Key to unit 2.doc

Key to unit 2III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). Forcibly, she walked us the seven long, hilly blocks from our home to school, depositing our defiant tearful faces before the stern principal. escorted on foot; leaving the two of us, hostile and tearful 2. The room smelled like Chinese medicine, an imported faraway mustiness. unfamiliar exotic stale damp smell 3. Being ten years old, I had better things to learn than ideographs? would rather learn other things than 4. More times than not, I had tried to disassociate myself from the nagging loud voice? fairly frequently 5. Chinese sounded pedestrian. Public. dull and, whats more, lacking individualities 6. No matter how hard she tried, Ruth always ended up Luth or Roof. eventually became the unintended 2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them. scent smellBoth words denote that which is perceived through the nose by means of the olfactory sense. Smell is a general word, which can be applied to pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations. Scent refers to any odour, natural or artificial, that is faintly diffused through the air, and it is almost always delicate and pleasing. 1. When we arrived at our village, there was a terrible smell of burning.2. I dont know how in the dark my sense of smell became so cute.3. The scent of her perfume lingered on in the room. 4. Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.Moreperfume: a sweet or pleasant smell, as of flowers; liquid that made from flower, for use of bodyfragrance: the quality of being fragrantaroma: a strong and pleasant smell; a sensation considered typical of some qualitystink: very unpleasant smellsing chantSing emphasizes an uttering of a succession of articulate musical sounds, especially with the human voice, while chant can be used to refer to the recitation of something repetitiously or monotonously in a sing-song manner. 1. Several thousand people chanted and demonstrated outside the building. 2. Her mother turned her back on her singing career.3. The students gave him a rapturous welcome, chanting in unison, We want the king.4. His singing really does have the depth and the emotional range of the blues. Morewarble: to sing in a trilling manner or with many turns and variationsintone: to utter in musical or prolonged tonesshout: to use ones voice loudlyexclaim: to say something suddenly and loudlycheer: to shout, esp. because of happiness, special interestpermit allowTo permit is to grant leave to or empower by express consent; the word suggests authority that could prevent, implying a greater or lesser degree of approval, and may indicate official sanction. Nevertheless, to allow, used positively, means to grant as a right or privilege, and it is a less formal term and often carries the idea of simply not attempting to hinder. 1. His 18-year-old son was allowed to stay out until midnight and permitted to use the family car on occasion.2. The nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours, though it was not permitted. . 3. This permitted the western manufacturers to play their strong cards: capital and technology. 4. He said that terrorists would not be permitted to hold Britain to ransom. Morelicense: to allow officially (in paper forms)authorize: to give power grant: to agree to give, allow, authorize, etc.warrant: to give someone a reason for doing or thinking (a stated thing)anger infuriateBoth words mean to arouse extreme displeasure, and usually antagonism, in a person or animal. Anger, a more general term, may apply to mild as well as severe displeasure, and is often used as a participle to describe ones disposition. Infuriate is a stronger word, implying a reaction so intense that one virtually loses control of ones actions, implying that something is unbearably offensive.1. He was capable of being angered by trifles. 2. I was in the middle of typing when Robert sang. It was simply infuriating.3. The infuriated crowds lost control of themselves, smashing windows and overturning cars.4. From the media, it could be seen that many young people were angered at what they saw as an evasion of responsibility.Moremadden: to become or act as if madenrage: to cause to become furiousirritate: to excite impatience, anger, or displeasure in3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.heritage grant repress naggingpainstakingly plead refinement stoicallyfragile exasperation gibberish infuriated1). In our era of extensive social restructuring, it is important to grant women equality that entitles women to the privileges.2). Panel painting, common in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a painstaking , laborious process.3). Frosty Paws contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals.4). Coral reefs are one of the most fragile, biologically complex, and diverse marine ecosystems on Earth.5). If you say that some people believe in a stoical way, you approve of them because they do not complain or show that they are upset in bad situations.6). Rudman pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a total of six years in prison for the robbery and the shooting of Mr. Smith.7). Even her own party detested her nagging, and gave her the cold-shoulder.8). This historic building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). coat At the top of the stairs stood a white-coated doctor.2). sway How parents keep children under their sway is the subject of heated discussion for child rearing.3). principal He said the principal method he used to improve his English was reading a lot. 4). back It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser. 5). crisp Such a crisp day in summer is really rare. 6). lot Young people are usually less content with their lot.5. Replace each of the italicized phrases in the following paragraph by such a quantifier as few, a few, fewer, little, a little, less, and make other necessary changes.Because of the snow, there were (1) practically no people in the street when the accident took place (2) not so many as there are normally at that hour. Consequently, (3) almost no reliable evidence could be given to the police. There were (4) a small number of people in the house opposite. They heard the crash but paid (5) practically no attention to it as the snow deadened the sound. After (6) some minutes, one of them happened to look out and saw what had occurred. He at once picked up the telephone but had to wait (7) some time before he could get an answer. In (8) not many minutes the police were on the scene; and in (9) a short while an ambulance arrived. The bus was totally wrecked, but (10) not so much damage had been done to the car.1. few2. fewer than 3. little 4. a few 5. little6. a few7. a little 8. a few 9. a little 10. less6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context. Indians in the United States are faced with significant problems. First, as groups of people with their own languages and cultures, each tribe wants to (1) keep up its traditions and preserve some of its native customs. The adults want their children to be proud of being Indians, as well as to (2) survive in the outside world. The (3) young people want to enter the modern world, (4) which they see on television and in movies. Like everyone else, they are anxious to get a good education and a good job. (5) However, the Indians see little prospect for success and become frustrated (6) because they usually go to inferior schools and often cannot adjust to life in the city. In (7) addition, many Indians feel they are discriminated (8) against, partly because they always see (9) themselves as losers in movies and history books. They have (10) lost much of their self-confidence and pride, and they must acknowledge this fact in order to get rid of their problems.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 现在有些家长对子女要求太高，要他们学英语，学钢琴，学画画，什么都要学。(be hard on) Nowadays, some parents are hard on their sons and daughters, asking them to learn English, to learn to play the piano, to learn painting, and to learn many things. be hard on something (informal)unkind, strict or cruel e.g.She was deeply hurt by his hard words.Dont be too hard on her she was only trying to help.Dont be hard on me, please 2). 他下定决心戒赌，所以看见往日的赌友他惟恐避之不及。(disassociate oneself from) He is determined to give up gambling, so when he sees his former gambling friends, he is more than eager to disassociate himself from their company.dissociate yourself/someone from someone/something to show clearly that someone is not connected with someone or somethinge.g.MPs have been urging the government to dissociate itself entirely from the war.I wish to dissociate myself from those views. It is impossible to dissociate language from culture. 3). 记者们接到严厉的警告，没有官方批准不得前往地震灾区。(stern) The reporters received a stern warning not to go to the earthquake-stricken area without official permission. stern adj. having a definite hardness or severity of nature or mannere.g.The president was prepared to resort to stern measures to get his way.A smile suddenly transformed her stern face.The court issued a stern warning to the driver.4). 孩子读书不争气，家长的日子就不好过了。(keep up) Life is tough for parents whose kids fail to keep up in school.keep up (with)to make progress or learn at the same speed as someone or somethinge.g.By studying hard she managed to keep up.We always try to keep up with our competitors.5). 嫌疑犯打算逃走，但是他的家人把他劝说住了。(dissuade) The suspect considered sneaking away, but his family managed to dissuade him.dissuade someone from doingto persuade someone not to do somethinge.g.Campbell tried in vain to dissuade Paton from quitting.Youd better dissuade him from doing that. My teacher dissuade me from accepting the job. 6). 电缆全部是明亮的黄色，以防行人绊脚。(trip over) The cables are all bright yellow to prevent pedestrians from tripping over them.trip over/onto hit your foot on something and fall downe.g. I tripped over a rock.He tripped up on a cable and broke his ankle.7). 他对那个决定深为恼火，举起双臂表示不满。(exasperation) Infuriated by the decision, he threw up his arms in exasperation.exasperationthe feeling of being extremely annoyed and impatient because things are not happening in the way that you want them to happene.g.Go away! I shouted in exasperation. In the climax of his exasperation he hurled an oath at