Book4Unit2period3.docVIP

高一英语人教必修4 Unit2 Grammar 导学案 高一( ) 班 第 ( ) 组 姓名 ( )Book4 Unit 2 Working the land Period 3 Grammar :V.ing form for Subject and Object 学生用时：60分钟 时间：2013/5/12 编制：黄佳莲 审核：高一英语组 Learning aims（学习目标）: To improve the ability of using English. Important points(学习重点) : Learn V.ing form for Subject and Object. Difficult points(学习难点) : Learn V.ing form for Subject and Object. 预习案 Part 1: Find and underline the sentences in the passage that useing forms as either the subject or the object.Sentences using the -ing form1. Since then , finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal .( subject )2. As a young man , he saw the great need for increasing the rice output . ( )3. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields . ( )4. However, he doesnt care about being famous . ( )5. He enjoys listening to violin music , playing mahjong ,swimming and reading . ( )6. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him . ( )7. Just dreaming for things , however, costs nothing . ( )8. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people . ( ) Part 2:Grammar Learning 1. 动词-ing形式的构成：在动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如： do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式：not+ v.-ing构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。 3. 时态和语态 动词-ing形式在时态上可分为一般式和完成式。 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作； 完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。 动词-ing形式在语态上可分为主动式和被动式。 主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行者。 被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的动作承受者。类别 及 物动 词不及物动词 形式主 动被 动主 动一般式doing being done doing 完成式having donehaving been donehaving done 例如： Being a student, he was interested in drawing. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied hard, he failed the exam. 因为没有努力学习，他考试不及格。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 动词-ing形式可以在句子中做主语或宾语，此时也可称为动名词。如： Collecting stamps is a good hobby. He enjoys fishing. (1)-ing分词（短语）作主语： Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 -ing分词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Teaching is my full-time job. 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词（短语）也作主语：. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语-ing放在句末，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。1.和他争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless argue with him2.这事值得去做。 Its worth 3.想再解释一次有好处吗? Is it any good explain?4.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant you. 在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。这种结构的意思相当于 “It is impossible to do ”.1若要人不知，除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it2.这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is no joking about such matter.3.无法知道他什么时候离开 There was no knowing when he would leave. 4历史车轮不可阻挡。 There is no holding back the wheel of history.注意：-ing与不定式的比较：-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的动作。我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。 I like _, but now I like _ .归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It is/ was a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没益/用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is no doing 无法,不允许There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干无意义1.我们不知道要去哪儿。 where we would go. 2.做这件傻事毫无意义。 doing such a silly thing. 注意：There is no need to do sth 干没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. 1.没有必要告诉她。 There is no need her. 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。2.我姐姐病了,使我很担心。 made we worried.3.你正确未必就意味着我错了。 doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. (2)-ing分词（短语）作宾语： I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money.接动名词作宾语的常见动词有: admit 承认, appreciate 感激,赞赏, avoid 避免, complete 完成, consider 认为, delay 耽误, deny 否认, detest 讨厌, endure 忍受, enjoy 喜欢, escape 逃脱, fancy 想象, finish 完成, imagine 想象, mind 介意, miss 想念, postpone 推迟, practise 训练, prevent阻止,risk(冒险), resent 讨厌, resist 抵抗, resume 继续, suggest 建议, face 面对, include 包括, stand 忍受, understand 理解, forgive宽恕, keep 继续等。以下的动词后面加动词的ing作宾语:接动名词作宾语的词组有： admit to,preferto, be used to,lead to, devote oneself to,stick to, look forward to (to为介词）, no good, no use, Its worth, as well as, cant help, Its no use /good, be tired of , be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, hold off, put off, keep on, insist on, set about be successful in, good at, take up, give up, prevent from, think of / about下列动词可以接动名词或不定式作宾语,意义基本相同：like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue prefer(较喜欢) intend(打算) 下列动词可以接动名词或不定式表示不同意义: stop, forget, remember, try, mean,等。 以下的动词后面只接动词的不定式作宾语： afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。hope; wish; want ; agree; promise，demand; ask; refuse，manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习，期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。want ; refuse ; order ，need; try ; learn ，expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start在need, want, require, be worth等动词（短语）后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. =Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 Part3：动名词的复合结构1. 动名词的复合结构作主语通常有两种：a.形容词性物主代词+动名词。b.名词S+动名词。如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us .2. 作宾语有四种：a, 形容词性屋主代词+动名词。b.名词S+动名词。 c. 人称代词宾格+动名词 。 d. 名词+动名词。如：He left the city without our knowing it. Part 4: PractiseA. Complete these sentences1.If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2.He has promised _(come) to my birthday party.3.I hate _(tell) lies! 4.I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer.5.Do you mind _(pass) that dictionary.6. _(take) physical exercise every day is profitable to our health.7.That is a matter of importance, it wants_(handle) carefully.8.Her not _(come back) made us disappointed. 9.1 must apologize for _(not let) you know ahead of time. 10.M.r Brown regretted _(beat) his son.B. Choose the best answer to this questions.1. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending 2. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able3. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having4. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave5. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept6. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国 ) A. H