寒假专题——Phonetics.doc

年 级六年级学 科英语版 本山东教育版内容标题Phonetics & Grammar编稿老师王鲁豫【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：Phonetics & Grammar（一）语音归纳 （二）语法知识二、知识总结与归纳（一）语音归纳 Phonetics 1. 元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音2. 元音字母与元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音3. 辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音（二）语法知识 Grammar一）代词 (pron.)第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数第三人称单数第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词我你 / 你们他她它我们他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我的你的/ 你们的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir【典型例题】选词填空：1. Whats _ name? (you / your ) _ name is Bob. ( My / I / me)2. _ erasers are in _drawer. (her / she / Her / She) 3. _ brother can speak Japanese. (Hes / His / He )4. _ is a cat. _ name is Mimi. ( it / its / It / Its )5. _ cant see _baseball. Its behind _.( My / I / me / my ) 6. Please take _ keys to school. _ are on the table. ( they / their / them / They / Their / Them )7. Can you help _?( we / us / our) Please take _ to school. ( they / their / them) 8. _ favorite vegetable is tomato. (her / she / Her / She)二）名词 （n.）前面可用many（许多）、a lot of/lots of（许多）、some（一些）、a few （一点）名词所有格：(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bags不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes并列名词中，如果把 s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和麦克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加s，如: Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China【典型例题】一、写出下列单词的复数形式baby _ potato _ knife _ photo _ Chinese _ hamburger _ case _ key _ watch _ name _ strawberry _ tomato _ dollar _ orange _ boy _ 二、改错1. He has many ice cream for breakfast._2. The girl has two broccoli for lunch. _3. I need some salads. _4. We can see much clothes in the store. _5. Does she have three cousin? _三）冠词 (art.)1) 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an 元音开头的可数名词前用an （2）定冠词：the the egg the plane2) 用法:定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.（4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.（5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况：（1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.（6）球类、棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.（8）在表称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus【典型例题】填空：（在有必要的地方填上冠词，不用填的划 “/ ”）Whats this? Its _ clock.Whats that? Its _ alarm clock.What is it? Its _ “w”.What color is the jacket? Its _ orange. Its _ orange jacket.Jims mother is _ Mrs Green. She is _ teacher.Those pens are in _ pencil case.Heres _ interesting family photo.This is _ my English book.Where is _ bag? Its under _ table.Take _ things to _ your brother.Do you have _ ping pong bat? Yes, I do.Does Bill like _hamburgers? No, he doesnt.四）动词和时态（v.）一般现在时be 动词的一般现在时be动词要根据句中主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is , areI am a teacher.My brother is at school.Lucy and Lily are in Class One, Grade Two.You are a good boy.实义动词的一般现在时一个动作经常反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数(he, she , it, Tom等)作主语，谓语动词要加 “s” 或 “es”。I like hamburgers. He has salad for lunch.附：动词第三人称单数的构成规则1）一般情况下加s：getgets likelikes 2) 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es: watchwatches gogoes dodoes3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，再加es carrycarries特殊： have-has情态动词can情态动词(can, may, must )后的动词用原形。如：I can play the guitar. Can you bring the things to school?几个动词的特殊用法： let后用动词原形 Lets play soccer. like后动词用ing形式， 如like playing basketball want加 to do help +人+动词原形 help+人+with sth. /doing sth.【典型例题】一、用be的适当形式填空。1. _ a student2. _ your father a worker? Yes, he _ 3. They _ in the classroom4. This _ an apple 5. Where _ my books 6. We _friends.7. You _ a good student.8. These _her peas.9. How much _the T-shirt?10. How much _ the socks?二、完成句子。1. I _ (know) the boy.2. My grandfather _(play) sports in the park.3. He usually _(comes) to school early.4. I often _(have) rice, meat and vegetables.5. _ you _( have) a soccer ball?6. My mother wants_(buy) a sweater.7. Bob likes _(watch) TV.8. Lets_( sing) an English song.五）句型结构肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+ 主语+can+动词原形+ 主语+行为动词原形（行为动词三单形式）+否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+ 主语+cant+动词原形+ 主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形+一般疑问句及答语：be(am/is/are)+主语+？ Yes,+主语+ be No,+主语+be not.Can+主语+动词原形+？Yes,主语+can No,主语+cantDo/Does+主语+动词原形+？Yes,主语+do/does No,主语+dont/doesnt特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+？疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+？疑问句+do(does)+主语+动词原形+？ 疑问词：who/ how/ how old/ how much/ where/ when/ why/ what【典型例题】将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答1. My names Bob. 2. Im his uncle.3. Our shirts are too long. 4. My friend has some notebooks.5. Lucy and Lily like sports. 6. Jerrys teacher can play chess. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）*一、用代词完成句子：1. A: Whats this / that ? B: _ is a dresser. A: How do you spell _ , please ? B: D-R-E-S-S-E-R.2. A: What are these / those ? B: _ are tomatoes. 3. A: Does Cindy like salad? B: No, _doesnt.4. A: How much are his shoes? B: _ are 100 dollars. 5. A: Is Alan your friend? B: Yes, _ is.6. A: Do you have a soccer ball? B: Yes, _ do.7. A: Who is that girl? B: _ is Jacks sister.8. This is David and this is Tim. _ are our friends. They often help _.9. Those are strawberries. Sally likes _.10. The pants are nice. Ill take _. *二、将下列句子变成复数形式1. This is a bus .2. She has a nice dress.3. The boy has a watch .4. You are a Chinese.5. The running star likes to eat healthy food.*三、冠词填空1. Lets play _ soccer. 2. I dont have _ soccer ball. 3. Well, lets play _ drums. 4. That sounds _interesting idea.5. How much are _ two hats? They are 10 dollars.*四、用动词的适当形式填空。1. _(be) you twelve? 2. She _(like) fish, but she _ ( not like ) meat . 3. Lets _(watch) TV.4. _your mother _(have) a baseball bat?5._Jim and Tom _(like) hamburgers?6. Where _(be) the two volleyballs?7. That _ (be ) his family photo. 五、划出每句中正确的词：1、(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2、(Where/What)are your baseball?3、(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 4、I (dont/doesnt)like hamburgers.5、(Is/Can)she play the violin? 6、How much (are/is) her socks?*六、划线提问：1. Peter is 12 years old. 2. This is an English book.3. The backpacks are black.4. They are fine.5. They have vegetables for lunch. 6. His shoes are under the table.7. Her basketball is 5 dollars. *七、根据答语或问句，补全对话：1. A:B: His phone number is 3435871.2. A: Whats twelve and three?B: 3. A:B: Her family name is Brown. 4. A:B: My first name is Lisa. 5. A:B: The watches are in the drawer.6. A:B: No, Bobs shorts arent in the dresser.7. A:B: The white hat is fifty yuan.*八、翻译句子1. 我的朋友的名字是林涛。2. 她的数学书在哪儿？3. 他们的书包在书橱里。4. Lily 和Lucy 有一个大房间。5. 我们晚餐吃汉堡、花椰菜、冰淇淋。【试题答案】一、1. It, it 2. They 3. she 4. They 5. he 6. I7. She 8. They, us 9. them 10. them二、1. These are buses. 2. They have nice dresses.3. The boys have watches. 4. You are Chinese.5. Th