2012届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 16 Stories讲练精品学案 北师大版选修6

Module 6Unit 16Stories1abandon vt.丢弃；抛弃，遗弃，放弃，中止，(与oneself连用)使 放纵；使听任；n.U 放纵，放任，狂放 【典型例句】 We were sinking fast，and the captain gave the order to abandonship. 我们的船沉得很快，船长下令弃船。 剑桥高阶 The broken bike was found abandoned by the riverside. 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。 He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。 He abandoned himself to his emotions. 他任由自己的情绪发作。 剑桥高阶【词语辨析】 abandon/desert/leave/give up/quit abandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义务者， 放弃一个项目或计划。 desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)。 leave 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同某人的关 系，但不涉及动机与结果。 give up普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。 quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指“停止”。 quit work停止工作即学即用Despite some difficulties，theyre not going to _ the plan. Aabandon Bdesert Cforsake Dquit 解析：意为“放弃”，句意为“尽管有一些困难，他们不打算 放弃计划”，A符合题意。 答案：A2preserve vt.保存，保藏；保护；维护；维持 【典型例句】 Oil preserves metal from rust.油保护金属免于生锈。 We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。 I think these interesting old customs should be preserved. 我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。 Its the duty of the police to preserve the public order. 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。 I need to get out of the house from time to time just to preserve(prevent me from losing) my sanity. 我需要时不时到户外去以保持头脑清醒。 剑桥高阶【词语辨析】 defend/guard/protect/preserve 都含“保护”“使安全”的意思。 defend指“保卫”“防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的, 也可以是抽象的。 defend oneself against enemy防御敌人 guard指“注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。 guard a coastline守卫海岸线 protect指“保护.以免遭受危险或伤害等”。 protect the children from harm保护儿童免受伤害 preserve指“防护、保存免被分解或腐烂”。 Salt preserves food from decay.盐能防止食物腐烂。即学即用It is our duty to _ our motherland against enemies.Adefend Bprotect Cguard Dcare解析：句意：保卫祖国防御外敌是我们的责任。保卫祖国应用defend。答案：ADark glasses are sometimes worn to _ the eyes from strong sunlight.Aprevent Bcare Cdefend Dprotect解析：句意：墨镜可以保护眼睛免受强光的伤害。retect.from为固定搭配。答案：D3.occur vi.发生，出现；存在，被想起，被想到，浮现 【典型例句】 Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。 Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有？ A brilliant idea occurred to me.我想到一个极好的主意。 Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?你难道从没想过有时候我或许喜欢独处？剑桥高阶【词语辨析】 occur/happen/take place/break out/come about happen表示事情的发生存在一定的偶然性。 What has happened？出什么事了？ If anything happens，please let me know. 不管发生什么事，都请通知我。How did the car accident happen？车祸是怎么发生的？occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用，但后接to sb.时，两者含义不同：happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上；occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的大脑中”。take place 表示“发生”，指必然会发生的事情，按计划，安排要发生的事多用 take place；此外take place还可表示“举行某种活动”。 break out一般是指激烈的，严重的暴力，骚乱，战争，火灾等大事爆发。come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。 He happened to know the place.他碰巧知道那个地方。When did the earthquake occur/happen？地震是什么时候发生的？Didnt it occur to you to phone them about it？你难道就没想过给他们打个电话？In 1919，the May 4th Movement took place in China.一九一九年，中国发生了五四运动。Fire broke out last night.昨晚发生了火灾。Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.我怎么也不明白你会一周迟到三次。即学即用That sound doesnt _ in his language，so its difficult for him to pronounce it.Ahappen Boccur Chave Dtake place解析：句意：那个音在他的语言里不存在，因此他发音很困难。occur“ 发生，存在”，其他词无此意。答案：BA big fire _ in our neighborhood last night.Abroke out Bwas broke out Cwas happened Dbrought about解析：句意：昨天晚上我们附近发生了火灾。表示火灾，战争，自然灾害的爆发只能用break out。答案：A Nobody knows when the accident _.Ahappen BHappenedChas happening Dwas happened解析：句意：无人知道事故是什么时候发生的。根据句意应用一般过去时。答案：BMore crimes _ in summer than at any other time.Atake place Bis taking place Care taken Dtaken place解析：句意：夏天犯罪率比其他时间都高。根据句意应用一般现在时。答案：A4eager adj.热心的，热切的，渴望的，急切的 【典型例句】 He looked around the circle of eager faces. 他看了看四周热切的脸庞。 She is eager for success.她渴望成功。 She sounded very eager to meet you. 听得出来她非常渴望见到你。 剑桥高阶【词语辨析】 (1)表示“担心的”“焦虑的”这一意义时，只能用anxious，不用 eager；表示 “为担心”，一般用介词about /for。 He is anxious about (或for) her safety.他担心她的安全。(2)表示“热切的”“渴望的”这一意义时，两者都可用，但有以下几点需注意：anxious之后一般用介词for，而eager之后可接介词for，after，about等。He is anxious for a bike.他渴望有一辆自行车。We are all eager for (或after) knowledge.我们都求知心切。两者之后均可接“(for sb.)不定式”，表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”。He is anxious (或eager) to marry her.他渴望能与她结婚。He was anxious (或eager) for me to go.他想要我去。两者之后均可接that从句，且从句谓语一般都用“should动词原形”。Im anxious (或eager) that they should win.我很希望他们会获胜。即学即用Our parents always get a little bit _ if we dont manage to arrive when we say we will.Aeager Banxious Cpatient Dearnest解析：我们的父母经常会有点担忧，当我们说回去而又没到时。本题表示“担忧”，故只能用B。答案：B5. discourage vt.使泄气，使沮丧,劝阻；打消，阻挡，防止 【精讲拓展】 be discouraged at/by. discourage sb. from doing. discouragement n泄气，灰心；挫折 discouraged adj.灰心丧气的，沮丧的 discouraging adj.令人泄气的【典型例句】 She was discouraged by setbacks.她因挫折而灰心了。 The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her. 一想到还有那么多活儿得做她就泄了气。 剑桥高阶 We discouraged him from giving up the job. 我们劝他不要放弃那份工作。 The rain discouraged us from going out. 雨打消了我们外出的念头。即学即用用discourage的适当形式填空He refused to give up in spite of many _.Learners can feel _ if an exercise is too difficult.It may be hard to do at first.Dont let this _ you.Todays report on the economy is rather _.答案：discouragementsdiscourageddiscouragediscouraging6witness vt.目击，亲眼看到；vi.作证，证明，成为的证据; n.目击者，见证人 【典型例句】 Did you witness the accident？你亲眼看到那次事故了吗？ He witnessed the truth of my statement.他证明我的陈述真实。 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。 注意：witness to中to是介词 The police found the witness to the murder. 警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。 His offer bears witness to his kindness. 他的提议证明了他的善意。 美国传统即学即用 After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the _.Aonlookers Bviewers Cpeople Dwitnesses解析：句意：爆炸发生后，警察做了很多工作去从目击证人处寻找线索。只有D符合题意。A.旁观者；B.观众。答案：D7.vivid adj.鲜艳的；鲜明的；强烈的；有生气的；活泼的，生动 的；逼真的；清晰的【典型例句】 The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes. 女演员们穿着鲜艳的古装。 His girlfriend is a vivid young dancer. 他的女朋友是个活泼的青年舞蹈家。 He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of his time in prison.他生动地讲述/描述了他的狱中生活，他说的 常让人觉得很震惊。 剑桥高阶即学即用Im not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a _ imagination.(2009天津，13)Aclear Bcautious Cfunny Dvivid解析：句意：他成为作家，我毫不惊讶。孩提时，他就有丰富的想象力。vivid“生动的，逼真的”；clear“清楚的”；cautious“小心的”；funny“滑稽的”。答案：D1knock sb.over弄翻，打倒，撞倒 【精讲拓展】 knock about 接连打击(指拳击)，(浪等)反复冲击(船只)； 口到处流浪，漫游 knock down 打(撞)倒；拆除，拆开 knock into 把(某种知识)灌输给；与相撞；口 偶然碰到(某人) knock off则指从某个地方(被)撞倒 knock out 敲出 knock at 敲门【典型例句】 A boy was knocked over by a passing car but was fortunately unhurt. 一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了，幸运的是没有受 伤。 I accidentally knocked the glass of water over.我无意中打翻了那杯水。美国传统He knocked a glass over.他把玻璃杯打翻了。即学即用_ at the door before entering，please.AKnocked BTo knock CKnocking DKnock解析：本题考查祈使句，所以句首用knock。答案：D2in a way在某种程度上说(或in some ways，in one way) 【精讲拓展】 in the (或ones) way 挡道，妨碍 all the way一路上，一直；完全 on ones way to在某人去的路上 by the way顺便说说，顺便提起 by way of经由 in no way决不In some ways，television is more challenging than theatre.从某种意义上讲，电视比戏剧更有挑战性。In a way，a teacher is like a dictionary，particularly an English teacher.从某种程度上讲，教师像一本字典，特别是英语老师。I like her approach to problems in a way.从某种意义上说，我喜欢她处理问题的方法。 美国传统【典型例句】即学即用The chair is _，please take it away.Ain this way Bin the way Con the way Dby the way解析：句意：椅子碍事，请把它移开。in the way“挡道，妨碍”，符合题意。答案：BThere are usually at least two _ of looking at every question.Ameans BDirectionsCviews Dways解析：句意：看问题通常要从两方面看待。此处way表示方面。答案：D3in particular 特别，尤其，详细地【精讲拓展】 particular adj.特别的，特殊的，特定的 special adj.专门的 be particular about.对挑剔 particularly adv.特别，尤其(especially)She stressed that point in particular.她特别强调了那一点。I like that car in particular.我特别喜欢那辆车。美国传统His statement refers to people in general，not to anyone in particular.他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。Among all the merchandise，I was interested in the cotton piece in particular.在所有商品中，我对棉布特别感兴趣。【典型例句】即学即用完成句子The teacher showed _ concern for the disabled child.老师特别关心那个残疾儿童。She is _ about her food.她对食物非常挑剔。The summer here is very hot，_ at noon.这儿的夏天非常热，尤其是在中午。I came here _ to see you.我专门来这儿看你。答案：particularparticularespecially/particularlyspecially4end up以结束，告终 【精讲拓展】 end upprep. end up with end upadj. end up doing. at the end (of) 在(的)末端 be at an end 结束，终结 by the end of 到结束时,到末尾时 come (draw) to an end 结束，完结 put an end to sth. 结束某事 in the end 最后，终于 on end不停地，连续地，竖立；竖着 without end永远的，没有完结的You will end up in debt if you keep on spending money like that.你要是老这样花钱，总有一天要负债。We started with soup，and fruit to end up with.我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。We had a banquet，which ended(up) with soup.我们举行了一个宴会，最后一道是喝汤。If he carries on driving like that，hell end up dead.他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。There were many problems，but everything worked out in the end.问题很多，但最终一切都得以解决。 美国传统【典型例句】即学即用To start with the aim of doing harm to others is only to _ ruining oneself.Aat the end Bin the end Cmake ends meet Dend up解析：句意：搬起石头砸自己的脚。end up“结束”；at the end“在末端”；in the end“最终”；make ends meet“收支相抵”。答案：D5count on依赖，依靠，期待，指望 【精讲拓展】 count on sb. count on sb. to do/doing count vt. 计算，数，将计算在内；vi.有重要意义,有价值 They are counting the books they collected. 他们正在数收集来的书。 There are ten people，not counting the guide. 不包括向导，共有十人。 In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing. 就运动而言，重要的不是赢，而是参与。 In emergency every second counts. 紧急情况下，每分每秒都很重要。depend on依赖，依靠，取决于，由而定It depends视情况而定You can depend on him.你可以信赖他。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。rely on 依赖，依靠You may rely on me to help you.你可以信赖我会帮助你的。【归纳拓展】Thanks.Ill be counting on you.谢谢。一切就依赖你了。Shes counting on you to show movies to her friends.她盼望着你为她的朋友们放电影呢！You can count on me to help.我肯定会帮你。 美国传统We cant count on the weather being fine.我们不能指望天气晴朗。【归纳拓展】即学即用Surely it doesnt matter where the students associations get their money from；what _ is what they do with it.(2007湖北，29)Acounts Bapplies Cstresses Dfunctions解析：句意：学生会的资金来源并不重要，重要的是他们如何使用他们的钱。count作动词意为“值得考虑，有价值”；apply“应用，申请”；stress“着重，强调”；function“运转，起作用”。答案：A When we will hold the flower show in the park mainly _the weather recently.Alies on Bputs on Crelies on Ddepends on解析：句意：我们什么时候在公园举行花卉展览取决于最近的天气。depends on“依赖，取决于”；rely on“依赖”。答案：D6now that 既然，由于 【典型例句】 You ought to have a good rest now that youve finished the work. 既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。 Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous. 既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就较少危险了。 Now that spring is here，we can expect warmer weather. 既然春天到了，天气就有望变暖。 美国传统 Now (that) you have come，you may as well stay. 你既然来了，不妨就住下。【词语辨析】 since/for/because/now that的用法和区别 (1)since(既然)语气较弱，强调已知的事实。 例：Since you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。 (2)for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。 例：It must be morning ，for the birds are singing. 一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。(3)because通常表示直接的原因。because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why的问句，一般位于主句之后。例：We couldnt go out because it was too cold.因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。(4)now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。例：Now that you are busy，let me do it for you.既然你忙，就让我给你做吧。(5)as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。As it was late , we came back soon.由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来。即学即用_ youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.ANow that BAfter CAlthough DAs soon as解析：句意：既然你有机会，还是要好好利用，根据句意，只能选A。答案：A A man cannot smile like a child，_ a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖南，23)Aso Bbut Cand Dfor解析：句意：成人微笑与小孩子微笑不一样，因为孩子是用眼睛笑，而成人仅用嘴唇笑。根据句意，后面的句子提出的是一种理由，for是并列连词，引出理由。答案：D He found it increasingly difficult to read，_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(2008山东，22)Aand Bfor Cbut Dor答案：B7come out出现，出版；结果是，传出 【精讲拓展】 come的相关短语： come about发生 come across偶遇；偶尔发现 come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快 come at袭击 come (in) first/second得第一/二 come from出身于；来自 come in/into sight出现；被看见 come into being/existence发生；产生；出现come into effect/force开始生效；开始实施come into power/office上台；掌握政权come into use开始使用come on(风雨等)到来；演出；赶快come to come to oneself苏醒过来come to.总计；谈到， 涉及；谈及(when it comes to.)come up with想出(计划、回答)come up开始；发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来come down倒塌，下降；流传下来【典型例句】 The clouds finally parted and the sun came out. 云终于散去，太阳出来了。 剑桥高阶 When does their new album come out？ 他们的新专辑什么时候面世？ 剑桥高阶 The party came out all right.晚会开得很好。 When the news came out，everyone was shocked. 消息传来，人人都感到震惊。 Two cotyledons have come out from the seedling. 小苗长出了两片子叶。即学即用Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.(湖北，25)Acame over Bcame out Ccame about Dcame up解析：句意：现在已经10点了，我真纳闷如此短的旅程她竟晚了两个小时。come about同happen，esp.in a way that seems impossible发生。其他不合题意。答案：C Four dollars a pair ? I think its a bit too much. If you buy three pairs，the price for each will _ to three fifty.(安徽，33)Acome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo over解析：句意：一双4美元？我觉得贵点。要买3双的话，可以降到3.5美元。come down(价格，温度等)下降。答案：AHave you some new ideas? Yeah.Ill tell you later.Acome about Bcome intoCcome up with Dcome out with解析：句意：你想出什么新想法了么？嗯，以后我会告诉你的。come up with 想出，根据句意选C。答案：C1Pliny described a cloud coming_down_the_mountain，blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path，including whole villages and towns.普利尼描述道，当时一团云自山巅而降，遮 天蔽日,将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。 【精讲拓展】 coming down the mountain是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a cloud,可改写为定语从句that was coming down the mountain。 blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path是and连 接的两个并列的现在分词短语在句中作状语,表结果。including whole villages and towns相当于whole villages and towns included。 Six people died in the accident，including 3 children. Six people died in the accident,3 children included.即学即用A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board.(2009上海，31)Akilled Bkilling Ckills Dto kill解析：句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上人员全部遇难。用ing作结果状语。答案：B There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.(2009浙江，7)Aindicate Bindicating Cto indicate Dto be indicating解析：句意：有大量的证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部分。ing形式作定语修饰evidence。答案：B2Yet，over the centuries，the people who disappeared under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius were gradually forgotten by the world.然而，几百年后，维苏威火山灰下失踪的人们，被世人 完全遗忘了。 【精讲拓展】 (1)yet conj.在这个句子中表示转折，意思是“但是，然而”。 a simple yet very effective system 一种尽管简单却十分有效的方法 She is not a beautiful girl，yet you cant help liking her. 她不是个漂亮的女孩，但是你却会情不自禁地喜欢她。 yet其他的意思还有adv.：a用于完成时的疑问句或否定句中，表示“还，至此”。Has John arrived yet? 约翰来了吗？He wouldnt let me see it because he hadnt yet finished.他不愿意让我看到那件作品，因为他还没做完呢。b迟早We may win yet.我们迟早会赢的。The plan could yet succeed.这项计划将来有成功的一天。c再，还，更a yet worse mistake 一个更严重的错误(2)who disappeared under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius是个定语从句修饰the people。 John plays basketball well，_ his favorite sport is badminton.(2009北京，21)Aso Bor Cyet Dfor解析：句意：约翰篮球打得非常好，但是他最喜欢的是羽毛球。yet此处是连词，意思是“但是，然而”。符合题意。答案：C即学即用3However，much more than buildings and objects，it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。【精讲拓展】(1)该句结构比较复杂。it is the forms of the people.that.是强调主语。(2) who were caught in the disaster是who引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 the people。made the city a monument to human history是make的复合结构，the city是宾语，a monument to human history是宾语补足语。即学即用It was _ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry.(2009江西，27)Awhen；then Bnot；until Cnot until；that Donly；when解析：本题考查强调句型，根据句意应选C。答案：C What do you think of teaching，Bob? I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you are doing something serious