2010年高考英语重难点总结

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/3282010年高考英语重难点总结高一重难点总结UNIT1GOODFRIENDS一、语法DIRECTANDINDIRECTSPEECH1直接引语和间接引语1直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。EG“IBROKEYOURCDPLAYER“一般过去时改成过去完成时HETOLDMEHEHADBROKENMYCDPLAYERJENNYSAID,“IHAVELOSTABOOK“现在完成时改成过去完成时JENNYSAIDSHEHADLOSTABOOKMUMSAID,“ILLGOTOSEEAFRIEND“一般将来时改成过去将来时MUMSAIDSHEWOULDGOTOSEEAFRIENDHESAID,“WEHADNTFINISHEDOURHOMEWORK“过去完成时保留原有的时态HESAIDTHEYHADNTFINISHEDTHEIRHOMEWORK注意直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。2在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/328的人称变化。如MARYSAID,“MYBROTHERISANENGINEER“MARYSAIDHERBROTHERWASANDENGINEER3直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由WHETHER或IF引导的宾语从句。如HESAID,“CANYOURUN,MIKE“HEASKEDMIKEWHETHER/IFHECOULDRUN4直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“TELLASK,ORDER,BEG等SBNOTTODOSTH”句型。如“PASSMETHEWATER,PLEASE“SAIDHEHEASKEDHIMTOPASSHERTHEWATER5直接引语如果是以“LETS”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“SUGGEST动名词或从句”的结构。如SHESAID,“LETSGOTOTHECINEMA“SHESUGGESTEDGOINGTOTHECINEMA或SHESUGGESTEDTHATTHEYSHOULDGOTOTHECINEMA二、聚焦高频考点1倒装句型前句为肯定句，后句用SO谓语主语，意为“某人也”。如SHELIKESDOGSSODOI前句为否定句，后句用NEITHER/NOR谓语主语，意为“某人也不”。如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/328THEGIRLHASNOBROTHERSORSISTERSNEITHER/NORHAVEI2LONELY,ALONE和LONEALONEBYONESELF,WITHOUTOTHERSLONELYUNHAPPYBECAUSEONEISALWAYSAWAYFROMHISFAMILYORFRIENDS，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。LONE也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。EGIMALONEBUTIMNOTLONELYICANSEEONLYONELONESTARINTHECLOUDYSKYLEAVESTHALONE表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如LEAVEMEALONE别理我LETALONE“更不用说”。如HECANTSPEAKJAPANESE,LETALONEWRITEIT作形容词时，ALONE不能与VERY连用,而与MUCH连用，即说MUCHALONE或VERYMUCHALONE或ALLALONE；而LONELY可与VERY连用VERYLONELY3TREATSBAS把某人当作来对待THEOLDMANTREATEDTHEORPHANASHISOWNSON“把某人看作”有以下几种说法REGARDSBASCONSIDERSBASTHINKOFSBAS“把误当作”TAKEFOR如PEOPLESOMETIMESTAKEAROPEFORASNAKE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/3284CAREABOUT表示“关心，计较，在乎”，一般用于否定句。如IDONTCAREABOUTGOINGTOTHECINEMACAREFOR表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如SHECAREDMOREFORNEWCLOTHESTHANFORANYTHINGELSE5MAKEFRIENDSWITHSB和人交朋友。如WEHAVEMADEALOTOFFRIENDSWITHTHEDIFFERENTPEOPLEALLOVERTHEWORLD6HUNTFOR“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，LOOKFOR与SEARCHFOR或HUNTFOR互换。如IHUNTEDFORTHEMISSINGBOOKEVERYWHEREBEAFTER表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如THATSWHATIAMAFTER7SUCHAS用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与LIKE互换，但SUCHAS用于列举时可分开使用。而FOREXAMPLE一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。MYBROTHERLIKESCOLLECTINGDIFFERENTKINDSOFTHINGS,SUCHASCOINS,BOOKS三、常用词语和句型1BEINTOSTH对感兴趣，非常喜欢非正式英语精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/328EGIMNOTINTOCLASSICALMUSIC2BEFONDOF酷爱，非常喜欢，与ENJOY相近，比LIKE感情强。EGINHISLIFE,HEISFONDOFENGLISH3BORING主语为物，如THEBOOKISBORINGBORED主语为人，如HEISBORED4SURVIVE幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。HESURVIVEDTHETRAFFICACCIDENTONLYTHREEHUNDREDHOUSESSURVIVEDTHEEARTHQUAKEINTHATCITYSURVIVE作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。THECUSTOMSTILLSURVIVESINTHATSMALLVILLAGE四、日常交际用语HITHEREIMJOEIENJOYSINGINGIHATEHIKINGANDIMNOTINTOCLASSICALMUSICIMFONDOFDANCINGIMNOTSURETHATPERHAPSHE/SHETHINKSTHATISBORING/TERRIBLE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/328UNIT2ENGLISHAROUNDTHEWORLD一、语法DIRECTANDINDIRECTSPEECH2不定式在间接引语中的运用祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ASK/TELL/ORDER等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用TELL/ORDER若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词NOT,即TELL/ORDERSBNOTTODOSTH如“DONTSMOKEINTHEROOM,“HESAIDHETOLDMENOTTOSMOKEINTHEROOM若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用ASK，如“PLEASEGIVETHEBIRDCLEANWATEREVERYDAY“MYFRIENDSAIDMYFRIENDASKEDMETOGIVETHEBIRDCLEANWATEREVERYDAY“COULDYOUHELPMEWITHMYHOMEWORK“SHESAIDSHEASKEDMETOHELPHERWITHHERHOMEWORK当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词不定式，在句中作宾语。如“WHENSHALLWESTART“HEASKEDHEWANTEDTOKNOWWHENTOSTART二、聚焦高频考点精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/3281AGREAT/GOODMANY可数名词的复数形式，如THEREAREAGREATMANYINDIANWORDSINAMERICANENGLISHANUMBEROF可数名词的复数形式，如ANUMBEROFTEACHERSANDSTUDENTSTAKEANACTIVEPARTINTHEMATCHTHENUMBEROF中的NUMBER指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如THENUMBEROFTHEDOCTORANDMASTERSINTHISPRIMARYSCHOOLISONLY202EXCEPTFOR,EXCEPT,BESIDES,BUT,BUTFOR用法区别EXCEPTFOR用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。EGTHEESSAYISGENERALLYGOODEXCEPTFORSOMESPELLINGMISTAKESBUTFORWITHOUT表示“要不是”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如BUTFORTHEPARTY,WEWOULDNEVERGETAGOODLIFEEXCEPT和BESIDES用于肯定句时，EXCEPT表示“除之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；BESIDES表示“除之外（还有）”强调还包括的部分。如WEALLWENTHIKINGEXCEPTJACKJACK不去WEALLWENTHIKINGBESIDESJACKJACK也去精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/328EXCEPT,BESIDES,BUT用于否定句时可互换，如NOBODYCOULDGETTHECERTIFICATIONEXCEPT/BESIDES/BUTYOU谓语是DO时，EXCEPT/BUT后的不定式省去TO如HEDIDNOTHINGBUT/EXCEPTSTAYATHOMEALLDAYBUT前没有DO时，BUT后不定式要带TO，如WEHAVENOCHOICEBUTTOWAIT3定语从句中关系代词只能用THAT的情况1先行词是ALL,FEW,LITTLE,MUCH,SOMETHING,NOTHING,ANYTHING等。如THATISALLTHATIWANTTOTELLYOU2先行词被ALL,FEW,ANY,EVERY,LITTLE,NO,SOME修饰时。如IHAVEFINISHEDEVERYBOOKTHATMYTEACHERLENTME3被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如THESECONDLESSONTHATSHELEARNEDWILLNEVERBEFORGOTTEN4先行词被ONLY,THEVERY,THESAME,THELAST修饰时，如HEISTHEONLYONETHATIWANTTOSEE5先行词既有人又有物时，如WEWERETALKINGOFTHINGSANDPERSONSTHATWEREMEMBEREDINTHELIBERATEDAREA4AS作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，AS可作主语，精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/328表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如ASWEALLKNOW,ENGLISHISSPOKENALLAROUNDTHEWORLDAS作宾语ASISKNOWNTOALL,THEREISNOGHOSTINTHEWORLDAS作主语5助动词DO使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如INTHESAMEWAYAMERICANSUSETHEEXPRESSION“IGUESS“JUSTASTHEBRITISHDID这里的DID替代前面的USEDTHEEXPRESSION“IGUESS”30YEARSAGO6主语HAVENO,LITTLE,SOME,MUCH,GREAT,DIFFICULTY/TROUBLEINDOINGSTH做某事有困难/麻烦。如IHAVENODIFFICULTYINGETTINGAJOB三、常用词语和句型1MOREORLESS多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分EGIHOPEHECANGIVEYOUMOREORLESSHELPTHECHILDISMOREORLESSTIRED2MEANMEANT,MEANT意味；打算；意欲IMSORRY,IDIDNTMEANTO我不是故意的MEANTODO打算做HEMEANTTOHAVELUNCHHERE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/328MEANSBTODO打算做IMEANYOUTOHAVEDINNERWITHMETONIGHTMEANDOINGSTH打算做TOHIM,DOINGNOTHINGMEANSGIVINGUP3COMMUNICATEWITHSB与人沟通，通信。MYFRIENDOFTENCOMMUNICATESWITHAFOREIGNERBYLETTERCOMMUNICATESTHTOSB把通知/告诉某人ILIKECOMMUNICATINGMYPLANSTOHIM4KNOWLEDGE知识；认知；消息；KNOWLEDGEOF“了解”MYKNOWLEDGEOFJAPANESEISSOPOORMYCOUSINHASAGOODKNOWLEDGEOFPHYSICS5ALLAROUNDTHEWORLDALLOVER/THROUGHOUTTHEWORLD四、日常交际用语CANYOUSPELLTHAT,PLEASEIBEGYOURPARDONCOULDYOUREPEAT,PLEASEHOWDOYOUSAYINENGLISHWHATDOYOUMEANBYHOWDOYOUPRONOUNCECOULDYOUSPEAKABITSLOWLY,PLEASEWHATDOESMENAUNIT3GOINGPLACES精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/328一、语法THEPRESENTCONTINUOUSTENSEFORFUTUREACTIONS1现在进行时表示一般现在时现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，为了表示一种情感EGHEISALWAYSHELPINGOTHERS表示赞许的情感SHEISALWAYSLYINGTOME表示不满的情感或是为了强调情况的暂时性。EGIMWALKINGTOSCHOOLBECAUSEMYBIKEISBROKENFORTHESETHREEDAYS,WEARESTARTINGAT8002现在进行时可用来表示将来时,现在进行时表示将来时，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。特别是一些表示“移动性”的动词，如GO,COME,ARRIVE,LEAVE,START,FLY,GET等，常用进行时表示将来时。如MYMOTHERISLEAVINGFORCANADATOMORROWHOWLONGAREYOUSTAYINGINGUANGZHOU二、聚焦高频考点1CONSIDERDOINGSTHTHINKOFDOINGSTH“考虑做某事”，如IMCONSIDERINGGOINGABROADFORFURTHERSTUDY精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/328CONSIDERCAREFULLYBEFORETAKINGACTION三思而后行CONSIDERAS,REGARDAS,TREATAS都含“认为是”意思。CONSIDER侧重“经过考虑而认为”，表示“一种比较客观的看法”,如CONSIDERWHATHESAIDASREASONABLE我认为他说的有道理。REGARD指“把认为”,“把看作”，表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”，如HEWASREGARDEDASTHEFOREMOSTAUTHORITYONCHEMISTRY他被认为是化学最高权威。TREAT表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”，重在行动，而不在认识，如THEYWILLNOTBETREATEDASENEMIES他们不会被当做敌人对待。2MEANSWAY，方式，方法。BYMEANSOF通过；用；借助于，强调方式，方法。如NOWADAYSTHEINTERNETISANIMPORTANTMEANSOFCOMMUNICATION今天网络是信息交流的重要工具。THELOCALARMYMENHELPEDTHEVICTIMSOFTHEEARTHQUAKEBYEVERYMEANSATTHEIRCOMMAND精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/328当地的军人用一切可能办法帮助地震灾民。HECLIMBEDTHETREEBYMEANSOFALADDER他用梯子爬上了树。常用短语BYALLMEANS一定；务必BYANYMEANS用一切可能的方法或手段BYNOMEANS决不，一点也不BYTHISMEANS用这种方法3EQUIPMENT装备；设备；必需品OFFICEEQUIPMENT办公室设备OURSCHOOLHASBEENGIVENSOMENEWEQUIPMENT我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。AGOODSLEEPINGBAGISANESSENTIALPARTOFEVERYCAMPERSEQUIPMENT一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。4ONONEHAND一方面；ONTHEOTHERHAND另一方面,如IWANTTOGOTOTHEPARTY,BUTONTHEOTHERHANDIOUGHTTOBESTUDYING我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。5GETAWAYFROM从逃离，脱离，离开。如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/328HEHOPEDHECOULDGETAWAYFROMTHEMEETINGGETAWAYWITH不可用被动语态潜逃，逍遥法外。DONTEXPECTYOUCANGETAWAYWITHTHEACCIDENT6PREFER与TO搭配，表示“LIKESTHBETTERTHANSTH”如IPREFERCOFFEETOTEAWHICHOFTHESETWOFILMSDOYOUPREFERPREFERDOINGSTHTODOINGSTH这里的动词用动名词形式表示相对于后一动作，更喜欢做前一个动作。IPREFERCYCLINGTOWALKINGPREFERTODORATHERTHANDO宁愿而不愿PREFERTODIERATHERTHANSURRENDERPREFERTODO喜欢做某事，用于只列举一个动作时。SHEPREFERSTOBEALONE7WHYNOTWHYDONTYOUWHYNOTGORAFTINGWITHUSWHYDONTYOUGORAFTINGWITHUS8ATTHESAMETIME同时ATTIMESSOMETIMES有时ATALLTIMESALWAYS随时，无论什么时候ATONETIMEONCE从前，曾经ATATIME一次，每次精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/328ATNOTIME决不，任何时候都不9UNLESS“除非”，“如果不”YOULLFAILINTHEEXAMUNLESSYOUSTUDYHARDIFYOUDONTWORKHARD,YOULLFAILINTHEEXAM三、常用词语和句型1TRYDOINGSTH试着做某事EGITRIEDDOINGALLTHETHINGSMYSELFTRYTODOSTH努力/尽力做某事但未成功EGTHEDOCTORTRIEDTOPERSUADEHISPATIENTTOSTOPSMOKING,BUTFAILED2EXPERIENCEN经验不可数名词；经历；阅历可数名词EGIDONTTHINKHEHASENOUGHEXPERIENCEFORTHEJOBEXPERIENCEN经验；体验；感受EGMANYPEOPLELIKETRAVELINGTOEXPERIENCELIFEINOTHERCOUNTRIESEXPERIENCEDADJ有经验的，熟练的EGMISSLIUISANEXPERIENCEDENGLISHTEACHER3BEPOPULARWITH如THISDANCEISPOPULARWITHYOUNGPEOPLE这种舞很受青年人喜爱。4INSTEADADV代替精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/328INSTEADOFINPLACEOF后跟名词，代词，动名词或介词短语5PROTECTFROM保护免受如DONTWORRYHEWILLPROTECTYOUFROMBEINGHURT6HAVETO意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要；MUST则侧重于主观上的必要。7SEESBOFF给某人送行8SEPARATEADJ分离的，分开的；单独的。EGCUTTHEAPPLEINTOTHREESEPARATEPARTSMYSISTERANDISLEEPINSEPARATEBEDSSEPARATEV使分离，使分开。EGSEPARATETHEGOODONESFROMTHEBADSEPARATESTHUPINTO分开几分，分割成几段THEFARMERSEPARATEDTHELANDUPINTOSMALLFIELDS9WATCHOUTFORSTH注意，警惕EGWATCHOUTTHEBUSISCOMINGYOUMUSTWATCHOUTFORTHECARSWHENYOUCROSSTHECAR四、日常交际用语HAVEANICETIMEINGUANGZHOUSAY“HI“TOBOBFORMEHAVEAGOODTRIPUNIT4UNFORGETTABLEEXPERIENCES一、语法精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/328THEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE1复习关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1WHO,WHOM,THAT这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。EGISHETHEMANWHO/THATWANTSTOSEEYOUWHO/THAT在从句中主语HEISTHEMANWHOM/THATIMETYESTERDAYWHO/THAT在从句中宾语2WHOSE用来指人或物，只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同OFWHICH互换如PLEASEPASSMETHEBOOKWHOSECOVERISBLUE3WHICH,THAT所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语，宾语等。如THEBOOKWHICH/THATMYTEACHERLENTMEISVERYINTERESTING二、聚焦高频考点1BEGETMARRIED表示婚姻状态。如THEYAREMARRIEDSHEGOTMARRIEDTOADOCTOR如果要表示结婚的时间，可用表示行为动作的连系动词GET。WHENDIDHEGETMARRIED精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/328HEGOTMARRIEDIN1997如果是父母作主，把女儿“嫁”出去，也用MARRY，如SHEMARRIEDALLHERDAUGHTERSSHEMARRIEDHERDAUGHTERSTOAFARMER2OCCUR,HAPPEN,TAKEPLACE都含“发生”的意思。HAPPEN为常用词语,指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”，如THEACCIDENTHAPPENEDYESTERDAY事故发生在昨天。HAPPENTOSB/STH指不好的事情发生在某人物身上OCCUR属正式用语,指“按计划使某事或效果发生”，通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定，在以具体事物,事件作主语时，可与HAPPEN互换，如THESEEVENTSOCCURREDIN1909这些事件发生于1909年。OCCURTOSB/STH指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”，如DIDNTITOCCURTOYOUTOPHONEHIMABOUTITTAKEPLACE指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”，如THEMEETINGTOOKPLACEAT800ASPLANNED按计划会议在八点举行了。3BEONFIRE着火，表状态。如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/328LOOKOUTTHEPANISONFIRECATCHFIRE表动作EGTHEHOUSECAUGHTFIRELASTNIGHTONTHEFIRE指的是炉火EGTHEPANWASONTHEFIRE4现在分词作状语表示伴随情况。句中有两个以上的动作，除主要动作用谓语动词表示外，另一个伴随动作均可用现在分词来表达。如THENEXTMOMENTTHEFIRSTWAVESWEPTHERDOWN,SWALLOWINGTHEGARDENBEFORETHEYREACHEDTHEHOUSE,ANEWGREATWAVECAME,SWEEPINGDOWNTREES,ANDSWEEPINGTHEMDOWNTOOISATATTHEGATE,WAITINGFORMYMUM三、常用词语和句型1REMEMBERTODOSTH记着做还没做过的事情。EGSHELLREMEMBERTOSENDTHELETTERFORYOU2REMEMBERDOINGSTH对做过的事情还记得。EGIREMEMBERHAVINGMETYOUBEFOREREMEMBERSBTO代问好/问候。如REMEMBERMETOYOURPARENTS3USEDTO“表示过去常常做”该动作不是没有反复性。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/328注意USEDTO的否定式和疑问句IUSEDNOTTOLIKECLASSICALMUSIC此时USEDTO作情态动词IDIDNTUSETOLIKECLASSICALMUSICUSEDYOUTOLIKEOPERA此时USEDTO作情态动词DIDYOUUSETOLIKEOPERA四、日常交际用语HELPIMAFRAIDTOIMAFRAIDITSCARESMEDONTWORRYDONTBEAFRAIDITLLBEOK/ALLRIGHTITSALLRIGHTWELLDONEYOUCANDOITCOMEONTHATSBETTER/KEEPTRYINGUNIT5THESILVERSCREEN一、语法THEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE2复习由介词和关系代词共同引导的定语从句以及由关系副精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创21/328词WHERE,WHEN,WHY引导的定语从句。“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。这个结构中的介词可以是IN,ON,ABOUT,FROM,FOR,WITH,TO,AT,OF,WITHOUT等，关系代词只可用WHOM或WHICH,不可用THAT，且介词后面的关系词不能省略。另外某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词WHEN和WHERE互换。EGTHISISTHEHOUSEINWHICHMYMUMANDIUSEDTOLIVETHISISTHEHOUSEWHERETHATMYMUMANDIUSEDTOLIVEILLREMEMBERTHEDAYSINWHICHYOUSTAYEDWITHMEILLREMEMBERTHEDAYSWHENTHATYOUSTAYEDWITHMEISTHISTHEREASONWHYTHATSHEWASLATEISTHISTHEREASONFORWHICHSHEWASLATE二、聚焦高频考点1PLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINPLAYANIMPORTANTPARTIN在起重要作用，担任重要角色。如CHINAISPLAYINGANIMPORTANTPARTININTERNATIONALTRADINGKEANUREEVESPLAYEDANIMPORTANTROLEINSPEED2OWE表示“负债”，如DONTFORGETYOUSTILLOWEME5000RMBOWETO“感激；把归功于”精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创22/328THEDIRECTOROWEDHISSUCCESSTOHISFAMILY3AFFORD买得起EGHECANAFFORDANAPARTMENT他能买得起一套住房。AFFORD经受得住；承担得起EGCANYOUAFFORD12000FOR你花得起12000美元买吗ICANTAFFORDTHREEWEEKSAWAYFROMWORK我无法丢下工作三星期。AFFORD提供；给予EGTHETRANSACTIONAFFORDEDHIMAGOODPROFIT这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。EGHETOLDMETHATTHEFIRMCOULDNOTAFFORDTOPAYSUCHLARGESALARIES他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。4FAILTODOSTH不能,不做,忘记；疏忽EGHEFAILEDTOCOME他不能来。SHEFAILEDTOPASSTHEEXAM她考试不及格。5THINKHIGHLYOFSINGHIGHPRAISEFOR高度评价，称赞某人/某物精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创23/328EGALLTHEPEOPLETHINKHIGHLYOFHERGOODDEEDSTHETEACHERSANGHIGHLYOFTHELITTLEBOY6MAKECOMMENTSON/UPON评论某事EGWEAREASKEDTOMAKECOMMENTSONTHEFILM三、常用词语和句型1BECOMEADULTGROWUP成长，成人EGWHATAREYOUGOINGTODOWHENYOUGROWUPGROWNUPADJ成年的EGSHEHASTWOGROWNUPSONS2BEFAMOUSFOR以而闻名EGTHISTOWNISFAMOUSFORITSBEAUTIFULBUILDINGS这个城镇以它那漂亮的建筑而出名。BEFAMOUSAS作为而闻名EGKEANUREEVESISFAMOUSASANACTOR3CAUSEVT引起，使发生CAUSESBTODOSTHEGIMSORRYIHAVECAUSEDYOUSOMUCHTROUBLEYOURWORDSCAUSEDHIMTOCHANGEHISMIND4CANTHELPDOINGSTH忍不住做某事EGICOULDNTHELPLAUGHINGATHISJOKE5TAKEONESPLACE“就座”；“代替某人的工作”EGAFTERWETOOKOURPLACE,THEMEETINGBEGAN精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创24/328THEHEADMASTERASKEDFORALEAVEANDIHADTOTAKEHISPLACE四、日常交际用语YOUSTUDIED/WORKED/ACTEDATDIFFERENTFIRST,ANDTHENWHATDIDYOUDONEXTFINALLYYOUFOUNDAJOBASLATERONWHATMADEYOUDECIDETOWHATROLESDIDYOUACTWHATDOYOUTHINKOFTHEFILMHOWLONGHAVEYOUBEENWORKINGASUNIT6GOODMANNERS一、GRAMMARTHERESTRICTIVEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSEANDNONRESTRICTIVEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如THISISTHECARWHICHWEBOUGHTLASTYEARTHEHOUSE,WHICHIBOUGHTLASTWEEK,ISVERYBRIGHT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创25/328二、聚焦高频考点1MEANTODO“打算，企图”。SHEMEANSTOSTAYHEREFORTWOMOREDAYSMEANDOING“意味着”MISSINGTHEPLANEMEANSWAITINGFORANOTHERHOUR2APOLOGISETOSBFORSTH/DOINGSTH/WHAT从句,为某事向某人道歉YOUSHOULDAPOLOGISETOYOURTEACHERFORCOMINGLATEIAPOLOGISEFORMYMISTAKESIWANTTOAPOLOGISEFORWHATIVEDONEMAKEANAPOLOGYTOSBFORSTH为某事向某人道歉SHEHASMADEANAPOLOGYTOMEFORHERCARELESSNESS3FORGIVEFORGAVE,FORGIVEN饶恕，豁免，宽恕。常指原谅一个人的过失JUSTFORGIVEHIMDONTFORGIVESUCHAPERSONEXCUSE表示语气，程度逐渐加强，指轻微的冒犯，失礼。EXCUSEMEFORBEINGLATEPARDON多指较正式，客气的请求。PLEASEPARDONMEFORSTEPPINGYOUONTHEFOOT4ATTHETABLE餐桌旁WEAREDISCUSSINGAQUESTIONATTHETABLE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创26/328ATTABLE在进餐HISFAMILYARESITTINGATTABLEONTHETABLE在桌面上；公开THEWOUNDEDSOLIDERARELYINGONTHETABLETHEMANAGERISGOINGTOPUTTHEQUESTIONONTHETABLE5ADVICE不可数名词APIECEOFADVICE/MUCHADVICEGIVEFOLLOW/TAKEASKFORADVICE提出，接受，征求意见EGIUSUALLYASKFORHISADVICESOMEPEOPLEDONTLIKETAKINGOTHERSADVICEADVISESBTODOSTH劝告建议某人做某事EGMYMOTHERADVISEDMETOLISTENTOBBCNEWSADVISE从句从句用SHOULD动词原形，SHOULD可省略EGSHEADVISEDMETHATISHOULDSTUDYHARD6BEBUSYWITHSTH忙于某事BEBUSYDOINGSTH忙于做某事三、常用词语和句型1FAULT性格上的缺点，毛病，过错EGTALKINGTOOMUCHISHISGREATESTFAULTERRORMISTAKE理解，判断上的错误，误会EGSHEHASANERRORINJUDGINGTHATMAN2TOBESURPRISED被震惊精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创27/328TOONESSURPRISE出乎某人意料的事INONESSURPRISE内部惊奇3STARTWITH/BEGINWITH从开始EGTHEPARTYSTARTEDWITHASONGENDWITH以结尾EGTHETRIPENDEDWITHANUNHAPPYQUARREL4DRINKTOSBSHEALTH为某人的健康干杯EGLETSDRINKTOMICKYSHEALTH四、日常交际用语FORGIVEMEIMVERYSORRYOH,THATSALLRIGHTIAPOLOGISEFOROH,WELL,THATSLIFEIMSORRYIDIDNTMEANTOITSOKOOPSSORRYABOUTTHATUNIT7CULTURERELICS一、语法THEPASSIVEVOICE1现在完成时被动语态现在完成时的被动语态结构是“HAVE/HASBEEN过去分词”。如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创28/328GREATCHANGESHAVETAKENPLACEINCHINASINCE1978HOWMANYNEWSHOPPINGMALLSHAVEBEENSETUPHERE二、聚焦高频考点1INCLUDE包括；包含。如PRICE1490,POSTAGEINCLUDED价格1490美元，邮资包括在内。HEHADINCLUDEDALARGENUMBEROFFUNNYSTORIESINTHESPEECH他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。比较以下两个句子EIGHTPEOPLEHURTINTHEACCIDENT,INCLUDINGTHREECHILDRENEIGHTPEOPLEHURTINTHEACCIDENT,THREECHILDRENINCLUDED2GIVEIN“屈服”“投降”。如THEYPREFERTODIETHANGIVEINGIVEIN“植物等枯死，成批死去”THEPLANTSGAVEINTOTHECOLDWEATHERWITHTHEHELPOF“在的帮助下”如WITHTHEHELPOFTHETEACHER,THESTUDENTSMADEGREATPROGRESSLASTTERMBRINGBACK“归还”；“使恢复”如REMEMBERTOBRINGBACKTHEBOOKTOMORROWTHELETTERBROUGHTBACKMANYMEMORIES3BEGINSTART,其后都可以跟不定式或动名词做宾语。一精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创29/328般情况下，不定式或动名词可以互换。但以下三种情况只能用不定式1主语是物时ISTARTED/BEGANTOCRY/CRYINGTHEFLOWERBEGAN/STARTTOCOMEOUT2当BEGIN，START本身是进行时态时THETEACHERWASBEGINNINGTOGETANGRY3当非谓语动词是表示心理状态的动词时，如REALIZE,UNDERSTAND,KNOW等。FINALLY,SHEBEGANTOREALIZETHEIMPORTANCEOFENGLISH4REPRESENT代表WESHOULDCHOOSESOMEONETOREPRESENTUS5“及物动词名词介词”这种短语动词转换为被动语态时有两种形式。一种是短语动词当作一个及物动词。EGTHEYDIDNTPAYANYATTENTIONTOHISWORDSHISWORDSWERENOTPAIDANYATTENTIONTO另一种方式是把短语动词看成“动词宾语介词”结构。上句可等于NOATTENTIONWASPAIDTOHISWORDS6ITBEADJTHATCLAUSE这是主语从句句型。主语从句在句中作主语，可置于主句谓语动词之前，但常用IT作形式主语，而把它移到主句之后。如ITISVERYIMPORTANTTHATWESTUDYENGLISHWELL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创30/328三、常用词语和句型1LIELAY,LAIN,LYING躺EGJACKWASSTILLLYINGINBEDLIE还表示保持在某种状态或位置EGTHOSETOWNSLAYINRUINS2KEEP使某人/物保持某种状态KEEPTHEDOOROPENKEEPTHEFIREBURNINGKEEPTHECHILDHAPPYKEEPONDOING继续作某事含强调重复性和决心NOMATTERWHATHAPPENS,JUSTKEEPONTRYINGKEEPDOING不停地，不断地做某事表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态WHYDIDTHEBABYKEEPCRYINGKEEPSB/STHDOINGSTH使某人/某物继续做某事YOUHAVEKEPTMEWAITINGSOLONGKEEPSB/STHFROMDOINGSTHSARSKEEPSMANYPEOPLEFROMTRAVELING3主语BESAIDTOBE据说EGTHEMANISSAIDTOBEAPROFESSORBEFOREITISSAIDTHAT据说EGITISSAIDTHATTHEREISGOINGTOBEASTORM精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创31/3284HAPPEN,TAKEPLACE,BREAKOUT,BELONGTO等不及物动词无被动语态四、日常交际用语WHATSHALLWEPUTINLETSPUTINWHAT/HOWABOUTCANTWEPUTINMAYBEWECOULDPUTINWHYNOTSHOULDWEPUTINIDLIKETOCHOOSEWHYDONTYOUIDLIKETOWHYNOTUNIT8SPORTS一、语法THEPASSIVEVOICE2一般将来时被动语态被动语态由助动词“BE过去分词”构成，其时态则通过BE的不同形式体现出来。将来时态的被动语态由WILL/SHALLBE过去分词构成，表示某事将要被干。一般将来时被动语态的各种句式精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创32/328主语WILL/SHALLBE过去分词其它成分THEFLOWERWILLBEWATEREDTOMORROW主语WILL/SHALLNOTBE过去分词其它成分THEFLOWERWILLNOTBEWATEREDTOMORROWWILL/SHALL主语BE过去分词其它成分WILLTHEFLOWERBEWATEREDTOMORROWWHENWILLTHEFLOWERBEWATERED二、聚焦高频考点1WOULDRATHER和动词原形连用。否定形式为WOULDRATHERNOTDOSTH如IWOULDRATHERLEAVENOWWOULDRATHERDOTHANDO表示宁愿做什么而不愿做什么如THEYWOULDRATHERDIETHANSURRENDERWOULDRATHER和句子连用。通常动词用过去时，是虚拟语气。在表示以前的动作时，用HADDONE。如IDRATHERYOUWENTHOMENOWIDRATHERHEHADNTDONETHAT2JOININ多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛，游戏”等。如COMEON,JOININTHEBALLGAMEHESGOINGTOJOININTHETALKTONIGHTTAKEPARTIN指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创33/328语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如WELLTAKEPARTINSOCIALPRACTICEDURINGTHESUMMERVACATIONTHEYOFTENTAKEPARTINOUTDOORACTIVITIESPART前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如LINCOLNTOOKANACTIVEPARTINPOLITICS3STANDFOR代表，特征。如WHATDOGRESTANDFORTHEDOVESTANDSFORPEACESTANDFOR赞同，支持，拥护。如ALMOSTEVERYONEINTHEWORLDSTANDFORPEACESTANDFOR容忍。如SHECANTSTANDFORHISRUDENESS4THESAMEAS意