一般将来式.doc

一般将来时一、构成：表示将来时的常见形式 1. be going to动词原形 2. will / shall动词原形 (I /we shall)3. be动词不定式 表示计划,责任,约定或命令4. be about动词不定式 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5. bev. ing结构 6.一般现在时表将来用法详解：1. be going to动词原形结构的用法:(1) 这种结构表示主体现在的意图，即打算在最近或将来要做某事，表示计划，安排要做的事，主语通常指人。eg: A. What are you going to do next Sunday ? B. I am going to do my lessons.(2) 表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展，而不是表示主观的意图。表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事eg. A. Look at these black clouds. It is going to rain. B. Im afraid Im going to have a bad cold.2. will / shall动词原形结构的用法:这种结构是表示将来的动作或状态。常伴有表示将来的时间状语。shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称 ，但在现代英语中will可以通用于各种人称。在问句中shall常用于第一人称表示建议或征求对方意见。 1.will与shallv1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要,会”She will go to the park tomorrow.2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。Tom will be 18 next year.Spring will come again.Tomorrow will be Sunday.3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。- My car wont start.-Dont worry, I will come and give it a push. 祈使句+ and/or+将来时（will）努力工作否则你就会失败。Work hard or you will fail.努力工作你就会成功。Work hard and you will succeed. “be going to” 与 “will”的用法比较(1) be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语，后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。A. Therell (is going to) be a football match in our school next week .B. The American basketball team will arrive in Beijing tomorrow . (2) be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。 will (am going to)climb the hill tomorrow . 我将于明天去登山。注：一般来说，“意图”是事先经过考虑的，用be going to表示；反之则用will。will还多用于对话中，即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。 Please bring me a cup of tea. Ill do it in a minute.(3) be going to常含有“即将”之意；而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”，或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。A. Were going to visit the factory.B. Hell write a book one day. C. The house will break down . (4) 表示预测：“be going to”表示有发生某事的迹象；will则表示说话者认为或相信要发生某事。A. Its very dark and cold . Its going to snow. B. Im sure hell be back in an hour. (5) 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时，常用will。A. Will you lend me the book? B. Will you go there with us?(6) be going to可用于条件句，表示将来的时间，will一般不能。If you are going to watch TV this evening, youd better finish your homework now. 注：如果不是表示将来的时间，而是表示“意愿、坚持、推论”等，will也可用于条件句。A. If you will learn English, Ill help you. B. If you will kindly wait a moment, Ill ask him to go there with you.练习：1. Can I speak to Jim, please?Just a minute. I _ get him.2. The agreement _ come into force next year.3. Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor.4. Next year, he _ be thirty years old.5. How _ you _ spend your holiday?6. Ive decided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What colour _ you _ paint it?7. The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you.1-4: will; 5-6: are going to; 7: will3. be动词不定式结构的用法：这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late.The president is to speak on TV tonight.We are to meet at the zoo. The football match is not to be played today. 4. be about动词不定式结构的用法: 表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”。 A. The meeting is about to begin. B. Summer harvest is about to start. (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) The English Evening Party is about to begin.was /were about to do when 正要突然发生I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要出去,这时下起了雨。5. bev. ing结构的用法：这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，用进行时形式表示将来的时间，但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如：go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return, stay, fly, land, take off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。 Where are you going this Saturday? Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. Were leaving for Qingdao tomorrow. 6. 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法:(1) 由“if , when , as soon as , until , till , after , before, once, unless, even if, in case”等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，若主句为将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。 If you use your head, youll have a good idea.Ill give the book to him as soon as he returns.(2) 表示预定的行为;根据日历或长期的日程表一定会发生的将来。表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律)The train leaves at 9:30am.School starts on September 1.常用于转移动词，如：begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close The evening class begins at 19:00. The train starts at two.be going to & will/shall do:be going to do指当前的、已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will/shall do表示未事先思考或未计划的意图；be