名词性从句学案.doc

名词性从句学案 主语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句考点聚焦：1、名词性从句的句法作用； 2、名词性从句连接词的确定。知识梳理、一名词性从句的引导词：(1).连接词：that, whether/if,as if-在从句中不充当任何成分。(2).连接代词：who, what,which,whose-在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。(3).连接副词：when, where.why,how,how many/much/soon/often/long-在从句中充当状语。 * 注意：(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词 的宾语从句。 (2).与or not或不定式连用，要用whether. (3).what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分， 而that本身无任何意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。、e.g.(1).It is unknown whether/if she is ill.(如果用形式主语，if 和whether都可以）(2).I dont care if he doesnt show up.他来不来我都不在乎（若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if,而不用whether)(3) After years of hard work, he was made what he was.(主语补足语-经过多年的辛劳，她被弄成这样）弄清一类连词：“无论（不管）-”No matter who-=Whoever-No matter what-=Whatever-No matter which-=Whichever-No matter when-=Whenever-No matter where-=wherever-No matter how + adj/adv-=However + adj/adv-左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句， 又可以引导名词性从句。(1).Ill give the book to _wants it.(A).anyone (B).those who (C).whoever (D).whomever(2).No matter who= Whoever wants to read the book, you may lend it to him.(3).However late = No matter how late he is ,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.(5).Whenever = Every time he saw me, he greeted me.Wherever you go, well be thinking of you.一、主语从句的句型结构：1. 句型： that+主谓 whether what who whose+主句谓语部分引导词 whatever whoever when where why how which, whichever主语从句eg：(他通过了考试) made his parents happy.(他是否会来) is unknown. he said is not true.(关系重要的是) is not money but es is welcome.(他会去哪里) is not known.2. It 作形式主语，特殊句型要牢记：(1).It is said/believed/reported/thought/well-known that-(2).It turned out that-“结果是，原来是-”(3).It happened that-“碰巧-”(4).It occurred to me that-= It struck me that-“突然想起-”(5).Word came that-“有消息传来 说-”(6).It seems/appears that-“似乎是，好像是-”(7).It is a pity/a fact/no wonder / a shame / a pleasure / a surprise / a waste of time / / an honour / /that-“真遗憾、是事实、难怪-”(8).It is possible/probable/likely that-(9).It is important/necessary/strange that-从句中用虚拟语气:（should ）+ 动词原形(10).It is certain that-(11).It follows that-“于是乎，从而-”(12).There is no point in doing sth. There is no need to do sth.(13).It is up to sb to do sth. “该由某人做某事，由某人负责”(14).It is just like sb to do sth.“某人恰恰是这个样子”(15).See to it that- = Make sure that-“务必。确保”(16).How did it come about that you were late again yesterday?eg：It seems that he doesnt like the job. It doesnt matter he will come. he will not come.注意：主语从句中表示“是否”时只用whether不用if，并且whether所在的从句只能用肯定句；that引导从句时，没有含义，不作成分，不可省略。例题赏析： makes this shop different is that is offers more personal services.AWhatBWhoCWhateverDWhoever well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhat is known to us all is that America is a developed country the First world. AWhich; belong to BAs; belonged to CWhat; belonging toDIt; belonging to二、表语从句的句型结构：句型：thatwhetheras if / as though+主+谓主语+系动词+引导词whatwhenwherewhy / becausehowwho / whom / whose表语从句eg：The question is it is worth doing.(翻译)问题在于这部电影是否值得看。It looks it is going to rain. This is I disagree.The reason he came here late was he didnt catch the bus.Perseverance is it takes to learn English well.This is I live and I have. made me happy is you did very well in your exercises yesterday. He worked hard. Thats he passed the exam. He passed the exam. Thats he worked hard.made our school proud is many students can become useful people in the future.AWhat; becauseBWhat; that CThat; whatDThat; becauseGreat changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer it was 20 years ago, it was so poorly equipped.Awhat; whenBthat; whichCwhat; whichDthat; when三、宾语从句的句型结构：1. 句型thatif / whetherwho/ whom / whosewhat / whatever+主谓+主语+谓语(Vt.)+连接词which / whicheverwhoever / whomeverwhenwherehowwhy宾语从句eg：You should value you have got.I wonder he will support us or not.I dont mind he said.2. 介词+宾语从句eg：Ill make friends with shares joys and sorrows.He stayed in he thought was a safe place.Everything depends on they will support us.As a teacher, I often think about I should teach. I should teach students.We have had a discussion about we should have lessons on weekends.(介词后的宾语从句，表“是否”不用if)3. considerthinkit形式宾语+adj. /n. + that+ 句子主语findfeelmakebelieveeg：We felt it strange that he left without saying good-bye.He make it clear that he wouldnt come.I find it necessary that we should do the homework.4. like, hate, dislike, appreciate, see to(保证), depend on, takefor granted, help + it +宾语从句(if / when / that) 主+help it if主+like it when主+appreciate it if主+take it for granted that 注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型：(5).owe it to sb. that-“把-归功于-”(6.Leave it to sb. that-“把-留给某人去做(7).keep it in mind that-记住(8).see to it that-=make sure that-务必、确保(9).depend on it that- 10 )I take it that .11).Im counting on it that eg：(翻译)在离开房间时，你应该确保关了灯。Ill appreciate you can give me a hand.I hate people talk with their mouths full. (4)I leave it to you to judge.（我让你做判断） (5)._（你可以放心他们会帮你的) (6)._-?(你负责保证） (7)_-(我想你不回去参加）(8)_-.(我正指望着你回来)5. 当主句的谓语动词为“坚持、命令、建议、要求”时，宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句的谓语用（should）+动原，常见的动词有：(一个坚持insist，两个命令order / command，三个建议advise / suggest / propose，四个要求require, request, ask, demand. 以及推荐recommend)eg：He insisted that he (send) to the place where he was most needed.He insisted that he (not steal) the car.He suggested that we (read) English more.His pale face suggested that he (be) ill.主语+wish + that“要是就要了”6. 一般过去时：did / were过去完成时：had done过去将来时：would / could doeg：I wish I a bird and I (fly) in the sky.How I wish every family (have) a large house with a beautiful garden.I wish that I (study) hard before.I (get) high marks in the Entrance Examinations to College next year.注意：两个并列的宾语从句由that引导，前省后不省。They suggest we _(执行) the plan at once.I think he will be better soon and he can go to school tomorrow.7. 宾语从句的时态：如果主句谓语为过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态，但从句是客观真理时要用一般现在时：eg：The teacher told us that_.(地球绕着太阳转)The teacher told us that he would not teach us again.例题赏析：We havent settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.AifBwhereCwhetherDthatIt is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever Do you know he is looking for?Please give the book to you see in the classroom. is in the classroom.The true value of life is not in you get, but you give.This book is of great value to wants to learn English. Can you find out broke these dishes? I dont know will be made monitor of our class. Can you help needs help?who：谁（含有疑问含义）作主语 whom 作宾语whoever：凡是的人 whomeverParents are taught to understand important education is to their childrens future.AthatBhowCsoDwhatA modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhere四、同位语从句的句型结构：一个句子用来作前一个名词的同位语，解释说明名词的具体内容，常用that引导，带有疑问或否定的含义时才用whether, how, where, what等。常见的名词有：idea, news, fact, message, information, suggestion, advice, promise, order, dream, truth, question, problem, opinion, thought, hope, word(消息), report, knowledge, explanation, opportunity, chance, belief, saying, possibility, story, answer, reply, request等。eg：I have no idea he will come.He told me the truth he had stolen a book in the bookstore.Tom left word with his mother he would call me again later.My mother made a promise I passed the exam, she would buy me a computer. AthatBthat ifCif thatDthat whetherThe fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. AwhetherBwhyCthatDhowThere is possibility he will study abroad.Nobody believe his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet uncle at the airport. AwhyBthatCbecauseDwhereThe suggestion (我们应该学好英语) is very important to us.注意：同位语从句中表“是否”时，只能用whether不用if.当名词为“建议、命令、要求”时，同位语从句中的谓语用(should)+动原.弄清同位语从句与定语从句的区别:(1)that引导定语从句时，that充当定语从句的成分；that引导同位语从句时，that不充当从句的任何成分。(2)当when,where,why引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但它们引导同位语从句时，其意义与被同位的词毫无关系，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示；“什么时候”，where表示：“哪儿”。它们引导两种从句时都在从句中做状语。(1).He expressed the hope that he had for many years. He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.(2).I have the 1st impression that he gave me in 1980.I have the 1st impression that he is an honest man.(3).The news that you heard is not true. The whole nation was plunged into deep sorrow at the news that Abraham Lincoln was murdered at a theatre.(4)比较：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.( ) This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.( ) I have no idea when she will be back.( ） Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.( ）五、名词性从句中注意点：1. what与thatwhatthe thing(s) that, what 在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、表“的东西”。that 只起连接作用，不作成分，没有含义，在宾语从句中that可省略。eg：You should pay attention to your teacher told you.The teacher advised us we should pay enough attention to reading and writing.2. whatever与whoeverwhatever anything that“任何东西/事情”whoever = anyone who “任何一个人”eg：Ill make friends with shares joys and sorrows.AanyoneBwhichCwhoeverDwhomeverThe book can be of help wants to do the job.AwhoBwhomeverCno matter whoDwhoeverYou can take you want.3. 宾语从句中使用强调句型。eg：Mrs. Smith didnt understand made her husband so upset this morning.Awhat was itBhow it was that Cwhat was it thatDwhat it was that4. doubt / sure后面的从句中that和whether / if 的用法。 I am sure that I am not sure whether / if I have no doubt that There is no doubt that I have doub