英语四级选词填空技巧与历年真题.doc

1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用：常见名词后缀：-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession-ity，如：quality，diversity常见动词后缀：-ate，如：estimate，generate-en，如：widen，worsen常见形容词后缀：-able，如：stable，affordable-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive-ous，如：unconscious，enormous常见副词后缀：-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：名词：通常来说，冠词（如a，an，the）、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n.”，举例说明：Education soon became a _. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”As the trade winds lessen in _, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之 多。”较难的一个例子：Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，husbands and children now do some of these jobs，这是一个完整的句子，主语husbands and children，谓语动词do，宾语some of these jobs；后面的that引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是a后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方 法，根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些 这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。”动词：动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种：1. 主语后缺谓语动词。举例说明：He _ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里，who_ in pain medicine是physicians的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是who，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而physicians是复数，这就决定了who也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正 确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”2. 当出现“一个完整的句子 + ，_ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关 系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。举例说明：The rainfall is increased across South America, _ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词ing或动词ed，选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看，bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之 间是主动关系，即“the rainfall brings floods”，所以用bringing无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。举例说明：In particular, when older patients _ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when的从句里有主语patients但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were和would都是一般过去时，因此横线里填 一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。形容词：当出现“a/the/the most/more +_+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词举例说明：The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。副词：1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。举例说明：Today, we lake pain _. （07-6）这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。2. 当一句话出现“主语 + _ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。举例说明：In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.主语是students，谓语是outperform，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。记背选词填空选项的重点范围：1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项3. 历年曾经考过的真题2010.6Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewonesthekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe_47_wastefultotearthemalldownand_48_themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe_49_carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest_50_,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand_51_ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings.Youcantdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome_52_,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat_53_overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea_54_numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from_55_oneslikeLincolnsCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp_56_propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vase2010.12Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52 theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment. Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.AabilitiesIextentBachieveJindicatesCappealKproceeds DcomplaintsLpsychologicalEcontributionsMraisedFdisplayedNsmartGessentiallyOstandardHeventually2011.6Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople47tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)48effectontheirbrainsperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,apsychiatrist(心理医生attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidthatolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping49straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is50withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore51iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto52welldoesnotchange,DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.Its53amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom55togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.Thats56frompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountweneedat75.A)alertB)associatedC)attractingD)clingE)continuingF)definitelyG)differentH)efficientlyI)formallyJ)functionK)mixedL)negativeM)sufficientN)tendO)younger2011.12Withtheworldspopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers,businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructureanjobs.Underlyingallthis47_willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina48_,sustainablewayisthecornerstoneofournationsenergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor49_ofthe21stcentury.Alternativeformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolar,tonameafew-are50_beingfundedanddeveloped,andwillplayagrowing51_intheworldsenergysupply.Butexpertssaythat,evenwhen52_,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworldsenergyneedsby2050.Forexample,evenwith53_investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenergydevelopment54_intheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels55_onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.Energyandsustainabilityexpertssaytheanswertoourfutureenergyneedswilllikelycomefromalotof56_-bothtraditionalandalternative.A.stableB.solutions C.significantD.role E.progress F.marvelous G.includedH .growthI.exactlyJ.consistK.compriseL.competitionsMcombinedNchallengesO.certainly2012.6Withtheworldspopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure(基础设施)andjobs.Underlingallthis47w