职称英语考试技巧------谓语技巧口诀和方法详解.doc

SaunaCeremonial bathing1 has existed for thousands of years and has many forms,one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken，usually in an enclosed room,by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese,Greeks,Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood- burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The body s core temperature usually rises a 1 - 2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating6 a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying feed a cold,starve a 译文：桑拿浴仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。芬兰人完 善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干 热浴。日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这 一形式。用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用 发汗小屋。最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。由于当时还没有掌握烟囱技术，山洞里总是充满着 火焰引起的浓烟。人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出 洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”， 才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。现在，尽管煤油炉和 烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电炉。桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。肌疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。 热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可 以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。在蒸桑拿浴时，人体温度通常会上升1?2度，就像发低 烧一样的感觉。因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。”定期蒸桑拿浴可以在第一时间预防感冒的发生。蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处，它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。在这个过程中，成年人一般每 小时要蒸发2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮肤变得光洁。失水只是暂时性的，人体 机能能够很快补充合适的水量。在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳performance，”says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case ，physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs.动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得 到了锻炼。蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下增加到每分钟100 150下。健康的心脏可以承受这种变化，而那些心脏病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该征求医生的建议。同 样地，老年人和糖尿病患者也应如此。孕妇则不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在怀孕的头三个月。其实， 每个人在刚开始尝试桑拿浴时都应该先是短时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方式。sauna /soinQ/ n.(芬兰式)蒸汽洛，桑拿浴 odor/bucte/n气味，味道 arthritis /aiGraitis/ n.关节炎 inflammation /iinflpmeijsn/ n.炎(症) asthma / aesms/ n.气喷 congestion /kandgestjon/ n.阻塞；拥塞 grime /graim/w污塘；尘塘 cardiovascular /ikaidiauvaeskjub/ adj. 血的diabetes /1daiabiitiiz/ n.糖尿病 ceiremonial bathing:仪式性的沐浴。许多宗教都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。pre-Columbian Americans:哥伦布前的美洲人。Columbian是Columbus的形容词形式，意思 是“哥伦布的” ；pre-是前缀，意思是：在 “前。pre-Columbian Americans，其完整的意思是： 哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人。fire-pk：火槽Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ，says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular strength.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a higher IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive运动的年轻人智商更高 瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。 研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万新兵。这些新兵报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。 研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的只能测试结果之间的联系很明显。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充分的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师Michael Nilsson如是说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。” 通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体健康，智商越高。 “我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院研究员，Aby健康中心医师Maria Aberg说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论学科，体育课是非常有必要的。” 研究人员还将新兵服兵役入伍报到时的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来生活中的 社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁时身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。relaxing and stress relieving:能使人放松并消除压力。alleviate congestion and speed recovery time:减轻胸闷感，力口快康复的速度。imitate：to appear like;resemt)le:像；类似feed a cold,starve a fever:谚1伤风时宜吃,发热时宜饿;伤风不怕吃，热病不怕饿。lb:pound(磅)的壞写形式。cardiovascular system ：心血管系统a work out:做名词用，意为“运动，锻炼”。 sessions:(做某事或进行某活动的）一段时间fever7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body, s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9 gets a work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use