2012年考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案2.docx

2012年考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案2Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 22meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as /kcnet1480/ /kcnet1480/newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37readership on the other.By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 . 21. Acontemporary Bmodern Cmedieval Dwestern 22. Aundoubtedly Breally Cabsolutely Daccordingly 23. Aimagining Bconsuming Cresuming Dassuming 24. Ainterruption Bdistraction Cbother Dpressure 25. Ahistorical Bhistoric Chistory Dhistorian 26. Aquality Bcharacter Cpersonality Ddistinctiveness 27. Aliterate Billiterate Cliteracy Dliterature 28. Areceded Bdeclined Cincreased Dexpanded 29. Alimitation Bnecessity Creduction Dshrink 30. Aprivate Bovert Cpublic Dsecret 31. Acause Beffect Cproduce Drealize 32. Aconsiderable Bconsiderate Cmoderate Dimmoderate 33. Arespectively Bhonorably Crespectfully Drelatively 34. Alargely Bintelligently Cmentally Dphysically 35. AHowever BWhatever CWhichever DWherever 36. Areplaced Btaken Cfollowed Ddistinguished 37. Aspecific Bspecial Cspecified Dspecialized 38. Aand Bif Cbut Dor 39. Atranslated Bdiffered Cshifted Daltered 40. Ainferred Badvised Cinduced DimpliedSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield.” But Says definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonalds. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faded to gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were “above” the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies. Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonalds is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.41. According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A The CEO of a big company.B The owner of a profitable restaurant.C A man who started a new kind of business.D A successful salesman.42. According to the text, the professionals .A are quite different from entrepreneurs even nowB were considered to be enterprising and market-centeredC were price-consciousD have to advertise themselves in nowadays43. From the text, we learn that .A an entrepreneur should be ver