初一Unit6讲义1.doc

October, 23th, 2010, Saturday益智学校初一英语承诺班 第6讲I. Words for the weekSun. broccoli 花椰菜 eggplant 茄子 carrot 胡萝卜 tomato(es) 西红柿 potato(es) 土豆onion 洋葱 cabbage 卷心菜 cucumber 黄瓜 vegetable 蔬菜 pepper 青椒 mushroom 蘑菇Do you like broccolis? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does he like carrots? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Mon. salad 沙拉 strawberry 草莓 pineapple 菠萝 fruit 水果 mango(es) 芒果 grapes 葡萄grapefruit 柚子 papaya 木瓜 apricot 杏子 cherry 樱桃 blackberry 黑莓 litchi 荔枝 I dont like eating pineapples. His brother doesnt like mangoes.Tues.beef 牛肉 dumplings 饺子 French fries 薯条 rice 米饭 pork 猪肉 breakfast 早餐dessert 甜点 ice cream 冰激凌 hamburger 汉堡 bread 面包 orange juice 橘汁 Whats for breakfast? Ive got some dumplings. What about you?Wed.dinner 晚餐 lunch 午餐 supper 晚餐 a piece of 一片，一份 a bottle of 一瓶a cup of 一杯 a glass of 一玻璃杯 a slice of 一薄片 a bowl of 一碗 a plate of 一盘 healthy food: Healthy food are rich in vitamins, minerals and protein. Thur. steamed bread 馒头 noodles 面 pie 派 cake 蛋糕 sandwich 三明治 pancake 煎饼spoon 勺子 fork 叉子 chopsticks 筷子 oven 炉子 knife 刀子 placemat 盘垫 make a list of 列单子 Mum made a list of things she wanted to make salad. eat well : I drink what I want and eat well in the party. Fri.would like 想要 getback退还,送回去.取回 give back归还 come back回来 at the back of在的后面 on the way (back)home在回家路上 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give out 分给， 用尽 You shouldnt give up on writing the novels. 你不该放弃写小说。 He gave out all his books. Our petrol gave out on the way. 我们路上没油了。 家长签字: _II. 知识扩展 单词扩展banana n.香蕉【引申】go bananas(美口语)发疯，发狂；banana republic香蕉共和国（指在政治、经济等方面发展缓慢的中美洲小国）。breakfast n.早餐，早点【记忆法】break+fast(旧用法)斋戒后开始进食，所用的第一餐，扩展译为每日的第一餐，即早餐。【考点】at breakfast早餐时，正吃早饭；have breakfast吃早饭【引申】lunch(午餐)；dinner(晚餐)；supper(晚餐)。carrot n.胡萝卜【引申】the stick and the carrot软硬兼施。chicken n.雏鸡；鸡肉【引申】chicken-pox水痘；chickenhearted胆小的。dinner n.正餐，午饭或晚饭【引申】breafast早餐；lunch中餐；dinner-party晚宴；dining-room餐厅，食堂。egg n.蛋，卵【引申】shell蛋壳；white蛋白；yolk蛋黄；egg beater打蛋器；eggcup蛋杯；egg-plant茄子。French n.法语adj.法国的，法国人的fruit n.水果（总称），果实、成果【考点】Apples, oranges and bananas are fruit.苹果、橘子和香蕉是水果。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.马铃薯是蔬菜，不是水果。The old man enjoyed the fruits of his lifes works. 那老人享受他一生工作的成果。ice cream/aiskri:m/n.冰淇淋 like/laik/ v.喜欢，喜爱：Do you like fish?你喜欢鱼吗？想要，比较喜欢，选择，希望：I like people to tell the truth. 我喜欢人讲实话。prep.像【引申】同义词：love, prefer;反义词：detest, dislike.strawberry n. 草莓【记忆法】straw（稻草）berry（浆果）tomato n. 西红柿，蕃茄 【考点】（pl. ）tomatoes。vegetablen. 蔬菜：fresh vegetable新鲜蔬菜 【记忆法】vegetable（桌子）。【引申】pepper胡椒、辣椒；potato马铃薯。重点句型1Katrina eats lots of healthy food. 科莱娜吃许多有营养的食品。lots ofa lot of修饰不可数名词food。a lot of相当于many或much，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，通常只用在肯定句中。在否定句和疑问句中用many和much。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。如：公园里有许多花。_杯子里有许多牛奶。_一天有多少小时？_你要多少茶叶?_2And for dinner, she has chicken, tomatoes, French fries and, for dessert, ice cream. 晚餐她吃鸡肉、西红柿和薯条，甜点是冰淇淋。(1)句中介词for表示“作为，当做”，后面接名词。如：What do you have for breakfast? 你们早餐吃什么？We have bread and milk. 我们吃面包和牛奶。(2)have在此句译为“吃”，如：have breakfast/lunch/supper。(3)以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es，如potatoes(土豆)，tomatoes(西红柿)。无生命的加s，常见的有：zoos(动物园)，photos(照片)，kilos(公斤)，radios(收音机)。(4)and作为并列连词，在此句中连接两个分句，后一分句为使句子简洁省略了前面的she has，即for dessert，she has ice cream。考点总结1like一词的用法及含义归纳(1)用作及物动词。like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。Lucy has a new pen. She likes it very much. 露茜有一支新钢笔，她非常喜欢它。后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Do you like swimming? 你喜欢游泳吗？Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：Would you like to play basketball this afternoon? 今天下午你想打篮球吗？I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。与like有关的短语Would like愿意，想要would like相当于want，但语气比want更为委婉，后可接名词、代词或动词不定式，如：I would like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。Id like to fly a kite. 我想去放风筝。likea lot/very much/a little很/非常/有一点喜欢在这里a lot/very much/a little是表程度，用来修饰动词like。如：Does Li Ping like meat? 李萍喜欢吃肉吗？Yes, she likes it a little. 她有点喜欢。What about fish? 她喜欢吃鱼吗？She likes fish very much/a lot. 她很喜欢吃鱼。与like有关的句型：Would you like? “你想要吗？”“你想吗？”口语中用来表示客气的邀请、请求、征询意见或建议等，比Do you want？更有礼貌，语气更委婉。肯定回答时常说：Yes, please. /Yes, Id like to. 否定回答为：No, thanks. 如：Would you like a cup of tea? 来杯茶好吗？Yes, please. 好的Would you like some apples, too? 你也来几个苹果吗？No, thanks. 不，谢谢。How do you like？你觉得怎么样？用于询问对方对某人、某事、某物的看法，相当于What do you think of ？如： How do you like my new watch? 你觉得我的新手表怎么样？ Its great. 棒极了!What do you like about? 你喜欢的什么呢？用于询问对方对某事(某人)所喜欢的内容。如：What do you like about China? 你喜欢中国的什么呢？The people and the food. (中国的)人民，还有食物。2. breakfast, lunch和supper这三个词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。一般说来，指抽象概念时，在固定词组中为不可数。如：have breakfast/lunch/supper(吃早餐/中餐/晚餐)；指某次具体的饭时，为可数。如：have a quick breakfast(吃一顿简便的早餐)，a light lunch(一顿清淡的中餐)等。早、中、晚饭三餐前面不加冠词。Meal指一顿饭，可以加冠词。如：We have three meals a day. 我们一天吃三顿饭。They have their evening meal at about seven oclock. 他们大约七点吃晚饭。3. like和lovelike和love都有“喜欢，喜爱”之意，但含义有所不同。(1)like“喜欢”，用作及物动词，后面接名词、代词或不定式。指喜欢、不厌恶某人或某物，但没有深刻的爱意及迫切的意愿。如：He is a very clever boy; so everyone likes him. 他是一个非常聪明的男孩，大家都喜欢他。I like tea better than milk. 我喜欢茶甚于牛奶。(2)love“热爱，喜欢”。用作及物动词，后面接名词、代词或不定式。指火热的爱意，感情比like深刻；它也可指在生活中对某事物或活动的喜爱。如：We love our Party and our people. 我们热爱党和人民。He love to hear me sing. 他爱听我唱歌。语法重点1一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如：句式结构例句肯定句主语行为动词原形其他We speak Chinese.否定句主语dont行为动词原形其他We dont speak Chinese.一般疑问句Do主语行为动词原形其他？Do you speak Chinese?肯定回答否定回答Yes，主语doNo，主语dontYes, we do.No, we dont.如：We have classes from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上课。Do you often write to your friends? 你经常给你的朋友们写信吗？Yes, I do. /No, I dont. 是的，我经常写。/不，我不经常写。当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下：肯定句在行为动词原形后s/es(其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同，见141页工具箱)。否定句用助动词doesnt动词原形。一般疑问句则是把助动词does放在句首，后面动词用原形，回答时，肯定用“Yes，主语does.”；否定用“No，主语doesnt.”。下面以为例：She works hard. 她工作努力。She doesnt work hard. 她工作不努力。Does she work hard? 她工作努力吗？Yes, she does. 是的，她工作努力。No, she doesnt. 不，她工作不努力。2可数名词与不可数名词英语中的名词可分为可数名词与不可数名词。凡是可以计数的名词叫可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来衡量，称为不可数名词。可数名词有复数形式，可与不定冠词a或an数词连用；不可数名词没有复数形式，它不能与不定冠词或连用来表示量。如food，meat，bread，tea，water，milk，ink，orange(橘汁)，drink(饮料)，rice，fish等。常用的可数名词如下：a. 人、动物或植物等，如friend，cat，rose。b. 有形状的具体事物，如ball，car，book。c. 度量单位，如hour，kilo，meter。d. 不可数名词的各个部分，如part，piece。e. 一些抽象名词，如idea。常用的不可数名词包括以下名词。a. 固体的物质或原料，如bread，rice。b. 液体、气体等，如water，tea，air。c. 语言，如English，Chinese。d. 一些抽象事物，如money，peace。 有许多名词在汉语中是可数名词，在英语中却是不可数名词。如：chalk粉笔；bread面包；rice米；paper纸不可数名词表示“一个”概念时，要用短语，如：a cup of tea a glass of milka bottle of orange a piece of bread不可数名词表达复数意义时应用下?蟹绞剑?two cups of tea; three bottles of drink; four pieces of meatmany, much只可以分别修饰可数与不可数名词。How many主要用于对可数名词的数量提问，how much主要用于对不可数名词的数量提问。如：How many bottles of orange do you want? 你想要多少瓶橘子汁？How much tea do you want? 你想要多少茶？a lot of, lots of, some, any即可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。a lot of, lots of, much, some, any修饰不可数名词，后面的名词不变。a lot of, lots of, many, some, any修饰可数名词，后面的名词是复数。口语练习英语中表示“喜好”和“厌恶”的常用语有：I like/love(very much).我非常喜欢I like/love to do something.我喜欢做某事。I like doing something.我喜欢做某事。I likea little. 我有点喜欢She likesa lot. 她很喜欢I dont like (to) 我不喜欢I dont likeat all. 我一点也不喜欢Do you like? 你喜欢吗？No. I/we dont. 不，我/我们不喜欢。What do you like? 你喜欢什么？如：I like them very much. 我非常喜欢它们。Children love to play this game. 孩子们通常喜欢玩这种游戏。He likes working in China very much. 他非常喜欢在中国工作。I like noodles a little. 我有点喜欢面条。I dont like potatoes. 我不喜欢吃土豆。He doesnt like rice at all. 他一点也不喜欢吃米饭。III. 基础训练一、根据句意和首字母完成单词 1I have hamburgers for b_. 2. Here are some tomatoes. Do you like t _?3. I like French f _.4. I have an ice c_.5. Children should (应当) eat lots of v_.6. What do you have for d_?7. Zhou Jielun is a singing(唱歌) s_.8. She eats h_ food every day.9. How m_ apples do you have?10. Eggs and apples are f .二、英汉互译 1. 吃晚饭 _ 2. 每天 _3. 跑步明星_4. 大量_ 5. a list of food _ 6. a running star _healthy food _8. for dinner_9. ice cream _10. three tomatoes _三写出下列名词的复数形式. 1. key _ 2. watch _ 3. family _ 4. Strawberry _ 5. tomato _ 6. photo _ 7. orange _ 8. boy _9. video_ 10. dictionary _ 11. pear _ 12. fruit _四、按要求写单词。1. he _ (宾格)2. tomato _ (复数)3. child _(复数)4. do _ (三单）5. like _ (三单)6. family _ (复数)7. them _ (主格)8. she _ (物主代词)9. we _ (物主代词)五、单项选择 ( )1. _ you like ice cream? A. Are B. Am C. Does D. Do( )2. _ play table tennis. A. Let B. Lets C. Lets D. Its( )3. -_ does your father have_ lunch? -Chicken and tomatoes. A. What; for B. What; / C. How; for D. How; /( )4. Oranges are a kind of _. A. vegetables B. vegetable C. fruits D. fruit( )5. What _ Tom like _ for breakfast? A. does; eat B. is; eat C. does; to eat D. is; to eat( )6. Do you like ice cream for _ dessert? A. a B. the C. / D. an( )7. Does your friend like salad? - _. A. Yes, she like. B. No, she does. C. Yes, she doesnt D. No, she doesnt.( )8. I have a cat. It likes fish. It eats _ every day. A. a lot B. many C. Lots of D. much( )9. Does your English teacher sing very _ ? -Yes, She does. A. good B. nice C. great D. well( )10. Lets _ baseball. -OK. Lets _. A. play; go B. plays; go C. play; to go D. play; goes( )11. I dont like . A. egg B. tomato C. broccoli D. banana( )12. Some food on the table . A. are B. is C. am D. be( )13. Do Tom and his brother bananas ? A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like ( )14. This is apple . A. a B. an C. the D. /( )15. He has egg and hamburger . A. an ; an B. a ; a C. an ; a D. a ; an ( )16. Do you have good friends at school ? A. some B. a C. any D. an( )17. Please give(给) me some . A. apple B. banana C. fruit D. peas ( )18. He apples . A. likes B. liking C. liked D. like( )19. We need food every day . A. a lot B. many C. lots of D. lot of( )20. -Do you like salad ? - . A. Yes, I like . B. No , I dont. C. Yes , I not. D. No , I do .六、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Do you like bananas? -No, I dont like _ (it) at all. 2. Peter likes _ (play) basketball.3. His mother _ (not) like French fries.4. I like strawberry ice cream, but I dont like _. (strawberry)5. They like _ (eat) hamburgers and carrots for lunch.6. Do you like_ (potato)？7. He likes_ (broccoli) . 8. She likes _ (vegetable), but she doesnt like_ (fruit).9. I like to eat_ (health) food . 10. Does your brother_ (like) chicken . 七、按要求改写句子 Linda and Tom like French fries. （改成否定句）They _ _ French fries.Does Tom like eggs for breakfast? （作否定回答）_, _ _.She doesnt have lunch. （变肯定句）She _ lunch.My teacher plays basketball. （改一般疑问句）_ your teacher _ basketball?We play volleyball. （变成由Let开头的祈使句）_ _ volleyball.I like broccoli .(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)八、翻译下列句子。1.桌上有许多苹果。 2.你喜欢足球吗？_3.她每天都做运动。_4.这些袜子多少钱？ 5.给你。_6.我有一个好朋友。他的叔叔是一个教师。_7.你能相信它吗？ 8.你想要什么颜色的？_9.她喜欢鸡蛋、香蕉和苹果做早餐。10.这些是我的朋友。_11.这个男孩是你的弟弟吗？ 12.这是吉姆的一张家庭照。_13.我的背包在椅子下。 14.那些书在哪里？_【江西省】请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从方框中所给的词中选出最恰当的10个，用其适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卷的相应位置。每个词限用一次。（每小题1分）叙事angry well song hope also relaxthink tired clean when finger medicineI am a doctor. People often come to see me because they have colds or coughs. People 56 come to see me because they are sad or nervous. Sometimes 57 helps. Sometimes talking helps. But many doctors 58 that music can help people feel better. I asked a few of my patients(病人) how music helps them.“Sometimes I was 59 when I was a child. My family said, Play your feelings on the piano! Sometimes I play a loud 60 on the piano. Soon I feel calm(平静的). I can laugh and cry through my 61 on the piano. Its natural for me. Its like breathing(呼吸).”“Listening to music helps me feel 62 . I like to listen to music and dance when I 63 my house.”“I play the violin. I like playing at night 64 it is quiet. After playing I am tired and I am happy. I always sleep 65 after playing my violin.”Are you a musician? Good! Keep playing. If you are not a musician, listen to music and sing or dance. Its good medicine.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。 April 27 is a special day in Britain. Its called Take Our Daughters to Work Day. It was _36_ to Britain in 1994 from America. On that day thousands of girls take a day _37_ school and go with one of their parents to their work places. By doing this, it can _38_ girls more about the society where they live. Now the girls can have a close look at _39_ their parents are doing. This may help them to be calmer when they have to choose a _40_. Mary experienced a day of work at her mothers office. This helped her _41_ her mothers work better. She said that this made her feel more confident about her future. Schools and many companies _42_ the activity, too. Some schools _43_ make the day a necessary part of school life.Experts think that girls with more self-confidence are more likely to be _44_ than common girls. _45_ parents can set good examples both at work and at home for them, they will do better than others. Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.36. A. sent B. given C. broughtD. taken37. A. off B. at C. away D. of38. A. talk B. keep C. teach D. make39. A. which B. what C. that D. whom40. A. place B. school C. friend D. job41. A. thank B. understand C. praise D. remember42. A. hold B. refuse C. choose D. support43. A. just B. never C. even D. ever44. A. successful B. polite C. friendly D. knowledgeable45. A. Because B. If C. While D. Though “Tom? Are you in bed yet?” called Mrs. White. There was no answer. Mrs. White put down her book and went to her 14-year-old sons room. Tom was sitting in front of a bright computer sc