高中英语 unit1 直接引语变间接引语教案 重大版必修1.doc

直接引语变间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech )概念：引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出叫做直接引语用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要用引号标出叫做间接引语。直接引语转化成间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要发生变化。1，句子结构的变化1） 如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句前的that有时可以省略。Jim said,i like swimming and i want to go swimming this afternoon.-Jim said (that)he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming that afternoon.2) 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或 if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。Mr.Li asked,Do you understand the text?Mr.Li asked us if/whether we understood the text.3） 直接引语为选择疑问句时，通常只用whether 引导。He asked,Is this book yours or his?He asked me whether the book was mine or his.4) 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Marys parents asked, ”what do you want, Mary?“Marys parents asked Mary what she wanted.5） 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可用what or how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, what a lovely day it is!She said what a lovely day it was!/she said that it was a lovely day.2, 时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去式一般过去时过去完成时时态一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时例题1，the boy said,i am doing my homework now. The boy said_.2, Bob said, my sister was here three days ago. Bob told me _.3, “Do you believe a volleyball can become your friend ?”the reporter asked.The reporter asked us_.4, Mr. Smith asked her, How long will it take you to fly to New York?Mr. Smith asked her_.5,Lori asked Kitty, what are you reading?Lori asked Kitty _.6, the teacher told them, you should clean the classroom after class.3, 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语以及动词的变化。人称代词：指示代词: this 变that ;these 变those时间状语从句：now-then,today-that day,tomorrow -the next day, yesterday-the day before,next year-the next year,ago-before/earlier, last night-the night before地点状语：here-there动词 come-go4, 请注意直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的情况。1） 当直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理、现在的习惯性动作、客观真理和格言时，变为间接引语时，其时态不变。He said,Nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it.He said that nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it. 2) 当直接引语阐述的是一个过去事实或有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。He said,The Bird Nest was built in 2008.He said that he has accepted her suggestion. 3) 当直接引语中有情态动词would,could,should,must,might,ought to等时，变为间接引语，这些情态动词不变。The doctor said, youd better drink a lot of water.The doctor told me that id better drink a lot of water.4) 直接引语变间接引语时，如果转述时就在原来的地方或就在当天说话，就不必改变句子的时间状语和地点状语。The teacher said,”you may have a ball game this weekend.“The teacher said that we may have a ball game this weekend.练习题：1,She said,my friend moved to Paris in 1998.2, he said the work will be finished tomorrow.3, she says, i am an admirer of Jay Chou.4, he asked me where i lived. He asked,_?5, he told me that he hadnt heard from Susan those days.Step1. studying the ruleT: read the following sentences, pay attention to the words in blue in each pair.Direct Speech1. Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”2. MrSmithsaid, “is Jackagoodboy?”3. HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”Indirect Speech1. Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.2. MrSmithasked if/whetherJackwasagoodboy. 3. HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。Step2. Finding the rule直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“ Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句. Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“ HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim. Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner. Sheaskedme,Whatwas Jack doing when I come in?”Sheaskedme what Jack was doing when she came in.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell (ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。如： 1.Dontmakeanynoise,the teachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise. 2.“Open the door,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopen the door.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）”如： Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.More rules1. 时态变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时一般过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student.2)一般将来时过去将来时 Shesaid, Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。二、如何变时态：3) 现在进行时过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.2. 注意以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。 Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaround thesunearth. Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jacksaid.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jacksaid he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已经是过去时的形式时， 例： oughtto，hadbetter,usedto Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.3.状语变化（1）.时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore, today变为 that day） He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” He said he wanted to go swimming then.(2). 地点状语(here 变 there) The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.(3). 指示代词由“此”改为“彼”(this改为that) 例: Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.Step3. Applying the ruleChange the following direct speech into indirect speech1) Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”2) Hesaid,Canyouswim,