修辞翻译unit 6PPT幻灯片课件

RhetoricTranslation修辞翻译 1 Rhetoricaldevices orfiguresofspeecharewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralmeaningstolendforcetoanidea toheighteneffect ortocreatesuggestiveimagery wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively 2 修辞格 figuresofspeech 是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术 它能使语言生动形象 具体活泼 给人以美的享受 要翻译好英语修辞格 首先要弄清其特点 弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同 然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译 英语修辞格种类很多 但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格 词义修辞格和句法修辞格 3 RhetoricalDevice RhetoricalDeviceofSound音韵修辞格phonologicalrhetoricaldevicesRhetoricalDeviceofWord词义修辞格 semanticrhetoricaldevices RhetoricalDeviceofSyntax句法修辞格 4 RhetoricalDeviceofSound 1 Alliteration头韵2 Assonance类韵3 Onomatopoeia拟声 5 RhetoricalDeviceofWord 1 Simile明喻2 Metaphor隐喻3 Personification拟人4 Hyperbole夸张5 Irony反语6 Euphemism委婉语7 Metonymy转喻8 Synecdoche提喻9 TransferredEpithet移位修饰法10 Pun双关11 Zeugma轭式修饰法 轭式搭配12 Oxymoron矛盾修饰法13 Antithesis对语 对句 对偶 6 RhetoricalDeviceofSyntax 1 Repetition重复2 RhetoricalQuestion设问 反问 7 RhetoricalDeviceofSound RhetoricalDeviceofSoundisinvolvedinwordpronunciationfeatures Itmainlyconsistsofalliteration assonanceandonomatopoeia 顾名思义 音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法 它主要包括onomatopoeia alliteration和assonance 8 1 Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法 与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同 恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动 如 Presentlytherecametheclickofhigh heeledshoes 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来 9 2 Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中 有两个以上彼此靠近的词 其开头的音节 或其他重读音节 具有同样的字母或声音 Shesellssea shellsonthesea shore Thefairbreezeblew thewhitefoamflew Thefurrowfollowedfree 清风徐徐吹 白浪翩翩飞 水花任意随船尾 10 3 Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间 有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音 前者与汉语的双声 汉语中两个或多个音节 声母相同 叫做双声 它不是辞格 相似 后者与汉语的叠韵 两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同 非常相似 例如 PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickingpepper alliteration 皮特 派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉 11 RhetoricalDeviceofword Wordrhetoricaldevicesoftenrefertodevicescreatedfromsemanticassociationandlanguagevariation 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法 12 1 Simile ASimileisafigureofspeech whichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative thatis theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexistsonlyinourminds Tomakethecomparison wordslike as as as andlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother 13 Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同 用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境 其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中 在形式上是相对应的 英语simile的比喻词一般是like as as 等 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是 好象 仿佛 等 例如 Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails 这些人犹如街上的有轨电车 满足于在自己的轨道上运行 14 2 Metaphor Ametaphoralsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements butunlikeasimile thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated 暗喻兼有汉语隐喻 借喻及拟物的特点 即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写 15 Compare 1 Jimwasascunningasafox 象狐狸一样狡猾2 Theworldislikeastage Jimwasafox Theworldisastage Experienceisthemotherofwisdom 经验是智慧之母 Silencefellwiththesnow andthewoodsbecameaquietcathedral 寂静伴随雪花笼罩大地 树林成为一座肃穆的大教堂 16 3 Personification Bydefinition personificationisafigureofspeechthatgiveshumanformorfeelingstoanimals orlifeandpersonalattributes 特性 toinanimateobjects ortoideasandabstractions Personification与汉语拟人完全相同 就是赋予物以人的言语属性 这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动 富有情趣 17 例如 Wordspaynodebts 空话还不了债 Summerisalmostoverandfallissteppingin 夏天即将过去 秋天即将来临 Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees 风呼啸穿过树林 18 4 Hyperbole Hyperboleisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis Hyperbole与汉语的夸张完全相同 都是为了表达深刻的感受 抒发强烈的感情 通过故意夸大事实来给人留下深刻的印象 19 Hiswordsmademybloodfreeze 听了他的话 我的血都快凝固了 Thanksamillion Sheistheprettiestgirlintheworld Helaughedheartily Healmostdiedlaughing Belindasmiled andalltheworldwasgay 20 5 Irony反语 Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense Irony的含义比汉语的反语广泛 它包括verbalirony dramaticirony situationalirony Verbalirony与汉语反语的特点完全相同 也是正话反说 反话正说 一般需借助于特定的上下文和语境才能被正确理解 在多数情况下 irony可以译成汉语的反语 21 Whatanobleillustrationofthetenderlawofhisfavoredcountry Theyletthepaupersgotosleep 以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈精神是多么有意义的例证 他们竟允许穷人睡觉 Theboyhasbrokenanotherglass saidthemother Afinething thefatherreplied 母亲说 小家伙又打碎了一个杯子 父亲回答道 好得很 22 6 Euphemism Euphemismisdefinedasthesubstitutionofmildorvagueorroundaboutexpressionforharshordirectone Oritisdefinedasthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant Euphemism就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话 把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和 含蓄地表达出来 这在汉语中叫委婉语 23 Forexample weusecustodialworkertoreplacejanitor 守门人 usesanitationengineertoreplacegarbageman 清洁工 usethedisadvantagedtoreplacethepoor 穷人 useindustrialactiontoreplacestrike 罢工 24 togotosleep长眠topassaway去世 与世长辞tocloseone seyes闭眼 合眼toendone sday寿终tolaydownone slife献身tobreatheone slast咽气 断气toexpire逝世togowest归西天 25 7 Metonymy 转喻 借代 Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother Inotherwords itinvolveda changeofname 是指不直接说出人或事物的名称 而另外用与其有关联的事物的名称来代替 说话或写文章时不直接说出所要表达的人或事物 而是借用与它有密切相关的人或事物来代替 26 Thepenismightierthanthesword Theswordrepresentsthewarandthefighting Thepenrepresentsthenegotiation agreement treatyandsoon Shesetsagood poor table 她的烹调美味可口 Itmeanssheprovidesgood poor food 27 A NamesofPersons1 JohnBull England ortheEnglishpeople 2 UncleSam TheUnitedStatesofAmericaB Animals1 BritishLion EnglandortheEnglishgovernment2 TheBear TheSovietUnion ortheSovietgovernment 28 C Professions1 TheBar thelegalprofessionHehasbeencalledtothebar 他已取得律师资格 2 TheBench positionofjudgeormagistrateHehasbeenappointedtothebench 他被任命为法官 地方行政长官 29 D LocationsofGovernment ofBusinessorIndustrialEnterprises1 CapitolHill国会山 thelegislativebranchoftheU S government2 ThePentagons五角大楼 theU S militaryestablishment3 FleetStreet舰队街 theBritishPress4 WallStreet华尔街 U S financialcircles 30 8 Synecdoche 提喻 Synecdochehasoftenbeenconfusedwithmetonymy andsometimeseventreatedsynonymously Thisisnotsurprising asbothfiguresofspeechinvolvedsubstitution onlymetonymyinvolvesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanothercloselyassociatedwithit Whereassynecdocheinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole orthewholeforthepart 31 Synecdoche相当于就是借代 指代 提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称 而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段 32 A Thepartforthewhole1 Hand worker labor andhelper Theywereshortofhandsatharvesttime 2 Head person Hepaidtheworkers 5perhead 3 Heart bravefellow Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance 33 4 Legs coll persononfoot theinfantry Thelegscouldhardlykeepupwiththetanks 5 Bread food Theysaythereisbreadandworkforall 34 B Thewholeforthepart AustraliabeatCanadaatcricket 板球 theAustralianteambeattheCanadianteam TheTVisoutoforder acertainpartofTVisnotoforder C Nameofmaterialforthethingmade Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins Clothesmadeofsilkandsatin Hewalkedtheboards thestage foraliving D Thecontainerforthethingcontainedorviceversa Thekettleisboiling Waterinthekettle Twobeers please Twoglassesofbeer 35 9 TransferredEpithet移位修饰 Atransferredepithetis asitsnameimplies afigureofspeechwhereanepithet 表述词语anadjectiveordescriptivephrase istransferredfromthenoun itshouldrightlymodifytoanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong Generally theepithetistransferredfromapersontoathingoridea 36 asleeplessbed abedonwhichthesleeperhadnosleep acondemnedcell aprisoncellforpersonscondemnedtodeath amurderousknife aknifeusedbyamurdererorapersonwithmurderousintent 37 awinningfootballseason awinningseasoninwhich ateam hopestowinorhaswon contemptuousbrow thebrowofacontemptuouspersoni e thepersonlookedcontemptuouslyatsomeoneorsomething drunkenfury thefuryofadrunkenperson 38 10 Pun Puncanbeaword aphraseorasentencewhichimpliestwomeanings oneisliteralmeaning theotherismetaphoricalorfigurativemeaning Ifproperlyused itcanmakethelanguagemorevivid moreeffective 39 Punfallsintotwomaincategories Oneishomonym同形同音异义词 谐音双关 whichhasthesamesoundandsamespelling yetwithdifferentmeanings Theotherishomophone同音异形异义词 语义双关 Thatis wordshavingthesameoralmostthesamesound butdifferinginform originandmeaning 40 Swallowmeans1 asinglebird 2 adrinkofwine liquor Nothinglikealittleexercisetochangeaman slife especiallyifit sawalkdowntheaisle Walkmeans1 ashortwalkforexercise2 awalkdownthechurchaisletogetmarriedTheaboveexamplesbelongtothehomonyms同音异义词 Oneswallowdoesn tmakeasummer butitsurewarmsyouonacoldwinterday 41 Thentherewasthemanintherestaurant You renoteatingyourfish thewaitresssaidtohim Anythingwrongwithit Longtimenosea themanreplied Longtimenoseeisacommonexpressionbetweenfriendswhohavenotmetforalongtime Longtimenosea however hereimpliesthefishwasstale ithadlefttheseatoolong Thisexamplebelongstohomophone同音词 42 11 Zeugma轭式修饰法 Zeugmaisafigureofspeechbywhichasinglewordismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence eitherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses 43 A OneVerb Two orMore Objects Sheopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy Sheshowedsympathyforthechildandacceptedhim Clothesthatfitthemanandthetimes Clothesaresuitableforthemanandarefashionable 44 B Prep Two orMore Objects Oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallforfriendshipandahotlunch Themanstoodinahighplaceandahighmanner 那人站在高处 态度傲慢 C TwoSubjects OneVerb Tenminuteslater thecoffeeandJohnSmitharrivedsimultaneously 45 12 Oxymoron矛盾修饰法 AnOxymoronisacompressedparadox formedbyconjoiningoftwocontrasting contradictoryterms alivingdeath半死不活 不是活着的死 sweetsorrow忧喜参半 不是甜蜜的悲伤 proudhumility不卑不亢 不是骄傲的谦卑 cruelkindness害人的仁慈 不是残酷的仁慈 46 Eg Themomentofpartingwasbittersweet forIknowIwouldprobableneverseetheHolliesagain 分别的时刻又苦又甜 我知道恐怕永远也不会再见到霍利斯一家了 47 13 Antithesis对语 对句 对偶 Antithesisisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis Whetheritisforceful effective humorous orsatiricaldependschieflyonthejuxtaposition 并列 并置 ofdirectopposites ofglaringcontrasts 对偶是用字数相等 结构形式相同 意义对称的一对短语或句子来表达两个相对或相近意思的修辞方式 对偶主要是从结构形式上说的 它要求结构相称 字数相等 48 Speechissilver Silenceisgolden NotthatIlovedCaesarless butthatIloveRomemore Ittakesagreatdealofhistorytoproducealittleliterature Manproposes Goddisposes 谋事在人 成事在天 49 Inforapenny inforapound 一不做 二不休 Selfdo selfhave 自作自受 Thesmallerthemindis thegreatertheconceitis 心地愈狭 则愈自大 50 Rhetoricaldeviceofsyntax Forthesakeofemphasis syntacticfiguresofspeechmainlyappearinthesentencestructure Thiskindoffiguresofspeechmainlyinvolvesrepetitionandrhetoricalquestion etc 51 1 Repetition Repetitionmeansusingthesameword samesentence sameparagraphoverandoveragaintoachievestrongemotions ortolayemphasisonthesignificanceinacertainincident ortomakeupaspecialsituation 52 1 Andwhatifsheshoulddid Shewon tdie Peopledon tdieinchildbirthnowadays Thatwaswhatallhusbandsthought Yes butwhatifsheshoulddie Shewon tdie She sjusthavingabadtime Theinitiallaborisusuallyprotracted She sonlyhavingabadtime Afterwardswe dsaywhatabadtimeandCatherinewouldsayitwasn treallysobad Butwhatifsheshoulddie Shecan tdie Yes butwhatifsheshoulddie Shecan t Itellyou Don tbefool It sjustabadtime It sjustnaturegivingher 53 It sonlythefirstlabor whichisalmostalwaysprotracted Yes whatifsheshoulddie Shecan tdie Whywouldshedie Whatreasonisthereforhertodie There sjustachildthathastobeborn theby productofgoodnightsinMilan Itmakestroubleandisbornandthenyoulookafteritandgetfondofitmaybe Butwhatifsheshoulddie Shewon t She sallright Butwhatifs