors for a party A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare 27 When did the meeting begin At four o clock It for 15 minutes A was on B began C has begun D has been on 28 Li Kai hand in your homework please Oh sorry I it at home this morning A was leaving B have left C had left D left 29 How was your day off Pretty good I the science museum with my classmates A visit B visited C am visiting D will visit 30 Where you lunch At home There was no school lunch A did have B are having C will have D do have 动词的语态动词的语态 31 Boiled water for free here in the daytime A offer B offered C is offering D is offered 32 What a nice room Yes It every day A cleans B cleaned C has cleaned D is cleaned 33 Dad please open the door It OK dear I am coming A locks B locked C is locked D was locked 34 Mrs Johnson s funny story by everyone who heard it A laughed at B was laughed C laughed D was laughed at 35 I believe that those mountains with trees in a few years A are covered B will be covered C are covering D will cover 36 Necessary action so that students can be safe at school A can be taken B may be taken C must be taken D might be taken 37 Did you go to Jim s birthday party No I A am not invited B wasn t invited C haven t invited D didn t invite 38 Please don t stand up in class until you A were told to B are told to C were told D are told 39 When the car Sorry I don t know A does invent B did invent C was invented D was inventing 40 Do you have any problems if you this job Well I m thinking about the working time A offer B will offer C are offered D will be offered 41 Students not to use mobile phones in our school now A ask B asked C are asked D were asked 42 God your classroom is so dirty We were