牛津译林初中英语八年级上册第二单元教案.doc

教学过程一重点词性变化travel v.旅行-travelling/traveling n.旅行-traveler/traveller n.旅行者sand n.沙；沙滩-sandy adj.多沙的，沙质的beauty n.美丽；美人-beautiful adj.美丽的flight n.航班；航行-fly vi.飞行feel vt.感觉到，意识到-feeling n.感觉dead adj.死的-die vi.死-death n.死亡direct adj.笔直的，径直的-directly adv. 笔直地，径直地二课文知识详解1.CanIjoinyou?1)join+组织；takepartin+活动；attend+会议；2)joinsb.joinsb.insth./doingsth.;Hisdreamistoj_theParty.Heisatopstudent.Healways_(参加)schoolactivities.Heisagoodteacher.Hehas_(加入)inthePartyfortwentyyears.Wontyou_(参加)usinthefootballmatch?2.I dont think itll be a holiday for me.考点：宾语从句的否定转移。当主句的谓语动词为 think, guess, suppose, believe 等且主语为第一人称时，从句若表示否定，一般将否定词 not转移到主句的谓语中，这就叫作“否定转移”。如： I dont think he will come this evening. She believes he doesnt study harder.当主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。He thinks that he isnt fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。 3.I miss you so much !Miss v. 意思为“想念，思念”如When I am abroad, I miss my parents.拓展：1).miss 作动词还可以表示“错过，没赶上”，如Hurry up, or you may miss the bus.2) .miss 作名词还可以表示“小姐”，后接姓氏。Eg: This is my English teacher, Miss Li.4.We re having a fantastic time here.Fantastic adj. 意思为“极好的，美妙的”，其同义词为 wonderful.句子中的短语have a fantastic time 的同义短语为have a good/great/wonderful time.如：I have a fantastic social life.5.It moved at high speed and was really exciting!Speed n.速度，常见短语为：at the speed of, 以。的速度，如It moves at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour.拓展：speed可以作动词，其词组为speed up,意思为加速。You notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.6.We were screaming and laughing through the ride.考点1).through prep.穿过，通过; 自始自终The river runs through our village.辨析：across与through两者都可作介词,都意为“穿过”，但是用法不同：across 着重指从一物体表面的一边、一面到另一边、另一面。例如：Can you swim across the river in ten minutes?I helped the blind man across the road.through 着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头，也就是说从一个物体的空间里穿过。例如:The river flows through the city.The road led through the trees to the river.注意：across是介词，不要与动词cross,（穿过）混淆。考点2.ride n.乘坐（游乐设施），（乘车或骑车的）短途旅程。常见短语为give sb a ride to ,让某人搭车去某地，如He gave me a ride to the market.拓展：ride常作为动词，骑马，乘车。过去式为rode, 过去分词为ridden,现在分词为riding.如Have you ever ridden a horse?7.I ran after them and couldnt stop taking photos. 考点：Cant stop doing sth 不停地做某事（忍不住做某事） I couldnt stop laughing when I heard it 听到那件事，我忍不住大笑。 Cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 I cant wait to play basketball after finishing my homework. 我一完成作业就迫不及待去打篮球. Cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 She couldnt t help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。注意：Cant stop doing sth常可以和cant help doing sth 替换使用。8.such as 和 for example区别 两者都表示“例如” Such as 偏重列举，即将同一类人或物一 一列举出来。 For example 偏重举例，通常在同一类的人或物中举出一个例子。I like all kinds of ball games, such as basketball, football, ping pong and so on.我喜欢各种球类运动，比如，篮球、足球、乒乓球等等There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。 9.I bought a couple of key rings for classmates.Couple n. 两人，两件事物。常见短语为a couple of = a pair of ，一双，一对，几个。如The couple arrived at the party very early.We met in Moscow a couple of weeks ago.10、I see Andy playing on the send too. 我看见安迪也在沙滩上玩。1. see sb do/doing sth 意为“看到某人做某事”。see sb do sth 表示经常看见某人做某事，或者看到某人做某事的全过程；see sb doing sth 表示看见某人正在做某事。如： I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正在干活”这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 Jim often saw Meimei help others. 吉姆常常看到梅梅帮助他人。2. sand 意为“沙；沙滩”，为不可数名词。如： Is there much sand here? 这里沙子多吗？ They are playing on the sand. 他们正在沙滩上玩耍。链接中考：Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver. Aplaying B tobeplaying Cplay D toplat11、The parade has been over for hours. 游行已经结束好几个消失了。over adv. 结束。 be over的同义词为end，finish。如：Our holidays will soon be over. 我们的假日不就将要结束了。Well go out when the rain is over. 雨停了我们就出去。拓展：over还可作介词。意为“在上边；覆盖”时，同义词为on top of，covering；意为“多于；超过”时，同义词为more than。如：I put a blanket over the sleeping child. 我在睡着的孩子身上盖了一条毯子。He wore a thick coat over his sweater. 他在毛衣外面加了一件厚外套。He has lived in Beijing over two years. 他住在北京已经两年多了。You have to be over 18 to drive a car. 你要超过十八岁才能开车。12、The fish have been dead for some time. 鱼死了一段时间了。dead为形容词，意为“死的”。辨析：die, death, dying与dead词性词义例句die动词原形死亡His father died last week. 他的爸爸上周去世了death名词死亡She cried after knowing her husbands death.在知道丈夫死亡的消息时，她哭起来。dying动词现在分词；形容词奄奄一息的，垂死的The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.那个奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救起。dead形容词死的He found a dead bird in the garden.在花园里，他发现了一只死去的小鸟。13. except ，besides的区别except 意思是“除了之外”，“介词。如：Everyone except me goes to school by bike. 除了我之外，所有的人都是骑车上学的。 We can see all the colures in this picture except grey. 除了灰色，我们能在这幅画里看到所有的颜色。 另外，except和besides虽都解释为“除了之外”，“except是将紧跟其后的宾语“排除在外”，“besides则将宾语内容“包含在内”。如：We all have finished homework except him. 除了他之外，我们都已经完成了回家作业。（他还没有完成。） We all have finished homework besides him. 除了他以外，我们大家也已经完成了回家作业。（他也完成了。）链接中考：1.Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days.A. for B.except C.besides D.with2.Does John know any other foreign language _ French?A.except B.but C.besides D.beside14.My dad has been to Chengdu on business twiceBusiness 为名词，意思是公事，生意，常用短语为on business, 出差。如：-where is Mr. Wang?-He has gone on business to shanghai.拓展：business is business公事公办 None of your business 不关你的事链接中考： Im sorry, I shouldnt have used up all the money so quickly. _. Whats done is done.A. Its none of my businessB. Forget itC. Remember next timeD. Good luck15. My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning.Leave v. 意思是“离开”，如：（1） leave 用作及物动词，意思是留下，留给，常与表示地点的介词短语连用。短语leave sb by oneself,意思是“把某人独自留下”。如：They are very with work and always leave their son home by himself.他们忙于工作，总是让儿子自己待在家。我把手机忘在了火车上。翻译成英文： (2) leave 可用作及物动词或者不及物动词，意思是离开，出发。常用短语leave for,意思是“动身、出发去某地。”如：I left Paris for New York.链接中考：Im sorry but I _ my book at home.A. forgotB. forgetC. leftD. Leave语法讲解-现在完成时一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词陈述句 一般疑问句 否定句I have read .Have you read. I havent read.He has read.Has he read. He hasnt read.二、现在完成时的用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），recently(近来), before（以前），yet（还；已经），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）。用法二：2.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态，多是延续性动词。对应的时间状语有： for + 一段时间； since + 过去的点时间 / 从句（从句一定用一般过去时）/ doing；all ones life, so far, since then, ever since, in/over/during the past/last few years/weeks(近几年来)/ 对这三种时间状语提问都是用How long for一段时间： I have taught English for 19 years。 since表示过去时间点的词语： He has been at this school since 1986.I have known him since 20 years ago. since一般过去时状语从句：I have lived here since I was born. sincedoing: He has lived in Beijing since coming to China= He has lived in Beijing since he came to China So far, we have visited the moon.三、英语中有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（）He has come back for two hours.（） 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999.四、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all ones life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正）I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用“It is / has been时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）（3）用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has left home for 20 years.(错) 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.He has lost his pen for 2 days.（错） 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.（4）用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years.（错） 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.The factory has opened since 1999.（错） 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.How long has he left? （错） 改为:How long has he been away?（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。He has bought the book for two weeks.（错） 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.1. buyhave2. borrow / lendkeep3. arrive / reach /get to /be in /at4. leavebe away（from）5. joinbe in / be a member of6. diebe dead7. get marriedbe married8. come / gobe in /at9.begin / startbe on 10. stop/finish / endbe over11. move be in /at12. openbe open 13. closebe closed14. losebe lost15. becomebe 16. get upbe up 17. fall asleepbe asleep 18. fall illbe ill19. get to knowknow20. go out be out21. receive / get a letterhave a letter 22. catch / get a coldhave a cold23. begin to studystudy24.turn on/off beon/ off25.make friendsbe friends26. become interested inbe interested in27 go to schoolbe in school / be a student28. return / come back / get back/go backbe back29. join the armybe in the army /be a soldier他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.It is three years since he joined the army.Three years has passed since he joined the army.课后作业:一、 翻译下列词组1. 整个旅途中高速运行玩得很开心2.匆忙去扬州3.一天中最精彩的部分4.在焰火下看起来明亮而又美丽 5.忍不住一直追逐老鼠6.在沙滩上玩的最佳时间 7.在湖边去钓鱼享受自然美8.游行之后看一部美妙的4-D电影9.整年有爬山的计划 10.在香港之旅的结尾听到风声11.最近去扬州12.一个拥有800万人口的海滨城市13.除了看电视什么也没有做14.用手指指着别人15.离开巴黎去纽约16.请求他们留下他们的姓名和地址二、 单项选择( )1.Good to see you again.Its almost three years we met last time.A.until B.before C.while D.since( )2.I cant find Mary.Wheres she?Sorry,I dont know .A.where has she been B.where she has beenC.where has she gone D.where she has gone( )3.He has _ been to Shanghai , has he?A.already B.never C.ever D.still( )4.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written ( )5.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _ .A. has changed ; well B.changed ; goodC. has changed ; better D.changed ; better( )6. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university( )7. Fishing with Dad was so for little Sam that he almost fell asleep.A. excited B. exciting C. bored D. boring( )8.How long does it take to get to the airport?Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure the highway will closes soon. Lets set off earlier.A. whether B. when C. how D. why( )9.I believe this is the best movie of the year.Well, . Anyway, the ending is OK.A. thats a good idea B. that may not be a good ideaC. Im not sure if youre right D. I think youre right( )10.We arrived at the station too early and had _ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other.A. somewhere B. anywhereC. everywhere D. nowhere( )11.Excuse me, is there _ book by Mo Yan?Yes. Its on _ bookshelf over there.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a( )12.The Greens used to live in London and now they _ in Beijing.A.