写作：议论文类型 提纲 常用句型.doc

（一）对比观点型议论文1.结构模式 （1）引出话题一种观点认为另一种观点认为我的观点（结论） （范文1）（2）描述一事物（现象）分析其优点分析其缺点我的态度 （范文2、3）2.写作要领 考生比较阐述两个不同的观点或分析某事物（现象）的优缺点时，要有自己的观点倾向。对自己赞同的观点可以少花笔墨，以便在表达自己的观点时还有话可说；对自己反对的观点可以多花些笔墨进行驳斥。如果提纲所列的两个观点自己都不同意，在评论这两个观点时可以平分笔墨。 考生在文章的最后表明自己的态度和看法时，最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的建议以减少某现象（事物）可能带来的负面效应。 另外，在分别说明论述两种不同观点、某事物（现象）的优缺点、提出建议时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly，secondly，finally；for one thing ，for another等。3. 范文（下划线部分为每段主题句）范文（1）Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words under the title of why we work. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in English. Outline: 1.Some people live to work. 2.Other peope work to live. 3.Your opinion.Why We Work Why do we work? The answers differ from one person to another because they adopt different attitudes towards work. Some people live to work. They devote themselves to their work. The aim for which they work is to realize the value of life, to promote the development of society and to make more people live happily. They make great contribution to society and at the same time they also find pleasure from their work. On the contrary, other people work to live. They regard work as a way of making a living. The purpose for which they work is to kill time or to make enough money to support themselves and their families. They often consider work as what they have to do. So they cant pick up pleasure and enjoyment from their work. Such people, once they can afford to support themselves and their families, perhaps quit their work. In my opinpion, we shouldnt go to the extremes. Since we are members of society, we should do what we can to better it so that we can live in more comfortable and more convenient surroundings. Good life is an assurance of smooth work. Only when we realize this can we live happily and work well.范文（2） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Electronic Dictionaries. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 电子词典有很多好处。2. 电子词典也有许多弊端。3. 你的看法。Electronic Dictionaries In recent years electronic dictionaries have become very popular as a study aid （辅助工具）among students. Compared with a traditional dictionary, this kind of new dictionary has many advantages. First, in comparison with a traditional dictionary, it is obviously very handy and convenient. Besides, due to its multifunction, it is also very helpful. It can not only translate words from English to Chinese, but vice versa. Some even can teach a learner how to pronounce a word. Most important of all, most of the entries（词条） in electronic dictionaries are comparatively updated. On the other hand, an electronic dictionary has its disadvantages. To begin with, the definitions in the entries are very limited. In addition, there are not enough explanations, patterns, or examples to illustrate the correct usage of a word. Last but not least, constant use of this study aid makes people too much attached to （过于依赖）the dictionary and become lazy, which will lead them to form a passive and lazy attitude towards learning. As far as I am concerned, we should use it properly and should have a good English dictionary at hand and treat the electronic one as a makeshift(权宜之计)when necessary. 范文（3） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition on the topic where to live -in the City or the Country. You should write 120-150 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1.Conveniences of the city. 2.Attractions of the country. (3.Disadvantages of both.) 4.My preferenece.Where to Live -in the City or the Country When asked about where to live -in the city or the country, some people would say that they prefer living in the city than in the country because there are plenty of colorful amusements，high-developed transportation systems and convenient communication facilities which are necessary for our daily life. Moreover, stylish fashion, strong culture atmosphere also attract them. However, other people hold that living in the country enjoys more advantages. They point out that most people are longing for undisturbed and relaxed style of country life. They also believe that fresh air, peaceful environments， beautiful scenery of countryside and spacious living places are beneficial to ones health and mood. Every coin has its two sides, however. Both living in the city and living in the country have their unavoidable disadvantages. On one hand, living in the city, one has to breathe the polluted air, bear noises, crowded streets and traffic jams. On the other hand , people in the country often complain about their monotone（单调的） life which makes people increasingly slack（懒散 ）. Personally, I prefer to live in the country. With the development of the country, the differeneces between city and country are disappearing. And some facilities once only in the city are also set up in the country. So I think life in the country will become more suitable for people. (As far as I am concerned, I prefer to live in the city, because I can not stand living a tedious and lonely life in the country. And the city life is busy enough to dispel(消除) my emptiness.) 4. 对比观点型议论文模板模板 1 When it comes to _某话题_，opinions vary/differ from person to person. Some people claim that _一种观点_is superior to _另一种观点_in many ways. First, _理由一_. Second,_理由二_. Last but not least, _理由三_. Nevertheless（然而）, other people argue that the opposite/reverse(相反的观点) is true./Other people believe that _另一种观点_enjoys more advantages. For one thing, _理由一_. For another, _理由二_. (There are，however, some disadvantages of each one. For example, _一种观点的缺点_. On the other hand, _另一种观点的缺点_.)(可省略) From what has been discussed above, I personally think _第一/二种观点_carries more weights than _第二/一种观点_since _概括理由_.模板2 There is a general discussion nowadays as to the issue of _某现象_. Those who favor/advocate（赞同） _该现象_argue/contend（认为） that _正面观点_. To begin with, _优点一_ In addition, _优点二_. More importantly, _优点三_. But people who object to/criticize/oppose（反对、批评） _该现象_maintain/assert （坚持认为）that the disadvantages are more evident/apparent（明显）. In the first place, _缺点一_. In the second place, _缺点二_. Finally, _缺点三_. Weighing(权衡) the advantages and disadvantages of _该现象_, I am inclined to（倾向于） agree to the former/latter point of view, for _概括理由_. 5对比观点型议论文常用句型 1）点明文章主题的常用句式。1. .has become a hot topic（热点话题） among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person.（不同的人持有不同的观点）2. There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus of opinions （意见不一致）among people concerning/over/as to/on.（关于。话题）3. There is a public debate/discussion/controversy（争论） nowadays about the probem of .4. When being asked about .different people will offer different answers.5. The issue of whether or not .should be allowed has been widely argued/debated currently（当前）.2)具体介绍两种对立观的常用句式1 Some people suggest/maintain/argue that.But /However/While/ Nevertheless/Yet other people hold a different point of view that./argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.2 Some people are inclined to think that. On the contrary/ In contrast, there are still many people who wont agree, and they claim that.3 Those who criticize/are opposed to/object to. argue that. But people who advocate/favor. on the other hand, maintain/assert that.4 Now it is commonly/generally/widely/universally thought/accepted/ believed/held that. But I still believe.5 Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people（绝大多数人） think that. Nevertheless,there are still some people hold that（认为）.3) 说明事物优点的常用句式。1 There are several advantages in/of. The biggest/first advantage is that.2 Nothing/Few things can equal/match/be compared with（没有什么可与之相比）.in terms of.3 For all/In spite of/Despite the disadvantages/side effects（负面影响、副作用）, it has its compensating advantages/beneficial effects（有利的）.4 .has a positive impact/influence/effect on peoples life.5 .is playing an increasingly important role in peopless life. 64) 说明事物缺点的常用句式。1 However,.just like anything else, has its negative side/some drawbacks（缺点） as well.2 Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.3 However, .may also cause/bring about/lead to/result in/contribute to some problems.4 As the proverb goes（正如谚语所说）: Every coin has its two sides/No garden is without its weeds/Every medal has its reverse（任何事物都有它的两面性）,.is no exception（。也不例外）.5 .is a two-edged sword.(.是一把双刃剑，即既有好处也有坏处)6 However, the negative aspects are also apparent/obvious/evident（显而易见）. To begin with. To make matters worse. Worst of all.7 The side effects of.that has exerted on（施加于） human beings can be boiled down to（归结为） several major ones as follows（以下几个主要方面）. First,. Second,. In addition。5) 表明利大于弊的常用句式1 As to me, I think the advantages outweigh/carry more weight than（胜过、多于） the disadvantages.2 Anyway, I still believe.has more advantages than disadvantages.3 But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.4 The advantage of/derived from.far outweigh/are much greater than the disadvantaes/problems.entails(引发) 。6) 陈述自己观点的常用句式。1 For my part/As to me/As far as I am concerned, Id like to agree to the former point of view./My favor goes to the first point of view.2 There are probably some truths in both arguments/statements. It is true that.But.3 In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we., we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.4 I agree to the latter opinion to some extent（一定程度上同意）.5 Personally, I prefer/Im in favor of/on the side of.65.对比观点型议论文实战练习实战练习 （1） Directions:For this part,you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic keeping a pet. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 养宠物有很多优点。2. 养宠物也会引发一些问题。3. 我的态度。Keeping a pet Nowadays it is common to see 世界各国的人们在养猫、养狗或其他动物。 There are many advantages of keeping a pet. For one thing,宠物可以做伴，对于独居者或不常出门的老年来来说更是如此。有些宠物可以帮人们看家。For another, 养宠物可以帮助人们了解动物，这有助于孩子们培养责任心，并增加对大自然的了解。 However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative sides as well. It may also give rise to some problems. For example, 宠物很脏，往往会传播疾病。Worst of all，宠物狗可能会进攻儿童，有时会对孩子带来严重伤害for the reason that 他们的主人对宠物缺乏训练，或者鼓励它们去进攻他人。 To sum up, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, 禁止养宠物是既不明智也不可能的，因为这是人类的一种需要。 Meanwhile, 我们应时刻铭记要好好驯养宠物，以免伤人。实战练习 （2） Directions:For this part,you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1 有人赞成实行安乐死。2 有人反对安乐死合法化。3 我的看法。Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people_. On one hand,_.On the other hand,_. However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Finally,_. In my opinion,there are some truth in both arguments._ _. （二）辨析型（说明原因型）议论文 1.结构模式 描述现状（问题）分析原因结论（我的建议、看法、号召） 2.写作要领 这类考题的核心部分就是说明原因。考生首先要说明与题目相关的现状，然后通过列举或者举例等写作手法，将该现状形成的原因讲清楚。最后，提出建议或总结观点，这样，一篇佳作便产生了。 另外，考生在提出建议或看法时，注意和前一段中问题产生的原因相呼应，这样整篇文章才会显得结构紧凑，有理有据。另外，在列举数个原因或建议时，切忌杂乱无章。可以使用firstly，secondly，furthermore，finally等连接词来保证整段文章的连贯性和条理性。 3.范文范文（1） Directions: In this part, you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition of 120-150 words on the topic of Advertisement on TV. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in English and should start with the given opening sentence: Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen. 1. Present state. 2. Reasons. 3. My comments.Advertisement on TV Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen. Every evening a series of advertisements come after TV programs, informing TV viewers of various up- to- date products on the market(让电视观众了解最新的产品). Why are there so many advertisements on TV? The first reason is that both manufacturers and sellers want to beat the drum for their products（宣传他们的产品） and make their brands well-known through advertisement. Only after the products are widely known, can they be accepted by people. Besides, potential customers（潜在的顾客） would like to be informed of the goods on sale（打折商品）. TV advertisement offers a convenient way for people to know what are at a discount（打折）. The third reason is that TV stations need the fee charged for advertisements to support other programs. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with the TV advertisement. For one thing, it provides us with commodity information. Whats more, some advertisements for public welfare（公益广告） draw peoples attention to some social problems. For another, the advertisements always interrupt an integrated（完整的） movie or play, which is really something troublesome. But you can choose not to watch them as you like.范文（2） Directions:In this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of 120-150 words on Which Is More Important, Wealth or Health? You should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your arguments.Which Is More Important, Wealth or Health? When it comes to the choice between wealth and health, different people hold quite different views. Some people argue for the importance of wealth, while others believe in the significance of health. As far as I am concerned, the second position should be given priority to（更为重要）.（首段须先亮明自己的观点） Health is more important than wealth for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, good health is the foundation for everything, including making money. Good health will enable you to work effectively, which may contribute to a promotion and a good salary. In the second place, good health can enable you to enjoy your life. With good health,you can go and visit any place or do whatever you like without physical problems. In addition, good health can help you live longer and work longer. I cant imagine what will happen to a society whose members have poor health. If I am allowed to make a decision, I prefer health to wealth. And I am sure this choice will make me happy forever.（结论句，换种说法重复自己的观点） 4.说明原因型议论文模板 模板1 Nowadays there are more and more _一种现象_in some big cities. It is said that _进一步说明这种现象（表现为。）_. Why have there been so many _这种现象_？The first reason is that _原因一_. Besides,_原因二_. The third reason is _原因三_. It is high time that something were done upon it. On one hand,_建议一_. On the other hand,_建议二_. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _这种现象_.模板2 Currently _某话题_ play an increasingly important role in our daily life. There are many _进一步说明_ every day. As to me, my favorite _我的选择_. I like _我的选择_ for a variety of reasons. First, _原因一_. Secondly, _原因二_. Thirdly, _原因三_. In short, _结论_. 5 常用句型1）引出话题的常用句式1 Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem.2 Recently, the rise in the phenomenon（现象）of .has drawn/aroused/captured wide attention（引起广泛关注）.3 In recent years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/ troubled with the serious problem of.4 It is undeniable（不可否认） that .has become the utmost concern（最受关注的话题） among people nowadays. 2）分析原因的常用句式1 What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place. In the second place.2 It is no easy job to identify the reasons for.which involves several complicated factors. For one thing. For another.3 A number of factors could account for/lead to/contribute to/result in/be conductive to.4 This problem may result from/be attributable to /be largely due to /stem from a combination of factors（由各种综合因素所造成）.5 The explanation for this phenomenon（现象） involves many complex reasons. To begin with. Besides. Furthermore. 3）得出结论或提出建议的常用句式1 In summary/ In conclusion/ In a word/ In brief/ In short/ To sum up/ On a whole, it is important that.2 In summary, I would like to say that.is an issue that deserves immediate attention.3 From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that.4 It is essential / indispensable that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to reverse（扭转） this situation/trend（现状、趋势）.5 It is hoped/suggested that considerable/great efforts should be directed to /focused on.6.实战练习实战练习（1） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic Fire Accidents in Big Cities. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1. Present state. 2. Causes of the accidents. 3. Suggestion in regard to prevention（预防） of fires.Fire Accidents in Big Cities In recent years 我国大城市中火灾的现象越来越眼中。火灾不但带来了经济损失，还导致了人员的伤亡。 What caused this problem? I think the causes of fire accidents can be liste