形容词 学生.doc

AIM 1一、形容词（一）、形容词概念：有“白勺”的词。用来修饰名词或代词，表示事物的形状、性质和状态等。如“Chinese food中国的食物”，“strong girl健壮的少女”（二）、形容词的作用1、作定语：In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the states. 你在信中询问不同地区的时间问题。2、作表语：Im fine，but tired.我身体很好，但很累。注意：有些形容词通常作表语，常见的有well，ill(生病)以及a开头的部分形容词，如afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。Even when you are asleep you are using energy. 即使你睡着了，你仍然在消耗能量。I hope you werent ill.You dont look very well. 但愿你没病，不过你的脸色不太好。3、作主语补足语：The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。4、.作宾语补足语：Now you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that. 现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。5、作状语：A woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing winds. 一位妇女正躺在床上，没睡，听着风声。高考例题：08北京After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired06全国and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.Being surprisedD.To be surprising（三）、形容词的位置1.形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面an intelligent boy一个聪明的男孩a pair of beautiful little riding boots一双漂亮的小马靴2.在下列情况下形容词要放在后面1）形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时需后置。There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。I want to tell you something important. 我想告诉你一些重要的事情。2）以-able或-ible结尾的形容词可置于前面有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后。This is the best book available.这是最好的一本书。That is the only solution possible. 那是惟一可行的解决办法。3）以前缀a-开头的某些形容词，如：alike，alive，afraid，awake，aware，asleep等，可置于only等词修饰的名词之后。He was the only person awake at the moment.他是那时惟一醒着的人。4）和空间、时间单位合用时，放在其后。two months ago两个月以前a ruler twelve inches long 12英寸长的尺子5）形容词enough一般需后置，但也可以前置。I have money enough.我的钱够了。=I have enough money. 我有足够的钱。6）成对的形容词可以后置There was a huge room simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简朴而美观。She has many pencils，blue and red. 她有许多铅笔，有蓝的，有红的。7）形容词短语一般需后置，往往相当于定语从句。We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个两倍这么大的地方。A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。8）.多个形容词作定语修饰一个名词时的排列顺序。如果几个形容词的性质差不多，则音节少的在前，音节多的靠近名词，如a big soft pillow。一般顺序如下：限定词（these，those.）+数量形容词（three）+描绘性形容词（beautiful+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）+新旧（old）+颜色（red）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wooden）+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。相关记忆链：“县官行令宴国材”，县官发布命令，表扬国家栋梁之材。县官：限定词all,any，one等及冠词。行：形状、大小、长短、高低、方圆。令：年龄、新旧、年老、年轻，old，yong，new等。宴：颜色，red，yellow，green等。国：某国家的，国籍的。材：材料，wooden，iron，feather等。如Some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花。高考例题：05北京This _ girl is Linds cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 注意：貌似副词的形容词lonely(独自的)，friendly(友好的)，lively(生动的)，lovely(可爱的)二、副词（一）、副词的概念：含有“土也”的词。用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。如run slowly 很慢地跑，much far非常地远,I have met him before 我以前见过他（二）、副词的类别1.时间副词 now，then，today，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，immediately，often，usually，early2.地点副词outside，upstairs，anywhere，up，forward，here，there，away，in back，off3.方式副词 simply，quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，again，once，easily，together4.程度副词very，quite，rather，extremely，completely，widely，partly，perfectly，badly，too5.疑问副词when，where，why，how6.关系副词when，where，why7.连接副词when，where，why，how8.其他surely，certainly，really，however，therefore，perhaps，moreover，yes，no（三）、副词的作用1.作状语He worked hard all his life. (修饰动词)他一辈子工作卖力。He plays tennis very badly (修饰副词)他网球打得相当糟糕。2.作表语Sorry，Mr.Smith isnt in.He is out. 抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。3.作定语（通常后置）On our way home，we saw a traffic accident.在我们回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。4.作宾语补足语I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。（四）、副词的位置1.副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。如：This book is quite interesting. 这本书相当有趣。The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子足够大可以上学了。2.频度副词(always，often，usually，never，seldom，hardly，sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 在星期天孩子们经常随父母一块去逛公园。3.地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。I remember seeing you somewhere.我记得在什么地方见过你。4.同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词地点副词时间副词。Mr.Brown drove his car quickly outside then.布朗先生开着他的车飞快地出去了。5.修饰全句的副词多置于句首。 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. 幸运的是，他没有被淹死，而是被解放军给救了。三、形容词、副词的比较级（一）、原级的用法1、“甲 + 谓语动词 + as + 原级 + as +乙”表示甲乙两者程度相同。I think foreign languages are as difficult as science subjects. 我想外语和理科一样难学。2、“甲 + 谓语动词 + not + as/so + 原级 + as +乙”表示“甲不如乙”。Luckily the weather was not so wet as it today. 幸运的是天气不象今天这样潮湿。3、“甲 + 谓语动词 + less + 原级 + as + 乙”表示“甲不比乙 ”I think music is less important than Chinese.我不认为数学比语文重要。（二）、比较级表示两者之间的比较，常用句型结构有：1、“甲 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than + 乙”，表示“甲比乙 。”Han Meimeis cake is bigger than Lilys.韩梅梅的蛋糕比莉莉大。比较级前可用much, even, still, a bit, a little等加强语气。Its much better than having class.比上课好玩多了。2、“甲 + 谓语动词 +比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词(介词短语) ”，表示“甲比任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何城市都大。3、“甲 + 谓语动词 + the +比较级 + of the two +”表示“两者中较的”。Tom is the taller of the two (brothers).汤姆是他兄弟俩人中较高的一个。4、“比较级+and + 比较级”表示“越来越”。Our life gets better and better. 我们的生活越来越好。（三）、.最高级用于三者以上的比较，表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最”，常用句型结构有：1、“主语 + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of短语”，Huanghe is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二大长河。2、“主语 + 谓语动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of短语”表示“是最之一。”The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。3、“特殊疑问词 + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级，+ 甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳、月亮和地球哪一个最大？高考例题：2011全国卷II,17Mr. Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a _ boss.A. better B. good C. best D. still better2011上海春招,28Youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.A. moreB. mostC. lessD. least2011四川卷,12How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _ one before.A.a pleasant B.a more pleasant C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant2011江西卷24The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen.A. far more interesting B.much less interestingC. no more interesting D.any less interesting10全国Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_.A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular08全国IYoure driving too fast. Can you drive _?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit08辽宁It looks like the weather is changing for _. Shall we stick to our plan?A. the worseB. worseC. the worstD. worst08上海In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _ in traffic.A. the most organized B. more organizedC. soorganized asD. as organized as08上海春Those who have _ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly A. much B. more C. most D. many08上海春Food safety is _ important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution. A. highly B. reasonably C. strongly D. naturally07全国IIAfter two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairlyD. quite07全国IISpeaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known07北京The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest07福建Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes, The job is I could do myself. A.less thanB.more than C.no more than D.not more than07江苏With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best07江西The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A.good B.better C.best D.well07陕西Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if . A.not better than B.not better C.no better than D.better07 四川Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive07 浙江Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier07上海春Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as_ defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family.A. clearB. clearer C. clearly D. more clearly06全国Did you take enough money with you?No, I needed_ I thought I would.A.not so much as B.as much asC.much more than D.much less than06江苏I wish youd do _talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 06湖北Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. ThoughAIM 2(06全国卷2)8. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one(06上海春)42. Small cars are _ of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.A. free B. short C. typical D. economical(06天津卷)13. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least importance are skills.A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper(06福建卷)26.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _.A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable(06江苏卷)33. I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more(06浙江卷)10. Letterboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual(06安徽卷)22Of the two sisters, Betty is_one, and she is also the one who loves to be quietAa younger Ba youngest Cthe younger Dthe youngest(06辽宁卷)23.I hear_boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. （短语）A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little(06上海春)44. The performer was waving his stick in the street and it _missed the child standing nearby. A. narrowly B. nearly C. hardly D. closely(06江西卷)25The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings；_，it caused 20 deaths.Aor else Btherefore Cafter all Dbesides(06江西卷)30Attention，coffee lovers! We have for you，the best coffee machine _ inventedA. ever Balready C. even Unowadays(06湖北卷)30. Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though(06湖南卷)29.Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way_ to the Home Circle Building.A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily(06江苏卷)25. - Are you going to have a holiday this year? - Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. A. off B. out C. behind D. over(06江苏卷)26. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week. A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually(06广东卷)23. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have_ heard of her. A. even B. ever C. just D. never(06浙江卷)9. _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet(06浙江卷)12. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides(06北京卷)21. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models. A. less ; older B. less ; elder C. fewer ; older D. fewer ; elder(06上海春)31. Some experts think that language learning is much _ for children as their tongues are more flexible.A. easy B. easier C. easily D. more easily(06江西卷)35I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_.A. better Bworse Cthe best Dthe worst(06全国卷2)14. Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would.A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than(06广东卷)28. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost , their political influence should be very great. A. As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far(06浙江卷)15. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many07年（07 全国卷II）1. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A. veryB. farC. fairly D. quite（07 全国卷II）2. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-knownB. well-knownC. best-known D. most-known（07 上海卷）3. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. A. more carefullyB. the most carefully C. less carefullyD. the least carefully（07 上海卷）4. John was dismissed last week because of his _ attitude towards his job. A. informalB. casualC. determined D. earnest（07 上海卷）5. Since Tom _ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now. A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentally D. irregularly（07 上海卷）6. Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family.AclearBclearerCclearly Dmore clearly（07 上海春）7. Although the country has had political independence for over a century, it needs the support of its neighbors.Anaturally Beconomically C. especially Dluckily（07 上海卷）8. The study surveyed 500 families and found the main _problem people suffered was tiredness, followed by loneliness and anxiety. AdomesticBpublicC. psychological Dbiological（07 福建卷）9. Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes, The job is I could do myself.A. less thanB. more thanC.no more thanD.not more than（07 湖北卷）10. She devoted herself to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. A. strongly B. extremely C. entirely D. freely（07 湖北卷）11. He began to take political science only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously（07 湖北卷）12. This magazine is very with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular（07 湖北卷）13. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _ environment. A. peacefulB. sensitive C. common D. stable（07 湖南卷）14. Its hard for him playing against me. Ive got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so _. A. far B. well C. little D. badly （07 湖南卷）15. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most （07 江苏卷）16. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. A. goodB. betterC. best D. the best（07 江西卷）17. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. A.good B.better C.best D.well（07 陕西卷）18. Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _ .A.not better than B.not better C.no better than D.better（07 山东卷） 19. It is not socially_ for parents to leave children unattended at that age. Aaccessible Badorable Cadaptable Dacceptable （07 安徽卷）20. The school s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two on the weekend. A. more B. other C. else D. another（07 北京卷）21. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest（07 四川卷）22. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive（07 天津卷）23. A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common（07 浙江卷）24. Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very