学术英语(理工)课后单词复习.doc

ACADEMICENGLISHTEXT11. debatea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal2. somewhatto a small degree or extent3. eliminatecompletely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted4. valid(computing) that is accepted by the system5. accessthe right to obtain or make use of take advantage of something6. temporarynot permanent; not lasting7. inherentexisting as an essential constituent or characteristic8. applicationa piece of computer software that is designed to do a particular job9. availableobtainable or accessible and ready for use or service10. utilizeput into serviceTEXT21. snatchgrab or seize quickly2. trinitygroup of three things or people3. commoditya product that is bought and sold4. deviousroundabout ; not straightforward5. tricksomething done in order to deceive somebody6. standstillstop or halt7. menacesomeone or something that is dangerous8. specimensomething taken as an example of its group9. contaminatepollute10. multiplyincrease in number or quantityTEXT31. categorya group of people or things that all have the same particular qualities2. premisesthe building and land that a shop, company, etc. uses3. generica product that does not have a trademark 4. infrastructurebasic facilities which function as communication and power supplies and so on5. telecommutewoke for a company at home using a computer connected to the main office6. databasea large amount of date stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easily7. configurearrange something ,especially computer equipment ,so that it works with other equipment8. back upmake a copy of information on your computer9. abstraction a general idea about a type of a thing or a person10. allocation the amount or share of something that is given to someone or used for a particular purposeTEXT41. interactivitythe state of having an effect on each other2. subscriptionan amount of money paid regularly to obtain service3. offlinenot connected to the Internet4. downtimetime when a computer is not working5. architecturethe structure of a computer system and the way it works6. virtualizationthe creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something ,such as an operating system ,a server , a storage device or network resources7. executablecan be carried out 8. diagrama simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and used to explain how a machine works9. equationa mathematical statement saying that two amounts or values are the same10. paradigma model for something that explains it or shows how it can beTEXT51. biomedicalrelating to the activities and applications of science to clinical medicine2. shrinkageprocess or result of becoming less or smaller3. superfluousmore than is needed ,desired ,or required 4. unemploy lay off5. craftsmana creator of great skill in the manual arts6. moan a groan or an utterance expressing pain or disapproval7. entertainera person who tries to please or amuse8. manufacturethe act of making something (a product) from raw materials9. dispossessed physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security10. deskillremove or reduce the need for skill in a job , usually by changing to machineryTEXT61. strategy an elaborate and systematic plan of action2. flaw an imperfection in an object or weakness in a persons character3. diversify put money into several different types of investment instead of only one or two4. initial occurring at the beginning5. ultimate happening at the end of a process or activity6. alter cause to change7. equilibrium a balance between several different influences8. enhancemake something better or more attractive9. renege fail to fulfill a promise or obligation10. appropriate suitable for a particular person or place or conditionTEXT71. modify cause to change ;make different2. immutable never changing3. exotic from another place or part of the world4. arena the people and activities involved with a particular5. empirical derived from experiment and observation rather than theory6. remnant a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists7. anticipatemake a prediction about ; expect8. envision imagine ; conceive of ; see in ones mind9. prevailing prevalent , popular10. propheticforetelling events as if by supernatural interventionTEXT81. dedicate give all your attention and effort to one particular thing2. devour eat up greedily3. assemblebring or call together into a group or whole4. application a specific use to which something is put5. eventually at the very end ; finally6. complementary forming a satisfactory or balanced whole7. speculation a supposition ,theory , or opinion arrived at through speculating8. diminish decrease in size ,extent ,or range9. immediate of the near the present time10. atomic of or relating to an atom or atomsTEXT91. devastation damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of people2. abundantpresent in great quantity3. simulate make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance of feeling of being real4. brutality the trait of extreme cruelty5. dramatically greatly and suddenly6. fossil the remain (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil7. concurrently existing or happening at the same time8. depletion the act of decreasing something markedly9. voluntary acting ,done or given willingly ;not forced of compelled10. predestination previous determination as if by destiny or fateTEXT101. pronounced marked ,prominent ,obvious2. ratify approve and sanction formally3. elevated higher than normal4. episode an event or set of events that forms part of a longer series but is considered separately5. inevitable certain ti happen and unable to be avoided or prevented6. involuntarily done contrary to or without choice7. grind wear down ,polish ,or sharpen by friction8. irrefutable impossible to refute9. inertia the force that keeps an object in the same position ,or keeps it moving until it is moved or stopped by another force10. herald make known the presence or arrival ofTEXT111. habitat the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs2. principal the most important ;main3. equivalent equal in amount or value4. thereby consequently ; as a result of5. compound make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems6. velocity the speed of something that is moving in a particular direction7. elaborate very detailed and complicated8. confinement the state of being forced to stay in a closed space9. exceeding to an extreme degree or extent10. incidence the relative frequency of occurrence of somethingTEXT121. irrelevant having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue2. leak an escape of gas or liquid through a hole in something3. annually yearly4. seizure a sudden condition in which someone cannot control the movements of their body ,which continues for a short time5. penetrate pass into or through6. conservatively deliberately lower than what the real amount probably is7. precaution something that is done in advance in order to prevent problems or to avoid danger8. albeit even though ; although9. fatal bringing death10. inhale draw deep into the lungs in by breathing TEXT131. downplay understate the quality of something2. dairy connected with the production of milk3. erratic irregular or uneven in movement , quality or behavior ; unreliable4. obesity a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for their health5. portion one part of something6. seal secure against leakage7. mitigate make less unpleasant , serious or painful8. oblivious not aware of what is happening around9. contamination the state of being polluted10. minuscule extremely smallTEXT141. devastating badly damaging or destroying something2. susceptible weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally3. vicinity the area near or surrounding a particular place4. nausea a stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit5. toxic poisonous6. inhibit prevent something from growing or developing well7. decay become less powerful and lose influence8. chronic lasting for a long time9. approximately roughly ,not accurate10. emit produce and discharge something especially gasTEXT151. disturbing making you feel worried or upset2. incentive something that encourage somebody to do something ;stimulus3. ailment illness ,especially a slight one4. ethical of morals or moral questions5. vocalexpressing strong opinions publicly ,especially about thing that you disagree6. attribution assigning some quality or character to a person or thing 7. neutralize prevent something from having any effect8. subject force something to experience something very unpleasant ,especially over a long time9. underfed not getting adequate food10. exceed go beyond ; overcomeTEXT161. respectively considered individually2. investigation a detailed inquiry or systematic examination3. acknowledge admit the existence , reality , or truth of something4. hazard a chance of being injured or harmed ;danger5. assessment a process in which you make a judgment about a person or situation6. inherent existing as an essential constituent or characteristic7. internal inside something rather than outside8. offspring an animals baby or babies9. ingest take food or other substances into your body10. consume eatTEXT171. merit the quality of being good and deserving praise2. standpoint a way of thinking about people ,situations ,idea , etc.3. notably noticeably4. equivocal of a doubtful or uncertain nature5. conversely in an opposite6. comprise be composed of7. detect discover8. address deal with9. stepwise marked by a gradual progression as if step by step10. immune be able to resist infection ,diseaseTEXT181. literature all the books , articles , etc . on a particular subject2. publication a c