英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考.doc

1 作家作品连线 1. Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟 The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议）The House of Fame(声誉之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2. William Shakespeare莎士比亚Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King Lear，Macbeth Othello,Winters Tale,The Tempest3. Francis Bacon培根 Of Marriage and Single Life（论婚姻和单身）, Of Studies,Advancement of Learning,New Atlantis,Essays4. John Donne邓恩 (Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人) Song and Sonnets（歌与十四行诗）The Good-Morrow,Break of Day, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）,At the Round Earths Imagined Corners,Below,Death ,Be not Proud,Elegies,On His Mistress,To His Mistress Going to Bed5. John Milton 弥尔顿 Paradise Lost（失乐园）、 Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica,6. Daniel Defoe笛福 The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、Captain Singleton(辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜）7. Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels（格列佛游记） A Tale of a Tub （一只桶的故事）,A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）,The Battle of the Books,The Drapiers Letter,Journal to Stella8. William Blake布莱克 Song of Innocence（天真之歌）, Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches（诗的素描）, The Book of Thel（塞尔书）,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,Visions of the Daughters of Albion,The Song of Los 9. Robert Burns彭斯Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose, Poems、Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,The Tree of Liberty,Scots、Wha Hae，Holy WilliessPrayer.The Twa Dogs,My Hearts in the Highlands,John Anderson,My Jo,10. William Wordsworth华兹华斯I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Lyrical Ballads,Line Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,Ode:Intimations of Immortality,The Solitary Reaper,Lucy Poems,The Prelude,11. Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），Biographia Literia （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集),The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,Christabel,12. Jane Austen简奥斯丁 Pride and Prejudice,Sense and Sensibility(Elinor and Marriane),Mansfield Park,Emma,Northanger Abbey,Persuasion,13. George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦 Hours of Idleness,English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,The Giaour,The Bride of Abydos,The Siege of Corinth,Manfred,Cain,Don Juan,She Walks in Beauty14. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希雪莱 Queen Mab,The Revolt of Islam,Prometheus Unbound,The Cenci,Adonais,England in 1819,Ode to the West Wind,A Defence of Poetry15. John Keats 约翰济慈 Endymion,Isabella,The Eve of Saint Agnes,Hyperion,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale16. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特 Jane Eyre,Villette,Shirley,The Professor,Poems by Currer,Ellis,and Acton Bell17. Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,Oliver Twist,Davis Copperfield,Bleak House,A Tale of Two Cities,The Old Curiosity Shop,Dombey and Son,Great Expectations18. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗尼德 丁尼生 Poems by Two Brothers,The Princess,In Memoriam A.H.H.,Maud,Enoch Arden,Idylls of the King19. Robert Browning罗伯特布朗宁 Paracelsus,Strafford,Pippa Passes,Dramatic Lyrics,Dramatic Romances and Lyrics,Men and Women,Dramatic Personae,The Ring and the Book20. Matthew Arnold马修阿诺德 The Strayed Reveller,Poems,Poems:Second Series,New Poems,Essays in Criticism,Culture and Anarchy,Literature and Dogma21. Tomas Hardy托马斯哈代 Under the Greenwood Tree,A Pair of Blue Eyes,Far From the Madding Crowd,The Return of the Native,Mayor of the Casterbridge,Tess of the DUrbervilles,Jude the Obscure,The Dynasts二、术语解释 1、 Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic.2、 Humanism(人文主义):In the 15th century, It is aphilosophicalandethicalstance that emphasizes the value andagencyofhuman beings, individually and collectively preferscritical thinkingand evidence over established doctrine or faith. Thomas More wrote Utopia.3、 Metaphysical poetry（玄学派）: In the17th century , metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Donne wrote Songs and Sonnets.4、 Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: In the 18th century, the Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers travels.5、 Romanticism（浪漫主义）: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century. Robert Burns wrote A Red ,Red Rose.6、 Sonnet（十四行诗）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. Sonnet 18 is one of important sonnets written by Shakespeare.7、 Conceit(幻想主义）:A unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.8、 .CriticalRealism:It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.三、简答1. 就莎士比亚的一部作品做出解析Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeares humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.The play opens with Hamlets appearing in a mood of world-weariness caused by his fathers death and by his mothers hasty marriage with his uncle, and ends up with the death of major characters.Hamlet is a man free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man, and a firm belief in mans power over destiny. Shakespeare expressed the traditional aspects of themes, such as hesitation, inherited sin and corruption, sons seeking revenge, deception, ambition, madness, loyalty, empty existence.Hamlet is usually regarded as the summit of his art.2. 鲁滨逊漂流记的人物形象和情节Plot: It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely island. He lives on this lonely island and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England. Characteristics Robinson Crusoe who desires adventure never gives in the simple life. He is not a traditional hero or epic adventurer. He is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to describe himself as an ordinary sensible man never as an exceptional hero.3. 在失乐园指撒旦的形象（The Image of Satan）(1)Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem.(2)Satan is the real hero of the poem. He is admired and respected by his fellow-angels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution)(3)Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.4. 培根散文节选段落评价(Characteristics of Bacons Essays)Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and age and many othersThey have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (简短) and force of expression选择了（论读书）Of studies in detail discussed thepurpose and function ofreading,analyzesmany different attitudes towardsreading and introduces the methodsof reading.Baconin this this essay uses theparallelism. This essayisone of theimportant article.Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. 5. 傲慢与偏见的情节(Pride and Prejudice)Elizabeth was born to a family of small landowners four sisters, Jane, Mary, Katie and Lydia. They have a little monotonous quiet life along with the two young guys coming up and it is undeniable and eliminate the waves. Bingley is healthy and progressive and rich Darcy is a good friend, became acquainted with the town lure of this home.Elizabeth is both intelligent and strong-minded woman. Although Darcy and Elizabeth from Pride and Prejudice, respectively, while the other left out, unaware of their true mind, but they really attracted to each other. Finally, in Elizabeths sister after the elopement with Lydia, Darcy save her reputation. They gradually eliminatemisunderstanding between them ,eventually engaged.6.Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3Byrons chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the“Byronic Hero”7.格列佛游记的情节When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned, he washes ashore upon an exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall! Next he visits a land of incredible giants called Brobdingnagians. They are more than sixty feet tall! He travels to Laputa, a city that floats in the sky, and to Glubbdubdrib, the Island of Sorcerers. His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse, the Houyhnhnms.四、诗歌赏析1.水仙花TheDaffodils赏析1.Wordsworth made use of the description in his sisters diary,as well asof his memory of the daffodils in Gowbarrow Park,by Ullswater.Cf.DorothyWordsworths Journal,April 15,1802:I never saw daffodils so beautiful.They grew among the mossy stones .; some rested their heads upon thesestones,as on a pillow for weariness; and the rest tossed and reeled anddanced,and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind,that blew uponthem over the lake; they looked so gay,ever glancing,ever changing.2.They flash upon that inward eye.:Wordsworth said that these werethe two best lines in the poem and that they were composed by his wife.Biography and Assessment:Wordsworth was born in the Lake District of northern England.Thenatural scenery of the English lakes could terrify as well as nurture,asWordsworth would later testify in the line I grew up fostered alike bybeauty and by fear, but its generally benign aspect gave the growing boythe confidence he articulated in one of his first important poems,LinesComposed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey ., namely,that Naturenever did betray the heart that loved her.Wordsworth moved on in 1787 to St.Johns College,Cambridge.Repelled bythe competitive pressures there,he elected to idle his way through theuniversity,persuaded that he was not for that hour,nor for that place.The most important thing he did in his college years was to devote hissummer vacation in 1790 to a long walking tour through revolutionaryFrance.There he was caught up in the passionate enthusiasm that followedthe fall of the Bastille,and became an ardent republican sympathizer.The three or four years that followed his return to England were thedarkest of Wordsworths life.Unprepared for any profession,rootless,virtually penniless,bitterly hostile to his own countrys opposition tothe French,he knocked about London in the company of radicals likeWilliam Godwin and learned to feel a profound sympathy for the abandonedmothers,beggars,children,vagrants,and victims of Englands wars whobegan to march through the sombre poems he began writing at this time.This dark period ended in 1795,when a friends legacy made possibleWordsworths reunion with his beloved sister Dorothy-the two were neveragain to live apart-and their move in 1797 to Alfoxden House,nearBristol.There Wordsworth became friends with a fellow poet,Samuel TaylorColeridge,and they formed a partnership that would change both poetslives and alter the course of English poetry.Through all these years Wordsworth was assailed by vicious and tirelesscritical attacks by contemptuous reviewers; no great poet has ever had toendure worse.But finally,with the publication of The River Duddon in1820,the tide began to turn,and by the mid-1830s his reputation had beenestablished with both critics and the reading public.Wordsworths last years were given over partly to tinkering his poems,as the family called his compulsive and persistent habit of revising hisearlier poems through edition after edition.The Prelude,for instance,went through four distinct manuscript versions (1798-99,1805-06,1818-20,and 1832-39) and was published only after the poets death in 1850.Mostreaders find the earliest versions of The Prelude and other heavilyrevised poems to be the best,but flashes of brilliance can appear inrevisions added when the poet was in his seventies.Wordsworth succeeded his friend Robert Southey as Britains poet laureatein 1843 and held that post until his own death in 1850.Thereafter hisinfluence was felt throughout the rest of the 19th century,though he washonoured more for his smaller poems,as singled out by the Victoriancritic Matthew Arnold,than for his masterpiece,The Prelude.In the 20thcentury his reputation was strengthened both by recognition of hisimportance in the Romantic movement and by an appreciation of the darkerelements in his personality and verse.William Wordsworth was the central figure in the English Romanticrevolution in poetry.His contribution to it was threefold.First,heformulated in his poems and his essays a new attitude toward nature.Thiswas more than a matter of introducing nature imagery into his verse; itamounted to a fresh view of the organic relation between man and thenatural world,and it culminated in metaphors of a wedding between natureand the human mind,and beyond that,in the sweeping metaphor of nature asemblematic of the mind of God,a mind that feeds upon infinity andbroods over the dark abyss. Second,Wordsworth probed deeply into hisown sensibility as he traced,in his finest poem,The Prelude,the growthof a poets mind. The Prelude was in fact the first long autobiographicalpoem.Writing it in a drawn-out process of self-exploration,Wordsworthworked his way toward a modern psychological understanding of his ownnature,and thus more broadly of human nature.Third,Wordsworth placedpoetry at the centre of human experience; in impassioned rhetoric hepronounced poetry to be nothing less than the first and last of allknowledge-it is as immortal as the heart of man, and he then went on tocreate some of the greatest English poetry of his century.It is probablysafe to say that by the late 20th century he stood in critical estimationwhere Coleridge and Arnold had originally placed him,next to JohnMilton-who stands,of course,next to William Shakespeare.Some comments:1.We often go through life as if we were unconscious of what is going onaround us - like clouds.We notice many things some of which are beautifuland some ordinary.But being distracted - not poets,who would naturallynotice and be gay at the sight - we fail to be lifted by the simple butawesome beauty that surrounds us.WW was not being a poet at the time andso he little thought what wealth to him the show had wrought. He wasforced to try to re-experience it from memory - his inward eye - in order tofill his heart with the pleasure he missed when he actually saw the daffodils.To me,the poem serves as a reminder that our happiness is best served if welive our lives as poets and notice the simple beauty that nature gives usdaily.Where ordinary people see flowers,the poet sees stars,dancers,happy celebrations of natures miracles and is pleasured.Live as apoet!2.I always thoughtof the poem as a simple poem of yellow gay springtime.Having reallylooked at the poem something clicked and I have a profound understandingthat I had overlooked -The word DANCE is in every stanza - Dance the cosmic creative energythat transforms space into time,is the rhythm of the universe.Rounddancing,was a dance that imitated the suns course in the heavens andenclosed a sacred space.The round,yellow,golden cups of the daffodilcan easily symbolize the sun,the sacred sun of incorruptibile wisdom,superior and noble.Dancing as the Dance of Siva is the eternal movement of the universe theplay of creatio,or the fluttering fre